Trauma and PTSD Therapists in East Norwich, NY

Photo of Jennifer Atlas, MA, MFA, LCAT, CLAT, ATR-BC, Art Therapist
Jennifer Atlas
Art Therapist, MA, MFA, LCAT, CLAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
East Norwich, NY 11732
My approach is integrative, and trauma informed, combining art therapy and talk therapy with EMDR, mindfulness, and somatic practices.
Slowing down is hard when our lives are busy, and we feel out of balance—it can feel like there is very little time to work on ourselves.  Therapy is about creating space for positive change. When we do manage to slow down and make room for ourselves, we can grow and create lasting adjustments that make our lives more balanced.  Entering therapy provides that space and opportunity. I work collaboratively with my clients, providing a safe and non-judgmental space to explore issues, gain perspective, develop new and creative coping skills, and strengthen one’s relationship with themselves and with others.
My approach is integrative, and trauma informed, combining art therapy and talk therapy with EMDR, mindfulness, and somatic practices.
Slowing down is hard when our lives are busy, and we feel out of balance—it can feel like there is very little time to work on ourselves.  Therapy is about creating space for positive change. When we do manage to slow down and make room for ourselves, we can grow and create lasting adjustments that make our lives more balanced.  Entering therapy provides that space and opportunity. I work collaboratively with my clients, providing a safe and non-judgmental space to explore issues, gain perspective, develop new and creative coping skills, and strengthen one’s relationship with themselves and with others.
(516) 558-5572 View (516) 558-5572
Photo of Kirsten Lesch - Modern Therapy New York, MSW, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Modern Therapy New York
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSW, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
East Norwich, NY 11732
I treat individual and couples issues, relationship and sexual concerns, anxiety, trauma, stress management, women's issues, and career uncertainty, Kirsten has been trained in CBT, EMDR and Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy.
You deserve a life that feels good. We know that even good relationships can get stuck in unhealthy patterns. Do you find that when you are trying to connect with your partner you end up in a cycle of communication that's not helpful or productive? Do you retreat and silence it until next time? There is always next time… Maybe this time they will understand…we become louder in hopes they see how hurt we are.The more we aren't seen and heard the more resentful we become. The explosions become more significant and the intimacy ceases, now you are just resentful roommates.— It doesn't have to be this way.
I treat individual and couples issues, relationship and sexual concerns, anxiety, trauma, stress management, women's issues, and career uncertainty, Kirsten has been trained in CBT, EMDR and Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy.
You deserve a life that feels good. We know that even good relationships can get stuck in unhealthy patterns. Do you find that when you are trying to connect with your partner you end up in a cycle of communication that's not helpful or productive? Do you retreat and silence it until next time? There is always next time… Maybe this time they will understand…we become louder in hopes they see how hurt we are.The more we aren't seen and heard the more resentful we become. The explosions become more significant and the intimacy ceases, now you are just resentful roommates.— It doesn't have to be this way.
(646) 630-1315 View (646) 630-1315
Photo of Dr. John Castronova, PsyD, LMHC, Counselor
Dr. John Castronova
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Having difficulty with school, work, and/or your relationships? We can work together to overcome these challenges. Let us help you develop the skills needed to create a more secure sense of self and greater confidence in your everyday life.
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Having difficulty with school, work, and/or your relationships? We can work together to overcome these challenges. Let us help you develop the skills needed to create a more secure sense of self and greater confidence in your everyday life.
(516) 407-7011 View (516) 407-7011
Photo of Patricia Traynor, LCSW-R, CLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Traynor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CLC
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Do you have feelings of sadness, anger, or dealing with overwhelming stress? Do you feel isolated, trapped, or alone? Confronting problems and making changes can be scary. But consider the rewards!! Are you ready to experience a sense of peace, balance and freedom. By partnering together, we will explore and develop attainable goals that will bring you personal and professional growth. Take the first step, call or email me for a free consultation.
Do you have feelings of sadness, anger, or dealing with overwhelming stress? Do you feel isolated, trapped, or alone? Confronting problems and making changes can be scary. But consider the rewards!! Are you ready to experience a sense of peace, balance and freedom. By partnering together, we will explore and develop attainable goals that will bring you personal and professional growth. Take the first step, call or email me for a free consultation.
(516) 252-3106 View (516) 252-3106
Photo of Elizabeth Libby Kahl - Libby Kahl, LMHC, LMHC, Counselor
Libby Kahl, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732  (Online Only)
**I am only virtual** Are you looking to find the best version of yourself? Let's restore your mental balance together. Do you need help setting or accomplishing your goals? Whether you need help with a mental illness or negative thinking, I can offer my professional guidance to help you make the changes needed to improve the quality of your life. I can offer you a peaceful environment to process your feelings and help keep you accountable and motivated!
**I am only virtual** Are you looking to find the best version of yourself? Let's restore your mental balance together. Do you need help setting or accomplishing your goals? Whether you need help with a mental illness or negative thinking, I can offer my professional guidance to help you make the changes needed to improve the quality of your life. I can offer you a peaceful environment to process your feelings and help keep you accountable and motivated!
(631) 406-5176 View (631) 406-5176
Photo of Sephora Baron, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sephora Baron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(203) 427-0421 View (203) 427-0421
Photo of Scott Gillet, LCSW, LMFT, CNT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Gillet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CNT
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(475) 252-8010 View (475) 252-8010
Photo of Daniel DiTieri, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daniel DiTieri
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(203) 587-8361 View (203) 587-8361
Photo of Elizabeth Crossfield, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Crossfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(203) 344-7562 View (203) 344-7562
Photo of Dr. Brant Anderson, PhD, JD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Brant Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, JD
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(475) 244-9409 View (475) 244-9409
Photo of Sage Williamson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sage Williamson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(203) 408-6125 View (203) 408-6125
Photo of Charles Andrew Opsahl, PhD, Psychologist
Charles Andrew Opsahl
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
East Norwich, NY 11732
Are you missing appreciation? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Are you fighting more than enjoying each other? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I am easy to talk to and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Are you fighting more than enjoying each other? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I am easy to talk to and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(203) 350-7838 View (203) 350-7838

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Abigail Ridgeway, MHC-LP
Abigail Ridgeway
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melville, NY 11775
She has experience working with Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Intimate Partner and Family Violence, Chronic Stress, Life Transitions, Identity Exploration, School Refusal, and Climate/Eco-Anxiety.
Abby is a Mental Health Counselor who appreciates the complexities of the Individuals, Couples, and Families (10 years old and above) that she works with. Her clinical practice is comprised of compassion, curiosity, and an understanding of the systems that individuals engage with. Abby prioritizes collaboration with all her clients to create a unique therapeutic space that is tailored specifically to their needs and comfort levels.
She has experience working with Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Intimate Partner and Family Violence, Chronic Stress, Life Transitions, Identity Exploration, School Refusal, and Climate/Eco-Anxiety.
Abby is a Mental Health Counselor who appreciates the complexities of the Individuals, Couples, and Families (10 years old and above) that she works with. Her clinical practice is comprised of compassion, curiosity, and an understanding of the systems that individuals engage with. Abby prioritizes collaboration with all her clients to create a unique therapeutic space that is tailored specifically to their needs and comfort levels.
(646) 907-6262 View (646) 907-6262
Photo of Bree Riley, LMSW
Bree Riley
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Mill Neck, NY 11765
My specialty is holding space for those within the LGBTQIA+ communities. My goal is to provide gender-affirming, culturally humble, and trauma-informed care to all my clients. My clients and I work together to explore their depression, anxiety, interpersonal communication, religious trauma, and chronic illnesses like HIV.
My specialty is holding space for those within the LGBTQIA+ communities. My goal is to provide gender-affirming, culturally humble, and trauma-informed care to all my clients. My clients and I work together to explore their depression, anxiety, interpersonal communication, religious trauma, and chronic illnesses like HIV.
(718) 289-4992 View (718) 289-4992
Photo of Leslie Reed Shields, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leslie Reed Shields
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Syosset, NY 11773
My psychotherapy practice is informed by formal training in contemplative and psychodynamic therapies, valuing health and wellness. My framework is a natural outcome of my own ongoing therapeutic work and developing spiritual practice, allowing me to more fluently move between the spiritual language of love and compassion and the psychological language of emotional distress and resiliency. The focus is on the here and now, understanding that your early developmental experiences affect your present feelings, mood, and behavior, often masking your natural capacity for well-being. Those experiencing life changes, challenges, transitions, such as loss and grief, anxiety, depression, trauma, divorce, work-related issues would benefit.
My psychotherapy practice is informed by formal training in contemplative and psychodynamic therapies, valuing health and wellness. My framework is a natural outcome of my own ongoing therapeutic work and developing spiritual practice, allowing me to more fluently move between the spiritual language of love and compassion and the psychological language of emotional distress and resiliency. The focus is on the here and now, understanding that your early developmental experiences affect your present feelings, mood, and behavior, often masking your natural capacity for well-being. Those experiencing life changes, challenges, transitions, such as loss and grief, anxiety, depression, trauma, divorce, work-related issues would benefit.
(516) 252-0595 View (516) 252-0595
Photo of Christine Mammes, LMHC, ERYT, Counselor
Christine Mammes
Counselor, LMHC, ERYT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Syosset, NY 11791
I work with people dealing with issues that include anxiety, anger, trauma, depression, grief, relationship, body image, and adjustment issues.
I am a warm and inviting therapist that has created a sacred space with your healing in mind. I offer my clients the elements that I find most valuable in any therapeutic relationship; support, encouragement, empathic listening, interaction, collaboration, and trust. With a varied toolbox and skill set that we can draw upon, I enjoy blending evidence based practices with more creative approaches when called for. Some clients are open to including mind/ body based practices in their work with me while others may pursue a more traditional route. Ultimately, we will work collaboratively on the issues you are facing.
I work with people dealing with issues that include anxiety, anger, trauma, depression, grief, relationship, body image, and adjustment issues.
I am a warm and inviting therapist that has created a sacred space with your healing in mind. I offer my clients the elements that I find most valuable in any therapeutic relationship; support, encouragement, empathic listening, interaction, collaboration, and trust. With a varied toolbox and skill set that we can draw upon, I enjoy blending evidence based practices with more creative approaches when called for. Some clients are open to including mind/ body based practices in their work with me while others may pursue a more traditional route. Ultimately, we will work collaboratively on the issues you are facing.
(516) 261-6263 View (516) 261-6263
Photo of Elizabeth O'Keefe-Morse, PsyD, Psychologist
Elizabeth O'Keefe-Morse
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Syosset, NY 11773  (Online Only)
I am a trauma informed therapist who offers an inclusive, safe space to process life's challenges.
When you feel anxious, overwhelmed, or mentally stuck, it can impact every aspect of your life. These difficult emotions can get in the way of experiencing and participating in your life the way you want to. I specialize in helping people cope with anxiety, depression, and the effects of trauma. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and mindfulness strategies to teach new ways to cope with painful thoughts and feelings.
I am a trauma informed therapist who offers an inclusive, safe space to process life's challenges.
When you feel anxious, overwhelmed, or mentally stuck, it can impact every aspect of your life. These difficult emotions can get in the way of experiencing and participating in your life the way you want to. I specialize in helping people cope with anxiety, depression, and the effects of trauma. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and mindfulness strategies to teach new ways to cope with painful thoughts and feelings.
(516) 277-6121 View (516) 277-6121
Photo of Kristen Filaski, PsyD, Psychologist
Kristen Filaski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Syosset, NY 11791
Life stress? Relationship stress? Anxiety? Depression? There are various reasons why people choose to enter therapy. For some, the choice to see a therapist emerges slowly as they recognize their ability to function in life is either not where they want it to be or is deteriorating. Their coping mechanisms begin to breakdown as they become overwhelmed with negative emotions. Others may seek therapy from a more positive place and might be more interested in self-exploration. Our developmental and life experiences may include traumatic memories. As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) I can help you to process and heal.
Life stress? Relationship stress? Anxiety? Depression? There are various reasons why people choose to enter therapy. For some, the choice to see a therapist emerges slowly as they recognize their ability to function in life is either not where they want it to be or is deteriorating. Their coping mechanisms begin to breakdown as they become overwhelmed with negative emotions. Others may seek therapy from a more positive place and might be more interested in self-exploration. Our developmental and life experiences may include traumatic memories. As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) I can help you to process and heal.
(631) 458-1305 View (631) 458-1305
Photo of Alison Marie Diaz-Perez, LMHC, Counselor
Alison Marie Diaz-Perez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Syosset, NY 11791  (Online Only)
I am certified in EMDR levels I & II, which has given me the ability to approach treatment with a focus on addressing unprocessed trauma, in tandem with psychodynamic.
Healing begins the moment we start to feel heard. As someone who has undergone her own adversities, I can sincerely say that I know how elusive achieving change and growth can be, but I also know that change is possible. Navigating through the difficulties and stressors that life inevitably brings us can be challenging and difficult to do alone. I am a motivated and compassionate therapist who utilizes evidence-based counseling techniques to help my clients work towards change, growth, and self-discovery.
I am certified in EMDR levels I & II, which has given me the ability to approach treatment with a focus on addressing unprocessed trauma, in tandem with psychodynamic.
Healing begins the moment we start to feel heard. As someone who has undergone her own adversities, I can sincerely say that I know how elusive achieving change and growth can be, but I also know that change is possible. Navigating through the difficulties and stressors that life inevitably brings us can be challenging and difficult to do alone. I am a motivated and compassionate therapist who utilizes evidence-based counseling techniques to help my clients work towards change, growth, and self-discovery.
(516) 604-3512 View (516) 604-3512
Photo of Simona Noaghiul Yland, MD, MPH, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Simona Noaghiul Yland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MD, MPH, LMFT
Verified Verified
Syosset, NY 11773
Complex trauma specific treatment modalities EMDR, IFS, SE, AEDP make our work targeted as well as supportive.
Finding the right psychotherapist is challenging and can be a lengthy process. Once the search is completed and the therapy is under way, it will become rewarding and healing. My approach to psychotherapy is mindful, accepting and supportive. Trained in individual, couple, and family therapy, complex trauma, as well as clinical medicine and public health epidemiology, I provide treatment from an individualized integrative perspective, based on what is most beneficial to each person. My cultural and crosscultural perspectives allow me to factor in the cultural impact on human behavior.
Complex trauma specific treatment modalities EMDR, IFS, SE, AEDP make our work targeted as well as supportive.
Finding the right psychotherapist is challenging and can be a lengthy process. Once the search is completed and the therapy is under way, it will become rewarding and healing. My approach to psychotherapy is mindful, accepting and supportive. Trained in individual, couple, and family therapy, complex trauma, as well as clinical medicine and public health epidemiology, I provide treatment from an individualized integrative perspective, based on what is most beneficial to each person. My cultural and crosscultural perspectives allow me to factor in the cultural impact on human behavior.
(631) 850-3051 View (631) 850-3051

See more therapy options for East Norwich

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.