Therapists in Lancaster, NY
![Photo of Katie Oberg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0db89161-00b6-4499-8127-f22503412874/1/320x400.jpeg)
Do you struggle with difficult past experiences and memories that affect your ability to function and your relationships? Do you feel exhausted by your body’s reactions to the world around you? Do you wonder if the way you feel, physically and emotionally, every day could be better? Now more than ever, individuals who have experienced trauma are feeling overwhelmed by trying to thrive while navigating distressing experiences from their past. We believe there is hope and answers, even if the trauma you’ve experienced feels especially complex.
Do you struggle with difficult past experiences and memories that affect your ability to function and your relationships? Do you feel exhausted by your body’s reactions to the world around you? Do you wonder if the way you feel, physically and emotionally, every day could be better? Now more than ever, individuals who have experienced trauma are feeling overwhelmed by trying to thrive while navigating distressing experiences from their past. We believe there is hope and answers, even if the trauma you’ve experienced feels especially complex.
![Photo of Sharon Deacon, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a73d6b7c-3943-4627-870f-06952b1970c2/2/320x400.jpeg)
Sharon Deacon
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lancaster, NY 14086 (Online Only)
When your marriage or family is in crisis, you need more than a good listener who understands. You need an expert, with wisdom and experience, who will share knowledge, provide insight, teach skills, and enable experiences that make a real difference. You want someone specifically trained in relationship dynamics who can help you break down issues, overcome barriers, resolve conflicts, and achieve your goals. You value a research-based approach, backed by evidence of effective results. You seek therapy-- treatment intended to relieve your symptoms, heal your relationships, and stimulate positive growth.
When your marriage or family is in crisis, you need more than a good listener who understands. You need an expert, with wisdom and experience, who will share knowledge, provide insight, teach skills, and enable experiences that make a real difference. You want someone specifically trained in relationship dynamics who can help you break down issues, overcome barriers, resolve conflicts, and achieve your goals. You value a research-based approach, backed by evidence of effective results. You seek therapy-- treatment intended to relieve your symptoms, heal your relationships, and stimulate positive growth.
![Photo of Jean Bennett, LMHC, MFT, LC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/712595d9-e2fd-4b3a-88a9-3c49380dcbea/1/320x400.png)
I have experience in helping clients with relationship issues, trauma and abuse, anger management, anxiety, depression, PTSD and LGBTQ+ related issues. I work to create a relaxed, safe environment and one that allows for progress to be made. Counseling is about making changes, some drastic and some subtle.
I have experience in helping clients with relationship issues, trauma and abuse, anger management, anxiety, depression, PTSD and LGBTQ+ related issues. I work to create a relaxed, safe environment and one that allows for progress to be made. Counseling is about making changes, some drastic and some subtle.
![Photo of Stacey Schmid, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1fad9b33-b04a-49d3-af22-f04b9548522e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, anxious, sad? Maybe it's all or none of those emotions, but you cannot quite put your finger on it. You know you can feel better, but you don't quite know where to start. Counseling is a safe space to talk through the feelings, the events, and the triggers to the big (and small) issues in life, and help add effective skills to your life journey.
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, anxious, sad? Maybe it's all or none of those emotions, but you cannot quite put your finger on it. You know you can feel better, but you don't quite know where to start. Counseling is a safe space to talk through the feelings, the events, and the triggers to the big (and small) issues in life, and help add effective skills to your life journey.
![Photo of Joanna Palma, LMHC, MS, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5efd21af-d4b3-489f-8faa-174371e59123/1/320x400.jpeg)
I help adults and teens achieve wellness so that they can lead a confident life without sacrificing their mental wellbeing. When we face new situations such as adjusting to a new relationship, losing someone we care about, making a career change, deciding to go to school, or moving, sometimes it feels overburdening. Feelings of anxiety and depression find their way in and we feel stuck. Beginning your journey in counseling can seem daunting but taking care of our minds is as important as taking care of our bodies.
I help adults and teens achieve wellness so that they can lead a confident life without sacrificing their mental wellbeing. When we face new situations such as adjusting to a new relationship, losing someone we care about, making a career change, deciding to go to school, or moving, sometimes it feels overburdening. Feelings of anxiety and depression find their way in and we feel stuck. Beginning your journey in counseling can seem daunting but taking care of our minds is as important as taking care of our bodies.
![Photo of Gina Wills, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/70387441-dccf-4b5c-b659-0ce265e2c531/1/320x400.jpeg)
My name is Gina Wills, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I have over ten years of experience working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and overwhelming stress. I have experience in working with adolescents and adults. During these years we go through many transitions and life can become overwhelming at times. I have successfully worked with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, and additional stress due to various reasons. My goal is to assist clients in establishing skills to help them alleviate their symptoms and restore inner peace.
My name is Gina Wills, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I have over ten years of experience working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and overwhelming stress. I have experience in working with adolescents and adults. During these years we go through many transitions and life can become overwhelming at times. I have successfully worked with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, and additional stress due to various reasons. My goal is to assist clients in establishing skills to help them alleviate their symptoms and restore inner peace.
![Photo of Pamela Myers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40861ec5-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
What is it like to be growing up in such complicated times? It is no wonder that so many children are suffering from symptoms of anxiety, depression and other challenging behaviors and are in need additional support. Parents and caregivers find themselves in need of assistance to find helpful ways to respond. You are concerned about a child you love who is struggling, and have hope that things can change. I also provide psychotherapy to adults with a variety of mental health issues. There is no need to struggle alone. Let's go forward from here together.
What is it like to be growing up in such complicated times? It is no wonder that so many children are suffering from symptoms of anxiety, depression and other challenging behaviors and are in need additional support. Parents and caregivers find themselves in need of assistance to find helpful ways to respond. You are concerned about a child you love who is struggling, and have hope that things can change. I also provide psychotherapy to adults with a variety of mental health issues. There is no need to struggle alone. Let's go forward from here together.
![Photo of Denise Fuller, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4519831d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Denise Fuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Lancaster, NY 14086
Not accepting new clients
If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals. I counsel adults and couples, to address a variety of concerns including stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and relationship problems. My principle goal is to help you find solutions for living well! I am trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques and use an individualized approach to ensure each person is getting the approach that is right for him, her, or them.
If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals. I counsel adults and couples, to address a variety of concerns including stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and relationship problems. My principle goal is to help you find solutions for living well! I am trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques and use an individualized approach to ensure each person is getting the approach that is right for him, her, or them.
![Photo of Grace I Clark-Burch, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d36fd5f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/5/320x400.jpeg)
Grace I Clark-Burch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, NY 14086
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have over 17 years of experience working with children, adults and families. I have worked in numerous settings including: outpatient, inpatient, residential and detention settings. I have experience and a strong interest in working with folks ages 3 and up. I have developed a proficiency in treating issues of attachment, loss, anxiety, depression, ADHD, Trauma, foster care or adoption, identity struggles, juvenile offenders, those who self-injure and many different behavioral disorders as well as the associated parenting difficulties.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have over 17 years of experience working with children, adults and families. I have worked in numerous settings including: outpatient, inpatient, residential and detention settings. I have experience and a strong interest in working with folks ages 3 and up. I have developed a proficiency in treating issues of attachment, loss, anxiety, depression, ADHD, Trauma, foster care or adoption, identity struggles, juvenile offenders, those who self-injure and many different behavioral disorders as well as the associated parenting difficulties.
![Photo of Erin M Ruston, MSEd, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fdf67cf7-9114-4082-9d3d-138455759a7a/1/320x400.jpeg)
Erin M Ruston
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lancaster, NY 14086
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with communication, lack of intimacy, feeling stagnant, or feel like you are living with a roommate and not a partner? I would love to work with you to explore how to improve your relationship in a variety of ways. I can help you explore the barriers within your relationship and how to improve communication, fair fighting, work through infidelity, and heighten sex/intimacy, both physically and emotionally.
Are you struggling with communication, lack of intimacy, feeling stagnant, or feel like you are living with a roommate and not a partner? I would love to work with you to explore how to improve your relationship in a variety of ways. I can help you explore the barriers within your relationship and how to improve communication, fair fighting, work through infidelity, and heighten sex/intimacy, both physically and emotionally.
![Photo of Deanna DeAngelis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3f4b0152-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Deanna DeAngelis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, NY 14086 (Online Only)
If you are struggling with anxiety, trauma and ptsd, or need couples counseling, I will compassionately provide a holistic framework for you to heal. Sometimes negative experiences can make you feel stuck and frustrated, like you are working so hard, but not getting anywhere. It can be stressful trying to find someone you can relate to, and who understands what you are going through. You CAN experience the love and life you deserve. I will provide open mindedness, warmth, intuition, humor, and many years of experience helping people just like you. Please call me so we can discuss your concerns, and start this journey together.
If you are struggling with anxiety, trauma and ptsd, or need couples counseling, I will compassionately provide a holistic framework for you to heal. Sometimes negative experiences can make you feel stuck and frustrated, like you are working so hard, but not getting anywhere. It can be stressful trying to find someone you can relate to, and who understands what you are going through. You CAN experience the love and life you deserve. I will provide open mindedness, warmth, intuition, humor, and many years of experience helping people just like you. Please call me so we can discuss your concerns, and start this journey together.
Traumatic experiences have an effect on all members of the family. Sometimes what we once thought our lives would look like, turned out to be different down the road. We all need support and guidance at times and reaching out is step one in your journey to become emotionally stronger. In a safe & private setting, I will help you find that better place, so you can find a sense of peace to move forward in the next phase of your life. My approach is direct and nonjudgmental and I have helped many clients who struggled with living healthier, productive lives.
Traumatic experiences have an effect on all members of the family. Sometimes what we once thought our lives would look like, turned out to be different down the road. We all need support and guidance at times and reaching out is step one in your journey to become emotionally stronger. In a safe & private setting, I will help you find that better place, so you can find a sense of peace to move forward in the next phase of your life. My approach is direct and nonjudgmental and I have helped many clients who struggled with living healthier, productive lives.
![Photo of Kelly Mccall - Healing Hearts Counseling Center, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9c5af9df-29d0-44fc-abfd-0413f1f35797/3/320x400.jpeg)
Healing Hearts Counseling Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Lancaster, NY 14086
In life, there are times when it's beneficial to talk with someone who can assist you in reaching a place of growth and peace. We understand how difficult it can be to reach out for help. We are committed to honoring your bravery while we walk with you on your journey to healing. At Healing Hearts, we will never ask you to explain what is "wrong" with you. Instead, we will explore reasons why you're experiencing your current struggle and find ways to best work on resolving them while honoring your story, your strength, and your resilience.
In life, there are times when it's beneficial to talk with someone who can assist you in reaching a place of growth and peace. We understand how difficult it can be to reach out for help. We are committed to honoring your bravery while we walk with you on your journey to healing. At Healing Hearts, we will never ask you to explain what is "wrong" with you. Instead, we will explore reasons why you're experiencing your current struggle and find ways to best work on resolving them while honoring your story, your strength, and your resilience.
![Photo of Ashley Schimenti, LMHC, MA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4932ad86-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Ashley Schimenti
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lancaster, NY 14086
Not accepting new clients
Please contact me via email. Are you a woman struggling with anxiety, depression or relationship issues? I can help. I help women sort through their feelings and concerns. It is possible to feel better. In a judgement free environment, you will be welcomed to express your feelings, needs and struggles. Together we will work through your concerns and develop ways to navigate the ups and downs of life.
Please contact me via email. Are you a woman struggling with anxiety, depression or relationship issues? I can help. I help women sort through their feelings and concerns. It is possible to feel better. In a judgement free environment, you will be welcomed to express your feelings, needs and struggles. Together we will work through your concerns and develop ways to navigate the ups and downs of life.
Ann Chojnacki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, NY 14086
There are a lot of people who move through life in emotional pain. I am an EMDR trained therapist who specializes in helping you understand the impact that life events have on your current thoughts and behaviors. Once this understanding is created it allows us to move forward with treatment that creates a pathway for improved mental health and inner peace. I also help you to understand the relationships in your life, improve communication and manage the interactions.
There are a lot of people who move through life in emotional pain. I am an EMDR trained therapist who specializes in helping you understand the impact that life events have on your current thoughts and behaviors. Once this understanding is created it allows us to move forward with treatment that creates a pathway for improved mental health and inner peace. I also help you to understand the relationships in your life, improve communication and manage the interactions.
![Photo of Jeffrey Fazzino, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c04c6508-74ad-4d27-ae3d-2d4163f27e89/2/320x400.jpeg)
Now offering video, phone and in-person sessions! I am clinical mental health counselor specializing in depression, anxiety, and marital/relationship concerns. My practice is currently accepting new clients and I am excited about working with new individuals. I offer counseling services to adolescents, adults, families, and couples. We will work in a collaborative relationship to get your needs met. Counseling involves exploring thoughts, feelings and behaviors in order to improve clients lives. If you are looking for a new and unique opportunity to explore yourself, contact me for more information on counseling services.
Now offering video, phone and in-person sessions! I am clinical mental health counselor specializing in depression, anxiety, and marital/relationship concerns. My practice is currently accepting new clients and I am excited about working with new individuals. I offer counseling services to adolescents, adults, families, and couples. We will work in a collaborative relationship to get your needs met. Counseling involves exploring thoughts, feelings and behaviors in order to improve clients lives. If you are looking for a new and unique opportunity to explore yourself, contact me for more information on counseling services.
![Photo of Bruce J. Pace, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d60d4dfd-6ab3-4142-ad44-30af6986afd8/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a generalist in that I will work with most problems. My approach is Cognitive-Behavioral. I work to help individuals, families, and children to adjust their lives so they are more comfortable and in control of behaviors and emotions. I have found that active participation in setting goals and in tracking progress is important and part of the best way to change. Areas of interest include: depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, relationship problems, and parenting difficulties.
I am a generalist in that I will work with most problems. My approach is Cognitive-Behavioral. I work to help individuals, families, and children to adjust their lives so they are more comfortable and in control of behaviors and emotions. I have found that active participation in setting goals and in tracking progress is important and part of the best way to change. Areas of interest include: depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, relationship problems, and parenting difficulties.
![Photo of Amanda Polino, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/44021219-6611-4797-95d3-165df1bc0a3d/3/320x400.jpeg)
Amanda Polino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, NY 14086
Not accepting new clients
* I am not accepting new clients at this time * Are you are a young woman struggling with daily anxiety? As a result you’re having problems in your relationships, work/school, or even daily tasks? If the stress you’re carrying is taking away today’s peace, you may benefit from learning specific tools to better manage each day. I treat woman dealing with anxiety, depression, low self-worth, life changes/stressors and relationship problems.
* I am not accepting new clients at this time * Are you are a young woman struggling with daily anxiety? As a result you’re having problems in your relationships, work/school, or even daily tasks? If the stress you’re carrying is taking away today’s peace, you may benefit from learning specific tools to better manage each day. I treat woman dealing with anxiety, depression, low self-worth, life changes/stressors and relationship problems.
![Photo of Alexandra Wolf, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3e73ea12-ad0d-44dc-a7aa-0c16b4dfaec9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Sometimes in life we find ourselves looking for a change or improvement but are unsure of how to go about doing so. My mission is to join you in creating a safe, non-judgmental space to conquer life’s challenges. Whether you want to find joy again, build self-esteem, improve your interpersonal relationships or identify tools to deal with life stressors, together we can develop an individualized plan to meet your goals. My approach to therapy is collaborative, direct, and compassionate. I often combine cognitive behavioral therapy, person centered therapy, and solution focused techniques based on individual need and therapy goals.
Sometimes in life we find ourselves looking for a change or improvement but are unsure of how to go about doing so. My mission is to join you in creating a safe, non-judgmental space to conquer life’s challenges. Whether you want to find joy again, build self-esteem, improve your interpersonal relationships or identify tools to deal with life stressors, together we can develop an individualized plan to meet your goals. My approach to therapy is collaborative, direct, and compassionate. I often combine cognitive behavioral therapy, person centered therapy, and solution focused techniques based on individual need and therapy goals.
![Photo of Kim Emminger - Hillview Mental Health Counseling PLLC, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/25c8c7d5-0d0d-4fd9-ab1c-b56ab2a69c3b/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am passionate about working with grief and loss clients, working through Trauma and PTSD, Co-occurring mental health Issues and womens issues across the lifespan. I utilizes CBT, DBT, Schema, ACT, Solution Focused, Motivational Interviewing and EMDR treatment modalities.
I am passionate about working with grief and loss clients, working through Trauma and PTSD, Co-occurring mental health Issues and womens issues across the lifespan. I utilizes CBT, DBT, Schema, ACT, Solution Focused, Motivational Interviewing and EMDR treatment modalities.
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Number of Therapists in Lancaster, NY
40+
Average cost per session
$125
Therapists in Lancaster, NY who prioritize treating:
93% | Anxiety |
83% | Depression |
79% | Coping Skills |
79% | Self Esteem |
74% | Trauma and PTSD |
71% | Relationship Issues |
67% | Stress |
Average years in practice
12 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
73% | Aetna |
61% | Highmark BCBS of Western New York |
58% | Independent Health |
How Therapists in Lancaster, NY see their clients
79% | In Person and Online | |
21% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
80% | Female | |
20% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Lancaster?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.