Play Therapy in Batavia, OH
![Photo of Crystal A Hubbell - Integrative Counseling Solutions, MS, LPCC, S](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ff8bc5f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
We offer a variety of counseling options such as play therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, marriage counseling, child therapy, trauma therapy, grief therapy, etc.
Integrative Counseling Solutions promotes the mental health and well-being of individuals who seek a better existence and personal growth. ICS integrates flexible counseling options in order to accommodate our clients and their individual needs. We do this by incorporating therapeutic skills with unique and individualized techniques.
We offer a variety of counseling options such as play therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, marriage counseling, child therapy, trauma therapy, grief therapy, etc.
Integrative Counseling Solutions promotes the mental health and well-being of individuals who seek a better existence and personal growth. ICS integrates flexible counseling options in order to accommodate our clients and their individual needs. We do this by incorporating therapeutic skills with unique and individualized techniques.
![Photo of Brittany Jaspers - Resilient Roots LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4f3f0446-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Resilient Roots provides behavioral health therapy services for children and adolescents. Services include clinical assessments and therapeutic interventions that are geared towards working with children. Treatment also includes working closely with the child's primary caregiver.
Resilient Roots provides behavioral health therapy services for children and adolescents. Services include clinical assessments and therapeutic interventions that are geared towards working with children. Treatment also includes working closely with the child's primary caregiver.
![Photo of Barbara J Davis, LPCC-S, RPT, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8d7459ad-b0e2-4957-85c2-fe323968fe55/2/320x400.jpeg)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in strengthening relationships in children, teens and adults with anxiety, depression and behavioral difficulties, I have been providing clients with the means to express their concerns through Trauma Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered Therapy. As a trained therapist, the theoretical models implemented help children, teens and adults resolve psycho-social difficulties, contributing to their overall wellness and mental health of the child.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in strengthening relationships in children, teens and adults with anxiety, depression and behavioral difficulties, I have been providing clients with the means to express their concerns through Trauma Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered Therapy. As a trained therapist, the theoretical models implemented help children, teens and adults resolve psycho-social difficulties, contributing to their overall wellness and mental health of the child.
![Photo of Crystal A Hubbell, MS, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/51a61ec0-8881-49b6-b763-809a20f884f1/1/320x400.jpeg)
My passion has always been families and children of all ages, providing both individual and family therapies. I have worked in home and community based settings as well as school based settings. This work has given me extensive experience working with trauma, abuse, grief work, PTSD, mood disorders. I have a special place in my heart for young girls and women and feel that my therapeutic modality is especially beneficial to them. I am a listener, I hear my client's, and my sessions are client led and person centered.
My passion has always been families and children of all ages, providing both individual and family therapies. I have worked in home and community based settings as well as school based settings. This work has given me extensive experience working with trauma, abuse, grief work, PTSD, mood disorders. I have a special place in my heart for young girls and women and feel that my therapeutic modality is especially beneficial to them. I am a listener, I hear my client's, and my sessions are client led and person centered.
![Photo of Cymbria L Hess - Anderson Hills Psychotherapy, MA, IMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a58da408-7f6a-4059-a0a5-8f5a99040632/2/320x400.png)
Anderson Hills Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Batavia, OH 45103
Current Openings - Children and Adults. Have you ever felt like you were in over your head and wondered if a problem is serious or just a "stage"? Whether parenting your child or teen, trying to balance your personal life, or managing your intimate relationship; even the best of us can still have times where an outside compassionate, neutral party is useful. From minor discomforts to a full depressive episode everyone needs a hand now and then. Let us help clarify what concerns you. We can work with you individually, privately with your teen or child, or together with your partner and/or family. Our team is ready to serve.
Current Openings - Children and Adults. Have you ever felt like you were in over your head and wondered if a problem is serious or just a "stage"? Whether parenting your child or teen, trying to balance your personal life, or managing your intimate relationship; even the best of us can still have times where an outside compassionate, neutral party is useful. From minor discomforts to a full depressive episode everyone needs a hand now and then. Let us help clarify what concerns you. We can work with you individually, privately with your teen or child, or together with your partner and/or family. Our team is ready to serve.
![Photo of Lindsay Ryan, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f1480e37-2656-4cc1-b1f9-9d8c4f2d3661/1/320x400.jpeg)
Lindsay is a Licensed Social Worker in the state of Ohio. She graduated from the University of Southern California with her doctorate in social work where she is focused on the impact of social isolation. Lindsay’s experience includes working with clients of all ages and has worked at a women’s homeless shelter, K-8 schools, and a community-based agency. Additionally, she volunteered providing crisis counseling on a text-based platform. Before Lindsay’s social work career, she served 20 years in the United States Air Force. Lindsay is passionate about providing client-centered care to both children and adults.
Lindsay is a Licensed Social Worker in the state of Ohio. She graduated from the University of Southern California with her doctorate in social work where she is focused on the impact of social isolation. Lindsay’s experience includes working with clients of all ages and has worked at a women’s homeless shelter, K-8 schools, and a community-based agency. Additionally, she volunteered providing crisis counseling on a text-based platform. Before Lindsay’s social work career, she served 20 years in the United States Air Force. Lindsay is passionate about providing client-centered care to both children and adults.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Tracy Mert, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/257003b1-9739-414d-ac0d-4492524b89f9/2/320x400.jpeg)
I utilize: cognitive behavior therapy, talk therapy, supportive therapy, family systems theory, love and logic parenting theory, art therapy, play therapy, EMDR, and dialectical behavior therapy in my work.
I have experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults. My main areas of interest and experience include: behavior problems, crisis support, developmental disabilities, ADHD, anger management, depression, grief, trauma, abuse, anxiety, low self- esteem, divorce, and parenting skills/education. Prior to private practice, I worked with substance abuse, homelessness,case-management, provided intensive home-community based therapy, engaged in school- based counseling, managed and provided therapy within a partial hospitalization program with in an alternative behavior school, and frequented the courts and hospitals.
I utilize: cognitive behavior therapy, talk therapy, supportive therapy, family systems theory, love and logic parenting theory, art therapy, play therapy, EMDR, and dialectical behavior therapy in my work.
I have experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults. My main areas of interest and experience include: behavior problems, crisis support, developmental disabilities, ADHD, anger management, depression, grief, trauma, abuse, anxiety, low self- esteem, divorce, and parenting skills/education. Prior to private practice, I worked with substance abuse, homelessness,case-management, provided intensive home-community based therapy, engaged in school- based counseling, managed and provided therapy within a partial hospitalization program with in an alternative behavior school, and frequented the courts and hospitals.
![Photo of Kimberly Kirk, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/007a8215-229b-4bb1-84b8-14d274664a71/1/320x400.jpeg)
Kimberly Kirk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Milford, OH 45150 (Online Only)
I have participated in trainings that help me to help you and your loved ones, including Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Play Therapy, and Interpersonal Neurobiology.
Hello there! I am a LPCC, a licensed professional clinical counselor in Ohio. I received my Masters in Counseling in Cincinnati in 2007 and have been practicing the last 17 years. I have experience working with children and adolescents in school settings, adults in psychiatric inpatient, and then children, adolescents, family, couples, and individuals in private practice. My passion is to help those who have had difficult experiences in life and are struggling to move through them. I desire to help people not just survive in life, but to have joy and peace too.
I have participated in trainings that help me to help you and your loved ones, including Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Play Therapy, and Interpersonal Neurobiology.
Hello there! I am a LPCC, a licensed professional clinical counselor in Ohio. I received my Masters in Counseling in Cincinnati in 2007 and have been practicing the last 17 years. I have experience working with children and adolescents in school settings, adults in psychiatric inpatient, and then children, adolescents, family, couples, and individuals in private practice. My passion is to help those who have had difficult experiences in life and are struggling to move through them. I desire to help people not just survive in life, but to have joy and peace too.
![Photo of Rebecca Sievers - Rebecca Sievers Counseling, MA, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0c976551-b20e-4126-8faf-2f7af7565ded/3/320x400.jpeg)
Rebecca Sievers Counseling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milford, OH 45150
My orientation is one of wellness and connection, helping people to identify obstacles while accessing their natural strengths to cultivate healing within themselves or their relationships. I have background in mindfulness, Dialectical and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (DBT/CBT), attachment, family and play therapies. I also hold certification in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and trained with the EMDR Institute. The arts and nature can be integrated into session to deepen the work if desired. My office in old Milford has easy access to the abundant natural resources near the Little Miami River and trail.
My orientation is one of wellness and connection, helping people to identify obstacles while accessing their natural strengths to cultivate healing within themselves or their relationships. I have background in mindfulness, Dialectical and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (DBT/CBT), attachment, family and play therapies. I also hold certification in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and trained with the EMDR Institute. The arts and nature can be integrated into session to deepen the work if desired. My office in old Milford has easy access to the abundant natural resources near the Little Miami River and trail.
![Photo of Heather Hess, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c6b73889-cbaf-4503-b7c3-3da432b77f86/2/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome! I’m delighted you’re considering this journey towards better mental health. I have experience working in community mental health, public schools, and private practice. I have worked with a wide variety of individuals and issues including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, LGBTQ+, grief, women’s issues, and couples/relationships. I specialize in play therapy for children ages 2 and up. I have seen first-hand how effective play is in helping children process their feelings, manage stress, learn self-regulation, and learn problem-solving skills (among other benefits).
Welcome! I’m delighted you’re considering this journey towards better mental health. I have experience working in community mental health, public schools, and private practice. I have worked with a wide variety of individuals and issues including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, LGBTQ+, grief, women’s issues, and couples/relationships. I specialize in play therapy for children ages 2 and up. I have seen first-hand how effective play is in helping children process their feelings, manage stress, learn self-regulation, and learn problem-solving skills (among other benefits).
![Photo of Joy A Wilson - New Journey Counseling LLC, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/44bcd805-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Weekend appointments are available NOW in our office, by phone and through TeleHealth. Following insurances accepted: CareSource, Paramount, Molina, Aetna, Anthem, Cigna, Humana, Medical Mutual, Optum, etc. PLAY THERAPY for children via Telehealth and in person available. Also therapy for ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS is available for many concerns at our office or via telehealth or phone. We can help with ANXIETY, BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS, CO-DEPENDENCY, DEPRESSION, GRIEF, ADDICTIONS, DIVORCE SUPPORT, SELF-ESTEEM, and other life stress.
Weekend appointments are available NOW in our office, by phone and through TeleHealth. Following insurances accepted: CareSource, Paramount, Molina, Aetna, Anthem, Cigna, Humana, Medical Mutual, Optum, etc. PLAY THERAPY for children via Telehealth and in person available. Also therapy for ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS is available for many concerns at our office or via telehealth or phone. We can help with ANXIETY, BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS, CO-DEPENDENCY, DEPRESSION, GRIEF, ADDICTIONS, DIVORCE SUPPORT, SELF-ESTEEM, and other life stress.
![Photo of Maggie Gehler - Hope Restored Counseling Services, MA, PCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3dbf22d2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
At Hope Restored Counseling Services, our approach is both compassionate and goal-oriented, focusing on thoughtful exploration of the problem, and more importantly, change. Based on years of experience working with individuals and families in a therapeutic setting, we've found that each individual, regardless of their challenges, has the capacity for hope, choice and change.
At Hope Restored Counseling Services, our approach is both compassionate and goal-oriented, focusing on thoughtful exploration of the problem, and more importantly, change. Based on years of experience working with individuals and families in a therapeutic setting, we've found that each individual, regardless of their challenges, has the capacity for hope, choice and change.
![Photo of Danielle Dores, MA, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a43954bc-8ea1-4def-a290-6af6cb649c9d/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you find yourself struggling with a constant sense of worry? Do you feel like something is off and you're not able to enjoy things as much as you used to? Are you experiencing stress and difficulties in your relationships with your spouse, partner, or children? If these issues are familiar to you, don't worry. I am here to offer my services. Together, we can work towards enhancing and strengthening your relationships with yourself and those around you.
Do you find yourself struggling with a constant sense of worry? Do you feel like something is off and you're not able to enjoy things as much as you used to? Are you experiencing stress and difficulties in your relationships with your spouse, partner, or children? If these issues are familiar to you, don't worry. I am here to offer my services. Together, we can work towards enhancing and strengthening your relationships with yourself and those around you.
![Photo of Kara Meyer, MA, LPCC, CCATP](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4eff909e-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Kara Meyer
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCATP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
When anxiety looks different for every person and approaches are not a "one size fits all," it makes managing your anxiety even harder. We often use tools to help us cope, but sometimes these tools aren't enough. Whether you are managing generalized anxiety, panic attacks, peripartum anxiety, postpartum anxiety, or intrusive thoughts, anxiety is a complex and overwhelming emotion that affects nearly every aspect of our daily lives. As a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), my work incorporates evidence-based practices in an authentic environment where you, your insights, and your goals are valued.
When anxiety looks different for every person and approaches are not a "one size fits all," it makes managing your anxiety even harder. We often use tools to help us cope, but sometimes these tools aren't enough. Whether you are managing generalized anxiety, panic attacks, peripartum anxiety, postpartum anxiety, or intrusive thoughts, anxiety is a complex and overwhelming emotion that affects nearly every aspect of our daily lives. As a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), my work incorporates evidence-based practices in an authentic environment where you, your insights, and your goals are valued.
![Photo of Meredith Thomas - Creekside Therapy Center, LLC, MEd, LPCC-S, CEDS-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/51ade87d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
At Creekside Therapy Center, your mental health is our priority. Whether you’re facing mounting stress, paralyzing anxiety, gut-wrenching loss or you simply need someone to talk to, let us be there for you. Our clinicians have a wide range of experience and work with children, teens, adults and couples. Our prescribers can assist in managing medications you may be taking or provide an evaluation for potential medication implementation. We would be honored to walk this journey with you and encourage you to contact us to discuss whether we have a clinician who may meet your mental health needs.
At Creekside Therapy Center, your mental health is our priority. Whether you’re facing mounting stress, paralyzing anxiety, gut-wrenching loss or you simply need someone to talk to, let us be there for you. Our clinicians have a wide range of experience and work with children, teens, adults and couples. Our prescribers can assist in managing medications you may be taking or provide an evaluation for potential medication implementation. We would be honored to walk this journey with you and encourage you to contact us to discuss whether we have a clinician who may meet your mental health needs.
![Photo of Taylor Anne Markovits, MA, LPC, C-DBT, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9faca0a4-4854-4114-b167-109e19fd4d7d/1/320x400.jpeg)
Taylor Anne Markovits
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Loveland, OH 45140
As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and certified DBT therapist (C-DBT) with ten years of experience providing comprehensive client support, I aim to foster a transformative therapeutic alliance with a client-centered, collaborative, validating, strengths and acceptance-based stance. With training in various orientations, including DBT, CBT, art therapy, grief, and mindfulness, I offer therapy services tailored to your unique needs. Through a DBT-informed and eclectic approach, I help clients develop coping and emotional regulatory skills necessary to lead more effective and fulfilling lives.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and certified DBT therapist (C-DBT) with ten years of experience providing comprehensive client support, I aim to foster a transformative therapeutic alliance with a client-centered, collaborative, validating, strengths and acceptance-based stance. With training in various orientations, including DBT, CBT, art therapy, grief, and mindfulness, I offer therapy services tailored to your unique needs. Through a DBT-informed and eclectic approach, I help clients develop coping and emotional regulatory skills necessary to lead more effective and fulfilling lives.
![Photo of Michele D Fischer, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/de207b05-9d98-48a8-b8b3-4940f27f67da/3/320x400.jpeg)
Life can be difficult, especially when going through change. So many things can impact our wellbeing. I would like to help guide your mental health journey so you can learn how to more successfully manage the challenges life throws at you. I can help you express and understand their emotions, while also assisting you to identify your values. Together we can lay everything out, organize what really matters according to your values, and then make a plan for behavioral and thought changes that will help you to experience healing, growth, and fuller happiness in your life.
Life can be difficult, especially when going through change. So many things can impact our wellbeing. I would like to help guide your mental health journey so you can learn how to more successfully manage the challenges life throws at you. I can help you express and understand their emotions, while also assisting you to identify your values. Together we can lay everything out, organize what really matters according to your values, and then make a plan for behavioral and thought changes that will help you to experience healing, growth, and fuller happiness in your life.
![Photo of Tracy Mert - ClearView Counseling Services, MA, LPCC-S, LISW, MFT, PhD](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d8ca79f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
ClearView provides individual, couple, family, and group counseling to children, adolescents and adults. We serve those struggling with addictions, depression, anxiety, loss and other life transitions, sexual and other trauma, relationship difficulties, school performance, school attendance, school behavior, and career uncertainty, among other occurrences and situations. ClearView has offices in Fairfield and Milford. To make an appointment, please call (513) 860-1100.
ClearView provides individual, couple, family, and group counseling to children, adolescents and adults. We serve those struggling with addictions, depression, anxiety, loss and other life transitions, sexual and other trauma, relationship difficulties, school performance, school attendance, school behavior, and career uncertainty, among other occurrences and situations. ClearView has offices in Fairfield and Milford. To make an appointment, please call (513) 860-1100.
![Photo of Heather Tietjen-Mooney - Good Therapy LLC, LISW-S, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bb52f7cb-ca97-46cf-92fd-495e4e604edb/2/320x400.jpeg)
Good Therapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milford, OH 45150 (Online Only)
Transitional experiences are a part of life. Often we are able to fully embrace, celebrate or grieve and pass through these with relative ease. However if you find yourself in a struggle where mood is shifting, anxiety is increasing or if joy is missing from moments that should be joyful- if fear inhibits your desired growth or you struggle to find purpose or motivation-- maybe this is part of your life's journey where you allow yourself to be supported. I work from a strengths perspective, treating, diagnosing and offering opportunities for insight, growth and healing. Your story is the focus of care, your uniqueness is celebrated
Transitional experiences are a part of life. Often we are able to fully embrace, celebrate or grieve and pass through these with relative ease. However if you find yourself in a struggle where mood is shifting, anxiety is increasing or if joy is missing from moments that should be joyful- if fear inhibits your desired growth or you struggle to find purpose or motivation-- maybe this is part of your life's journey where you allow yourself to be supported. I work from a strengths perspective, treating, diagnosing and offering opportunities for insight, growth and healing. Your story is the focus of care, your uniqueness is celebrated
![Photo of Katherine Pixley, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8efe4ec9-e0e8-41c9-a5cc-96bc4876b77f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hello! I am a board-certified Dance/Movement Therapist, EMDR certified and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I strive to assist my clients to move through challenging experiences by helping them with understanding the power of the mind/body connection. The hope is that once this connection is better understood, an individual can reconnect to their life fully. I have had the privilege to work in community, school, and hospital environments as well as private practice settings with children to adults.
Hello! I am a board-certified Dance/Movement Therapist, EMDR certified and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I strive to assist my clients to move through challenging experiences by helping them with understanding the power of the mind/body connection. The hope is that once this connection is better understood, an individual can reconnect to their life fully. I have had the privilege to work in community, school, and hospital environments as well as private practice settings with children to adults.
See more therapy options for Batavia
Nearby Play Therapy Searches for Batavia
- Amelia
- Anderson
- Blue Ash
- Cincinnati
- Hyde Park
- Indian Hill
- Liberty Township
- Loveland
- Mason
- Milford
- Springdale
- West Chester
Play Therapy
Who is play therapy for?
Play therapy is generally targeted to children between the ages of 3 and 11 who have social, emotional, or behavioral difficulties. Play therapy has also been found helpful for children who have experienced physical or emotional abuse or witnessed atrocities. Play therapy is also often recommended for children who are undergoing major medical procedures or who are suffering from chronic illness; many children’s hospitals are equipped to offer play therapy on-site. Play therapy is also sometimes used for adults; creative writing, music, and art are expressive forms that can all be adapted for therapeutic purposes.
Why do people need play therapy?
Children often do not have the language skills or words to know or to express what is troubling them. Yet they often spontaneously draw or use playthings to depict scenarios that reflect problems in their everyday life. Play therapy provides children with an array of objects and play situations to act out their feelings or experiences so that therapists can get a clear picture of what children might be struggling with and help them find solutions. In addition, play therapists are skilled at helping children understand their inner experience and find words for them, necessary steps toward helping children learn to control their own behavior and come up with solutions to problems they encounter.
What happens in play therapy?
A child enters a comfortable playroom where they are free to choose the objects they want to play with. The play therapist will typically observe how they play with the toys—whether a sandbox, puppets, dolls and action figures, trucks, costumes, drawing and painting materials, or more—because such play provides clues to a child’s family and social relationships, difficulties they are encountering in the world, and what going on inside themselves. Sometimes the therapist may ask the child to use the play objects to tell a story about their family. Using the same instruments of play, therapists can help children discover more advantageous ways of thinking and behaving.
What kinds of problems do play therapists treat?
Play therapy can help children who display destructive or self-destructive impulses; children who seem angry, sad, or fearful; children who experience frequent social, emotional, family, or school difficulty. Play therapy is often of value to children who have experienced a loss or distressing family experience, who are regularly exposed to family conflict, or who have been physically or emotionally abused. Play therapy can help children who are perpetrators of bullying as well as those who are targets of bullying. It helps children learn to identify their feelings, to express them in constructive ways, and to regulate them so they can get on with the business of development.
How long does play therapy last?
Play therapy sessions may last for 30 to 45 minutes, and they usually occur weekly for about 20 sessions. Each session is tailored to the individual child and the kinds of problems they are struggling with. Play that is highly repetitive often indicates a problem requiring further exploration. Therapists typically measure progress through session-to-session changes in play behavior.