Therapists in Ruby, NY

Photo of Stephanne Pleshette, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanne Pleshette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ruby, NY 12475  (Online Only)
I have been an individual and family/couples therapist for more than 25 years - It is reassuring to see all the changes that have developed over time. There are so many options for people including brief consultations as well as video sessions. I think people today are more comfortable creating good smart relationships with therapists and are seeking out a good fit. The internet helps with this. For me, a good fit would be someone who is ready for work, has an open mind, and is curious about themselves and interested in making change. I am a clinician who is direct and fairly straIght forward as well as supportive and kind.
I have been an individual and family/couples therapist for more than 25 years - It is reassuring to see all the changes that have developed over time. There are so many options for people including brief consultations as well as video sessions. I think people today are more comfortable creating good smart relationships with therapists and are seeking out a good fit. The internet helps with this. For me, a good fit would be someone who is ready for work, has an open mind, and is curious about themselves and interested in making change. I am a clinician who is direct and fairly straIght forward as well as supportive and kind.
(518) 765-1108 View (518) 765-1108

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Amanda Forste-Hogan, LMSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Forste-Hogan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saugerties, NY 12477
Hi, I’m Amanda! I’m a Licensed Master Social Worker in Kingston, NY. I love helping clients gain insight into coping with our world as it is – experiencing anxiety about the future, grieving all loss and change, and struggling to get needs met in relationships. I can offer a genuine connection and a different kind of therapy experience. One built on your rich life experiences and stories, innovative therapy techniques, and challenging old ideas and ingrained beliefs. I will normalize the experience of negative self-talk, teach strategies to rewrite your internal narrative and build tools for anxiety.
Hi, I’m Amanda! I’m a Licensed Master Social Worker in Kingston, NY. I love helping clients gain insight into coping with our world as it is – experiencing anxiety about the future, grieving all loss and change, and struggling to get needs met in relationships. I can offer a genuine connection and a different kind of therapy experience. One built on your rich life experiences and stories, innovative therapy techniques, and challenging old ideas and ingrained beliefs. I will normalize the experience of negative self-talk, teach strategies to rewrite your internal narrative and build tools for anxiety.
(845) 442-6428 View (845) 442-6428
Photo of Dana Marie Rizzo - Dana Rizzo Psychotherapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Rizzo Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401  (Online Only)
My practice invites you to come as you are and supports the journey home to your conscious, authentic self. My philosophies are positive, humanistic, and relationally-focused. I view humans holistically, as greater than the presence or sum of any part(s), with immense capacity to evolve beyond societally given ego identities. In this age of overzealous rationalism, I pledge the human heart feels most abundant when close and connected to others, not just in our partnerships or families, but within the collective consciousness and community in which we inhabit. The quality of our relationships determines the quality of our lives.
My practice invites you to come as you are and supports the journey home to your conscious, authentic self. My philosophies are positive, humanistic, and relationally-focused. I view humans holistically, as greater than the presence or sum of any part(s), with immense capacity to evolve beyond societally given ego identities. In this age of overzealous rationalism, I pledge the human heart feels most abundant when close and connected to others, not just in our partnerships or families, but within the collective consciousness and community in which we inhabit. The quality of our relationships determines the quality of our lives.
(914) 996-4486 View (914) 996-4486
Photo of Ricky Kriete, LMHC, Counselor
Ricky Kriete
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Woodstock, NY 12498  (Online Only)
Ricky's approach is active, collaborative, and attuned - helping you remain focused while staying flexible within yourself and in relationships. He is trained to provide evidence based psychological services in advanced therapy approaches with underpinnings in emotional neuro-science. Ricky's approach focuses on co-creating a strong dynamic relationship designed to achieve rapid, meaningful, and long lasting change which moves beyond the therapy room. Ricky is also a Certified in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy with Ketamine, MDMA, and Psilocybin (pending FDA approval).
Ricky's approach is active, collaborative, and attuned - helping you remain focused while staying flexible within yourself and in relationships. He is trained to provide evidence based psychological services in advanced therapy approaches with underpinnings in emotional neuro-science. Ricky's approach focuses on co-creating a strong dynamic relationship designed to achieve rapid, meaningful, and long lasting change which moves beyond the therapy room. Ricky is also a Certified in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy with Ketamine, MDMA, and Psilocybin (pending FDA approval).
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Photo of Erin Dudek, MHC-LP
Erin Dudek
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401
I am apart of Cross the Bridge Counseling, a small private practice that focuses on helping clients improve their quality of life through therapy. We offer a Play Therapy program for our child age clients (ages 3-17). I also work with adults, individually, both in-person and virtually. I believe therapy should be a positive, client lead experience focused on empowerment and change. I am looking to help clients who want to improve their daily lives, process past experiences, build self- esteem, and make changes that increase their overall wellness.
I am apart of Cross the Bridge Counseling, a small private practice that focuses on helping clients improve their quality of life through therapy. We offer a Play Therapy program for our child age clients (ages 3-17). I also work with adults, individually, both in-person and virtually. I believe therapy should be a positive, client lead experience focused on empowerment and change. I am looking to help clients who want to improve their daily lives, process past experiences, build self- esteem, and make changes that increase their overall wellness.
(845) 377-4427 View (845) 377-4427
Photo of Emily S Rosen, MSW, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily S Rosen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Woodstock, NY 12498
Therapy provides the space to challenge self defeating beliefs and see oneself more clearly. I offer a safe and non-judgmental environment. My specialties and areas of interest include helping people overcome feeings of shame, depression and anxiety. I'll support you in your life transitions and when you're feeling afraid or unfulfilled. A lot of my work is around relationship challenges of all kinds. My goal is to help you understand and accept yourself. My goal is also to help you learn how to help yourself.
Therapy provides the space to challenge self defeating beliefs and see oneself more clearly. I offer a safe and non-judgmental environment. My specialties and areas of interest include helping people overcome feeings of shame, depression and anxiety. I'll support you in your life transitions and when you're feeling afraid or unfulfilled. A lot of my work is around relationship challenges of all kinds. My goal is to help you understand and accept yourself. My goal is also to help you learn how to help yourself.
(347) 732-5768 View (347) 732-5768
Photo of Thomas Hopper Lange, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Thomas Hopper Lange
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ulster Park, NY 12487  (Online Only)
Does past trauma, worry, sadness, and/or anger prevent you from living fully in the present? If you are here, chances are you answered yes to one or all of the above. Life can be challenging; traumas and fears come in all forms and one is not more important than the next. People that connect with me are diverse and so are their reasons for seeking therapy.
Does past trauma, worry, sadness, and/or anger prevent you from living fully in the present? If you are here, chances are you answered yes to one or all of the above. Life can be challenging; traumas and fears come in all forms and one is not more important than the next. People that connect with me are diverse and so are their reasons for seeking therapy.
(845) 773-1694 View (845) 773-1694
Photo of Madeline Rosensweet, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Madeline Rosensweet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We repeat unwanted behavioral patterns we learned during childhood because it is comfortable and on some level, it feels safe. The focus of my work as a therapist is to help you identify those patterns in your life so you can start to make a conscious decision to shift, and leave behind what isn’t serving you. Together, we will work on developing your self-awareness so you can eliminate the obstacles that stand in the way of your happiness.
We repeat unwanted behavioral patterns we learned during childhood because it is comfortable and on some level, it feels safe. The focus of my work as a therapist is to help you identify those patterns in your life so you can start to make a conscious decision to shift, and leave behind what isn’t serving you. Together, we will work on developing your self-awareness so you can eliminate the obstacles that stand in the way of your happiness.
(914) 862-7985 View (914) 862-7985
Photo of Rachel Levine, LMHC
Rachel Levine
LMHC
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401  (Online Only)
I strive to provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental environment for you to explore the needs you have at the present moment. By utilizing a collaborative and relational approach, I honor each person’s unique story and strengths.
I strive to provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental environment for you to explore the needs you have at the present moment. By utilizing a collaborative and relational approach, I honor each person’s unique story and strengths.
(845) 524-1382 View (845) 524-1382
Photo of Michael Schwalberg, PhD, Psychologist
Michael Schwalberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
Trained at a world renowned Anxiety Disorders treatment and research center (The SUNY Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, now the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders at Boston University), I have specialized in the treatment of anxiety, panic, phobias, OCD and related disorders for over 25 years. I treat adults, adolescents, and children. I have lectured, been a clinical and research consultant, and trained and supervised other mental health professionals in the treatment of these disorders.
Trained at a world renowned Anxiety Disorders treatment and research center (The SUNY Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, now the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders at Boston University), I have specialized in the treatment of anxiety, panic, phobias, OCD and related disorders for over 25 years. I treat adults, adolescents, and children. I have lectured, been a clinical and research consultant, and trained and supervised other mental health professionals in the treatment of these disorders.
(914) 342-7347 View (914) 342-7347
Photo of Susan Krauss, LMSW
Susan Krauss
Master Social Work, LMSW
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
I use mindfulness, energy psychology, EFT, to relieve stress, heal trauma, anxiety, relationships. We work collaboratively, listening to conflicting parts and needs, discovering how to integrate these parts to fulfill your unique potential, talents, and power, learning to recognize and transform blocks to their fulfillment. With those who wish to explore spiritual aspects, we look at the meaning of experience, including mindfulness meditation, teachings from all religions, radical acceptance, emotional intelligence. We work on many levels, from practical decision making; connecting past and present issues; symptom abatement and coping skills, goal setting; to a spiritual search for the authentic self and its means of expression.
I use mindfulness, energy psychology, EFT, to relieve stress, heal trauma, anxiety, relationships. We work collaboratively, listening to conflicting parts and needs, discovering how to integrate these parts to fulfill your unique potential, talents, and power, learning to recognize and transform blocks to their fulfillment. With those who wish to explore spiritual aspects, we look at the meaning of experience, including mindfulness meditation, teachings from all religions, radical acceptance, emotional intelligence. We work on many levels, from practical decision making; connecting past and present issues; symptom abatement and coping skills, goal setting; to a spiritual search for the authentic self and its means of expression.
(845) 393-9316 View (845) 393-9316
Photo of Rob Zorella, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rob Zorella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodstock, NY 12498  (Online Only)
We get so many messages in our lives about what is expected and how we "should" be living; social media, friends, and culture can all provide an idea of what we should be reaching for, which can often feel confusing and frustrating. If we grow up with family dysfunction and trauma, it can seem even more confusing. We struggle with these expectations and somehow still feel we are coming up short. It can become an exhausting pursuit! It gets harder and harder to listen to our own voice, and what our needs are.
We get so many messages in our lives about what is expected and how we "should" be living; social media, friends, and culture can all provide an idea of what we should be reaching for, which can often feel confusing and frustrating. If we grow up with family dysfunction and trauma, it can seem even more confusing. We struggle with these expectations and somehow still feel we are coming up short. It can become an exhausting pursuit! It gets harder and harder to listen to our own voice, and what our needs are.
(929) 362-6944 View (929) 362-6944
Photo of Tonya A Jones, LMHC, Counselor
Tonya A Jones
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401
Are you feeling overwhelmed and find yourself having difficulty focusing on completing daily tasks? Are the people closest to you concerned about your ability to maintain and stay afloat? Have you found that once you finally get a chance to relax you are left with exhaustion and racing thoughts with increased worry?
Are you feeling overwhelmed and find yourself having difficulty focusing on completing daily tasks? Are the people closest to you concerned about your ability to maintain and stay afloat? Have you found that once you finally get a chance to relax you are left with exhaustion and racing thoughts with increased worry?
(914) 350-6906 View (914) 350-6906
Photo of Margaret Lin Ali, MHC-LP
Margaret Lin Ali
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, NY 12401
Welcome! My clinical focus is in supporting women navigating significant life transitions, including entering or exiting a marriage, experiencing pregnancy and postpartum changes, embracing motherhood, undergoing menopause, managing relationship dynamics, transitioning in their careers, and coping with the loss of a loved one. I believe that each transition, while challenging, also offers an opportunity for personal growth and empowerment. With a compassionate approach, I help create a safe space for her clients to explore their feelings and experiences, guiding them to implement meaningful and lasting change.
Welcome! My clinical focus is in supporting women navigating significant life transitions, including entering or exiting a marriage, experiencing pregnancy and postpartum changes, embracing motherhood, undergoing menopause, managing relationship dynamics, transitioning in their careers, and coping with the loss of a loved one. I believe that each transition, while challenging, also offers an opportunity for personal growth and empowerment. With a compassionate approach, I help create a safe space for her clients to explore their feelings and experiences, guiding them to implement meaningful and lasting change.
(845) 940-7507 View (845) 940-7507
Photo of Liz Cooke - Liz Cooke, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liz Cooke, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rhinebeck, NY 12572
At one time or another, any one of us may feel overwhelmed, anxious or depressed. We may feel we are alone in our suffering or going through something no one else can understand. We may turn to drugs, alcohol or reckless behaviors. Our relationships suffer, our identity and self-worth collapse, and the vision we have for a happy, fulfilled future seems impossible to achieve. For many, therapy provides the guidance, skills, support and insight to unravel the source of suffering and change limiting thoughts, beliefs and behaviors into healthy, adaptive ones.
At one time or another, any one of us may feel overwhelmed, anxious or depressed. We may feel we are alone in our suffering or going through something no one else can understand. We may turn to drugs, alcohol or reckless behaviors. Our relationships suffer, our identity and self-worth collapse, and the vision we have for a happy, fulfilled future seems impossible to achieve. For many, therapy provides the guidance, skills, support and insight to unravel the source of suffering and change limiting thoughts, beliefs and behaviors into healthy, adaptive ones.
(917) 809-6239 View (917) 809-6239
Photo of Linda Gutterman - Linda Gutterman, LCSW, OTR, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Gutterman, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, OTR, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rhinebeck, NY 12572
Psychotherapy provides the support and structure to facilitate your ability to make positive changes. I work with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, transitions throughout the life span, parenting concerns, stress at work, school or home. I have an interactive style and I evaluate the needs of each client in order to determine the type of approach that would be most useful. With an eclectic approach the work we do may, for example, include psycho-dynamic and insight oriented work, a problem solving focus, behavior modification or stress management. I may suggest "homework" at times such as a relaxation exercise or a relevant reading.
Psychotherapy provides the support and structure to facilitate your ability to make positive changes. I work with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, transitions throughout the life span, parenting concerns, stress at work, school or home. I have an interactive style and I evaluate the needs of each client in order to determine the type of approach that would be most useful. With an eclectic approach the work we do may, for example, include psycho-dynamic and insight oriented work, a problem solving focus, behavior modification or stress management. I may suggest "homework" at times such as a relaxation exercise or a relevant reading.
(845) 478-4992 View (845) 478-4992
Photo of Kristen A. Nasta, MS, LMHC
Kristen A. Nasta
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
Waitlist for new clients
Do you frequently feel worried, overwhelmed, or stressed? Do you often feel sad, lonely, or angry? Do you wish you had more energy or joy in everyday activities? Do you find difficulty in your relationships with others, struggle with low self-confidence, or want to improve your self-care? Would you benefit from learning more positive thinking, coping skills, meditation techniques, and strategies to better manage life's stressors? Would you like to attract more of what you want in life, increase your mindfulness in the moment, and gain more balance everyday?
Do you frequently feel worried, overwhelmed, or stressed? Do you often feel sad, lonely, or angry? Do you wish you had more energy or joy in everyday activities? Do you find difficulty in your relationships with others, struggle with low self-confidence, or want to improve your self-care? Would you benefit from learning more positive thinking, coping skills, meditation techniques, and strategies to better manage life's stressors? Would you like to attract more of what you want in life, increase your mindfulness in the moment, and gain more balance everyday?
(845) 671-3254 View (845) 671-3254
Photo of Ken Hollander, NCPsyA, CIRT, CGT, MBA, MA, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Ken Hollander
Licensed Psychoanalyst, NCPsyA, CIRT, CGT, MBA, MA
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401
Limited space available for new couples clients. Do you want to improve your communications within a relationship or work on other couples issues? Are you experiencing anxiety or depression; or perhaps you're going through a life, relationship or career transition? Is there a part of you that wants to make things happen for yourself, to create change, to make things better? I am ready to provide a safe and empathetic space for you to explore the many possibilities that are out there for you, and "try on" new ways of experiencing yourself in the world.
Limited space available for new couples clients. Do you want to improve your communications within a relationship or work on other couples issues? Are you experiencing anxiety or depression; or perhaps you're going through a life, relationship or career transition? Is there a part of you that wants to make things happen for yourself, to create change, to make things better? I am ready to provide a safe and empathetic space for you to explore the many possibilities that are out there for you, and "try on" new ways of experiencing yourself in the world.
(917) 993-5028 View (917) 993-5028
Photo of Michaela Murphy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michaela Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kingston, NY 12401  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you experiencing personal or professional challenges & seeking a therapeutic environment where you can feel heard, empowered, safe, & validated? Do you find yourself feeling stuck or anxious in you daily life, grappling with self-worth issues, or struggling to maintain strong relationships? I specialize in working with adolescents, families, parents, & adults who are motivated to make positive changes but require professional support & targeted skill development to regain control in their lives. My goal is to empower you to overcome barriers, gain valuable insights into your behaviors and emotions, & heal from past experiences.
Are you experiencing personal or professional challenges & seeking a therapeutic environment where you can feel heard, empowered, safe, & validated? Do you find yourself feeling stuck or anxious in you daily life, grappling with self-worth issues, or struggling to maintain strong relationships? I specialize in working with adolescents, families, parents, & adults who are motivated to make positive changes but require professional support & targeted skill development to regain control in their lives. My goal is to empower you to overcome barriers, gain valuable insights into your behaviors and emotions, & heal from past experiences.
(845) 552-2456 View (845) 552-2456
Photo of Molly Ryan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Molly Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saugerties, NY 12477  (Online Only)
Sometimes our past can cast shadows that eclipse our hope for a better future and rob us of our joy in the present. Are you grappling with shame and guilt from past wounds? Living in fear-based cycles or struggling with harmful relationship patterns? Feeling stagnant but can't seem to get "unstuck"? Maybe you're seeking a greater sense of peace, balance and inner security? As a dedicated therapist with years of diverse clinical experience, I provide a compassionate, collaborative space that will assist you in understanding past experiences impacting your present reality and developing strategies for meaningful change.
Sometimes our past can cast shadows that eclipse our hope for a better future and rob us of our joy in the present. Are you grappling with shame and guilt from past wounds? Living in fear-based cycles or struggling with harmful relationship patterns? Feeling stagnant but can't seem to get "unstuck"? Maybe you're seeking a greater sense of peace, balance and inner security? As a dedicated therapist with years of diverse clinical experience, I provide a compassionate, collaborative space that will assist you in understanding past experiences impacting your present reality and developing strategies for meaningful change.
(516) 789-2097 View (516) 789-2097

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ruby, NY

< 10

Therapists in Ruby, NY who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Child
100% ADHD
100% Chronic Pain

Average years in practice

27 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Therapists in Ruby, NY see their clients

100% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ruby?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.