Therapists in Silver Creek, NY

Photo of Briana Postle, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Briana Postle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Silver Creek, NY 14136
Sometimes anxiety, depression, and those really difficult feelings can make us feel stuck, but there is hope. Let’s focus on feeling better, personal growth, and healing by looking at the world through your eyes. Allow me to assist you through an empathetic lens that doesn't ask "what's wrong with you?", but instead, wonders what experiences lead you to where you are now. From there, we can figure out how to get you where you truly want to be.
Sometimes anxiety, depression, and those really difficult feelings can make us feel stuck, but there is hope. Let’s focus on feeling better, personal growth, and healing by looking at the world through your eyes. Allow me to assist you through an empathetic lens that doesn't ask "what's wrong with you?", but instead, wonders what experiences lead you to where you are now. From there, we can figure out how to get you where you truly want to be.
(716) 300-2337 View (716) 300-2337
Photo of Alicia Kimmerly, LCAT, Art Therapist
Alicia Kimmerly
Art Therapist, LCAT
Verified Verified
Silver Creek, NY 14136
Getting started in therapy can be hard. I understand that making the choice of taking care of you may be feel overwhelming or even intimidating. With this in mind, I believe in a holistic and person centered approach to therapy, simply because there is no one size fits all when it comes to wellness. Together we can explore issues that have led you to therapy, using creative intervention that suits your individual need.
Getting started in therapy can be hard. I understand that making the choice of taking care of you may be feel overwhelming or even intimidating. With this in mind, I believe in a holistic and person centered approach to therapy, simply because there is no one size fits all when it comes to wellness. Together we can explore issues that have led you to therapy, using creative intervention that suits your individual need.
(716) 413-5599 View (716) 413-5599
Photo of Jacqueline A Comello, MEd, LMHC, Counselor
Jacqueline A Comello
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Silver Creek, NY 14136  (Online Only)
Life is full of ups and downs. Anxiety, depression, past trauma, and unexpected loss or changes can become huge barriers to success and joy. Sometimes the challenges we face can be better overcome by reaching out for help and support. I would be honored to use my education, skills, and a decade of experience as a counselor to walk with you on a path to hope
Life is full of ups and downs. Anxiety, depression, past trauma, and unexpected loss or changes can become huge barriers to success and joy. Sometimes the challenges we face can be better overcome by reaching out for help and support. I would be honored to use my education, skills, and a decade of experience as a counselor to walk with you on a path to hope
(716) 321-2772 View (716) 321-2772
Photo of Scott Thomas Connor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Thomas Connor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Silver Creek, NY 14136  (Online Only)
I have been working as a mental health professional for over 14 years. Helping others overcome barriers and achieve their goals continues to be very fulfilling for me. In my practice I focus heavily on building on people’s strengths. I believe everyone is a product of their environments and experiences. These factors can bring blessings as well as challenges which can impact people later in life. As a trauma therapist I am well versed in assisting people overcome past experiences. I also have extensive experience helping people manage anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, interpersonal issues, and relationships.
I have been working as a mental health professional for over 14 years. Helping others overcome barriers and achieve their goals continues to be very fulfilling for me. In my practice I focus heavily on building on people’s strengths. I believe everyone is a product of their environments and experiences. These factors can bring blessings as well as challenges which can impact people later in life. As a trauma therapist I am well versed in assisting people overcome past experiences. I also have extensive experience helping people manage anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, interpersonal issues, and relationships.
(716) 219-0095 View (716) 219-0095
Photo of Robin Krupp, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robin Krupp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Silver Creek, NY 14136
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Drug Addiction & Abuse, and Post-traumatic stress disorder. I am also a Certified NYS School Social Worker and received training conducted by the Dept. of Veterans Affairs on therapy for handling disruptive behaviors, problem-solving, and depression. I currently offer telehealth therapy to Adolescents, Adults, Couples, and Seniors living in New York. I have experience in treating co-occurring disorders, Anxiety Bipolar Disorder, PTSD, LGBTQ+, Addictions, Depression, and ADHD.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in Anxiety, Addiction, Depression, Drug Addiction & Abuse, and Post-traumatic stress disorder. I am also a Certified NYS School Social Worker and received training conducted by the Dept. of Veterans Affairs on therapy for handling disruptive behaviors, problem-solving, and depression. I currently offer telehealth therapy to Adolescents, Adults, Couples, and Seniors living in New York. I have experience in treating co-occurring disorders, Anxiety Bipolar Disorder, PTSD, LGBTQ+, Addictions, Depression, and ADHD.
(332) 262-7832 View (332) 262-7832
Photo of Melissa Coniglio-Fote - My Choice Mental Health Counseling PLLC, LMHC, CASAC 2, MSEd, Counselor
My Choice Mental Health Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC 2, MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silver Creek, NY 14136
Providing Therapy in two locations: Dunkirk and Orchard Park. Best case scenario; therapy provides perspective, mindfulness and feeling supported in changing behaviors that may be blocking your successes in life. I will provide a supportive atmosphere to explore the conflicts that keep you locked into unfulfilling patterns and develop healing and life style change. I approach each client as the unique individual they are as we co-create a treatment plan built on a foundation of compassion, positivity and strengths.
Providing Therapy in two locations: Dunkirk and Orchard Park. Best case scenario; therapy provides perspective, mindfulness and feeling supported in changing behaviors that may be blocking your successes in life. I will provide a supportive atmosphere to explore the conflicts that keep you locked into unfulfilling patterns and develop healing and life style change. I approach each client as the unique individual they are as we co-create a treatment plan built on a foundation of compassion, positivity and strengths.
(716) 287-6941 View (716) 287-6941

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Heather Anderson, LMHC, CASAC, Counselor
Heather Anderson
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
Dunkirk, NY 14048
In therapy, I strive to create a supportive environment where every individual feels heard & understood. I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Credentialed Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counselor working in the field for the past 15 years. Throughout my career I have worked with individuals of all ages for a variety of reasons. I have experience working as counselor and program manager in an outpatient clinic for substance use which has given me the opportunity to train other therapists. Other experience includes school counseling, outpatient mental health, and inpatient chemical dependency.
In therapy, I strive to create a supportive environment where every individual feels heard & understood. I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Credentialed Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counselor working in the field for the past 15 years. Throughout my career I have worked with individuals of all ages for a variety of reasons. I have experience working as counselor and program manager in an outpatient clinic for substance use which has given me the opportunity to train other therapists. Other experience includes school counseling, outpatient mental health, and inpatient chemical dependency.
(716) 454-3903 View (716) 454-3903
Photo of Regina Bryan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Regina Bryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Forestville, NY 14062  (Online Only)
Greetings all. My name is Regina Bryan, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10+ years in mental health counseling. While I'm not wedded to any one particular theoretical model, I like to use an approach that integrates many disciplines to address mental health and psychosocial issues. A few of the models I use in therapy are Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Client-Centered, Strengths Perspective, CBT, Motivation Interviewing, and Mindfulness, in addition to breathing and grounding exercises. My focus areas are Depression, Anxiety, SUD, and other forms of emotional/mental distress.
Greetings all. My name is Regina Bryan, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10+ years in mental health counseling. While I'm not wedded to any one particular theoretical model, I like to use an approach that integrates many disciplines to address mental health and psychosocial issues. A few of the models I use in therapy are Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Client-Centered, Strengths Perspective, CBT, Motivation Interviewing, and Mindfulness, in addition to breathing and grounding exercises. My focus areas are Depression, Anxiety, SUD, and other forms of emotional/mental distress.
(646) 718-2811 View (646) 718-2811
Photo of Zaina Albofradi - Invest in You Mental Health Counseling, P.C., MS, LMHC, Counselor
Invest in You Mental Health Counseling, P.C.
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunkirk, NY 14048  (Online Only)
My treatment style assists clients in identifying patterns in their emotions, thoughts, and beliefs to gain insight into their current selves. Introspection through insight building. Our work together explores how reactions to present-day circumstances may be influenced by past events. I focus on inner child work and reconstructing negative self-talk, while considering the nuances and complexities of the human experience that shape lives and personal narratives.
My treatment style assists clients in identifying patterns in their emotions, thoughts, and beliefs to gain insight into their current selves. Introspection through insight building. Our work together explores how reactions to present-day circumstances may be influenced by past events. I focus on inner child work and reconstructing negative self-talk, while considering the nuances and complexities of the human experience that shape lives and personal narratives.
(516) 667-1796 View (516) 667-1796
Photo of Delsa Fauconier, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Delsa Fauconier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irving, NY 14081  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Delsa J. Fauconier; LCSW-R . I am a licensed Psychotherapist. I am a dedicated clinician with over 28 years of experience. I pride myself on the utilization of client-centered treatment. I have a soul commitment encompassing empathy, compassion, and unwavering support. My goal is to develop a nurturing relationship with clients to achieve an optimal holistic health. "My hand is extended to help you achieve your best life!"
Hello! My name is Delsa J. Fauconier; LCSW-R . I am a licensed Psychotherapist. I am a dedicated clinician with over 28 years of experience. I pride myself on the utilization of client-centered treatment. I have a soul commitment encompassing empathy, compassion, and unwavering support. My goal is to develop a nurturing relationship with clients to achieve an optimal holistic health. "My hand is extended to help you achieve your best life!"
(347) 836-5523 View (347) 836-5523
Photo of Tamie O'Neil, LMHC, Counselor
Tamie O'Neil
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dunkirk, NY 14048
Hi, I'm Tamie. I have been in the counseling field for over 12 years. I enjoy working with anyone who wants a change in their life. I believe that counseling is a way to assist people in moving forward toward meeting their goals and being their most successful selves. My sessions consist of me listening to what you want to work on, talking with you about what you are comfortable doing to create change, and creating a plan to achieve your goals. I do not use just one type of counseling but several types of counseling so that I can tailor the session to meet your needs.
Hi, I'm Tamie. I have been in the counseling field for over 12 years. I enjoy working with anyone who wants a change in their life. I believe that counseling is a way to assist people in moving forward toward meeting their goals and being their most successful selves. My sessions consist of me listening to what you want to work on, talking with you about what you are comfortable doing to create change, and creating a plan to achieve your goals. I do not use just one type of counseling but several types of counseling so that I can tailor the session to meet your needs.
(585) 332-5041 View (585) 332-5041
Photo of Michelle R. Christian, LMHC, CASAC, Counselor
Michelle R. Christian
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunkirk, NY 14048
I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Credentialed Alcohol Substance Abuse Counselor with 10 years of experience working in a variety of settings in the mental health field. I am also EMDR trained and I currently work with individuals, couples and families, focusing on developing solutions to the many problems that life can present. In addition to owning my private practice, I currently work as a counselor in an outpatient clinic in the addictions field. I have experience working in residential settings, school counseling, inpatient mental health, inpatient chemical dependency, PROS services and outpatient chemical dependency.
I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Credentialed Alcohol Substance Abuse Counselor with 10 years of experience working in a variety of settings in the mental health field. I am also EMDR trained and I currently work with individuals, couples and families, focusing on developing solutions to the many problems that life can present. In addition to owning my private practice, I currently work as a counselor in an outpatient clinic in the addictions field. I have experience working in residential settings, school counseling, inpatient mental health, inpatient chemical dependency, PROS services and outpatient chemical dependency.
(716) 543-3443 View (716) 543-3443
Photo of Beverly Denise Jones - Jones's Mental Health Counseling PLLC, LMHC, Counselor
Jones's Mental Health Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunkirk, NY 14048  (Online Only)
Welcome to Jones Mental Health Counseling! Seeking help to cope and rediscover a happy place is not as easy as people think; but it’s a start. Therapy allows you to open your mind and express your feelings. It also allows you to take a closer look at triggers that have played a significant role in holding you back from reaching the goals you would like to accomplish. Jones Mental Health Counseling's motto is “We can go the distance”. Solutions always seem so far away. As your therapist, I will provide you with a safe and nurturing space to explore these underlying issues that have become a challenge to overcome.
Welcome to Jones Mental Health Counseling! Seeking help to cope and rediscover a happy place is not as easy as people think; but it’s a start. Therapy allows you to open your mind and express your feelings. It also allows you to take a closer look at triggers that have played a significant role in holding you back from reaching the goals you would like to accomplish. Jones Mental Health Counseling's motto is “We can go the distance”. Solutions always seem so far away. As your therapist, I will provide you with a safe and nurturing space to explore these underlying issues that have become a challenge to overcome.
(716) 454-3834 View (716) 454-3834
Photo of Jackie Rogers, LCSWR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jackie Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR
Verified Verified
Irving, NY 14081  (Online Only)
Life doesn’t always go the way we planned. Sometimes we get stuck and find ourselves feeling hopeless. You are not alone. Many people I work with have had negative experiences in their lives that continue to affect them in different ways; such as, having meaningful relationships with others. Some people say that fear and worry run their lives. Whatever it may be, I will help you gain insight into your problems and learn new ways to resolve conflicts, develop more confidence, and begin to live the life you want.
Life doesn’t always go the way we planned. Sometimes we get stuck and find ourselves feeling hopeless. You are not alone. Many people I work with have had negative experiences in their lives that continue to affect them in different ways; such as, having meaningful relationships with others. Some people say that fear and worry run their lives. Whatever it may be, I will help you gain insight into your problems and learn new ways to resolve conflicts, develop more confidence, and begin to live the life you want.
(716) 219-2686 View (716) 219-2686
Photo of Jason Tonon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jason Tonon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dunkirk, NY 14048
I specialize in helping people navigate change. Are you struggling with an unexpected change in your life? Or, do you see a need for change but aren't sure how to make it happen?
I specialize in helping people navigate change. Are you struggling with an unexpected change in your life? Or, do you see a need for change but aren't sure how to make it happen?
(716) 727-5962 View (716) 727-5962
Photo of Lynette Lex, PhD, LCAT, CASAC, Art Therapist
Lynette Lex
Art Therapist, PhD, LCAT, CASAC
Verified Verified
Angola, NY 14006
Lynette Lex has a unique Art Therapy Studio, Life is Art, where Art Therapy, EMDR and a holistic wellness approach to therapy are combined. Meditation, Mindfulness, Reiki and Aromatherapy are often included in sessions. Art Therapy gives a non-verbal means for expression when words are not enough. This Art Therapy Studio has a large space where both individuals and groups are able to create. This is a safe and inviting atmosphere where trauma can be addressed and healing is possible. Tela Health appointments are also available. Private pay and Cigna/ Evernorth.
Lynette Lex has a unique Art Therapy Studio, Life is Art, where Art Therapy, EMDR and a holistic wellness approach to therapy are combined. Meditation, Mindfulness, Reiki and Aromatherapy are often included in sessions. Art Therapy gives a non-verbal means for expression when words are not enough. This Art Therapy Studio has a large space where both individuals and groups are able to create. This is a safe and inviting atmosphere where trauma can be addressed and healing is possible. Tela Health appointments are also available. Private pay and Cigna/ Evernorth.
(716) 219-0728 View (716) 219-0728
Photo of Erin Smith, LMHC
Erin Smith
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Perrysburg, NY 14129
I am licensed in New York with 3 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, LGBT-related issues, trauma and abuse, & coping with grief and loss. I believe that you are in control of your story and that you have many strengths that will help you in overcoming your challenges. We can work together through cognitive behavioral therapy with an eclectic approach. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
I am licensed in New York with 3 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, LGBT-related issues, trauma and abuse, & coping with grief and loss. I believe that you are in control of your story and that you have many strengths that will help you in overcoming your challenges. We can work together through cognitive behavioral therapy with an eclectic approach. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
(929) 416-2602 View (929) 416-2602
Photo of Mallary O'Banion, LMHC, CASAC, Counselor
Mallary O'Banion
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
Angola, NY 14006  (Online Only)
Therapy is about self-exploration and growth, whether you want to improve your communication with others, learn how to cope with stress or any other mental injury that's weighing you down. Many times, feeling heard and being able to reflect can give you the space you need to make decisions about your life. You have to start where you are.
Therapy is about self-exploration and growth, whether you want to improve your communication with others, learn how to cope with stress or any other mental injury that's weighing you down. Many times, feeling heard and being able to reflect can give you the space you need to make decisions about your life. You have to start where you are.
(716) 271-5364 View (716) 271-5364

Online Therapists

Photo of Lynn M Acquafondata, LMHC, DMin, MS, Counselor
Lynn M Acquafondata
Counselor, LMHC, DMin, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
If you are dealing with difficult and traumatic events or losses, I am here to help. If you are feeling overwhelmed and unable to cope, I can walk with you and help guide you to a better place emotionally and spiritually. With a creative mix of therapy techniques, wisdom and life experience, I build on your strengths, identify and address root causes, and help you create and work towards a plan to achieve the changes you seek.
If you are dealing with difficult and traumatic events or losses, I am here to help. If you are feeling overwhelmed and unable to cope, I can walk with you and help guide you to a better place emotionally and spiritually. With a creative mix of therapy techniques, wisdom and life experience, I build on your strengths, identify and address root causes, and help you create and work towards a plan to achieve the changes you seek.
(585) 672-9840 View (585) 672-9840
Photo of Douglas Hurlbut, LCSW-R, BC-TMH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Douglas Hurlbut
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Penfield, NY 14526
**I am a Board Certified-Telemental Health Provider who is prepared to provide tele-therapy services**. I have dedicated my over 25-year career to helping those I work with achieve their optimal mental health. I employ an eclectic approach informed by my extensive training in multiple approaches, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (especially Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Solution-Focused Therapy. My focus is individual therapy for those that are age 12 and up, but enjoy working with couples as well.
**I am a Board Certified-Telemental Health Provider who is prepared to provide tele-therapy services**. I have dedicated my over 25-year career to helping those I work with achieve their optimal mental health. I employ an eclectic approach informed by my extensive training in multiple approaches, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (especially Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Solution-Focused Therapy. My focus is individual therapy for those that are age 12 and up, but enjoy working with couples as well.
(585) 598-9711 View (585) 598-9711

See more therapy options for Silver Creek

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Silver Creek, NY

< 10

Therapists in Silver Creek, NY who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Coping Skills
83% Trauma and PTSD
67% Addiction
67% Anger Management
67% Behavioral Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Cigna and Evernorth
80% Aetna
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Silver Creek, NY see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Silver Creek?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.