Therapists in Washoe County, NV

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Photo of Caitlyn Wallace, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caitlyn Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89503
It takes courage to open the door to change and possibility. While therapy isn't actual magic, it can do remarkable things for those ready to make changes in their lives. I believe in "human first, therapist second" and bring warmth, openness, and compassion to the therapeutic relationship. I have specialized training in perinatal mental health, child and pregnancy-related grief and loss, and trauma. I utilize ACT, somatics, mindfulness, parts work, and EMDR. I am an eco-aware practitioner. I help my clients connect with themselves whatever season they are in, engage in self-discovery, develop radical self-compassion & find meaning.
It takes courage to open the door to change and possibility. While therapy isn't actual magic, it can do remarkable things for those ready to make changes in their lives. I believe in "human first, therapist second" and bring warmth, openness, and compassion to the therapeutic relationship. I have specialized training in perinatal mental health, child and pregnancy-related grief and loss, and trauma. I utilize ACT, somatics, mindfulness, parts work, and EMDR. I am an eco-aware practitioner. I help my clients connect with themselves whatever season they are in, engage in self-discovery, develop radical self-compassion & find meaning.
(775) 242-6808 View (775) 242-6808
Photo of Nicole Bendayan, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole Bendayan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
I am dedicated to helping individuals; children, youth, adults and elders, find more fulfillment and ease in their lives. You may have feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, or sadness or loss. These low points can be scary and painful, but they can also be incredible opportunities for growth and healing. Having support at these times can be very valuable. I also have extensive experience working with individuals, children through adults, to support healing through grief. I will help you feel safe and supported as we do this work together. Everyone has a story that is unfolding and together we will tend to the parts that need attention.
I am dedicated to helping individuals; children, youth, adults and elders, find more fulfillment and ease in their lives. You may have feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, or sadness or loss. These low points can be scary and painful, but they can also be incredible opportunities for growth and healing. Having support at these times can be very valuable. I also have extensive experience working with individuals, children through adults, to support healing through grief. I will help you feel safe and supported as we do this work together. Everyone has a story that is unfolding and together we will tend to the parts that need attention.
(775) 557-0583 View (775) 557-0583
Charla A Rush
Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
I have worked in the addiction field for 20 years. I focus on changing behaviors, and mindset along with focusing on the reason behind self medicating. I am client centered and focus on individual need and stage of recovery or abstinence.
I have worked in the addiction field for 20 years. I focus on changing behaviors, and mindset along with focusing on the reason behind self medicating. I am client centered and focus on individual need and stage of recovery or abstinence.
(775) 242-7875 View (775) 242-7875
Photo of Meri L Shadley, PhD, MFT, LCADC, LCS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Meri L Shadley
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, LCADC, LCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509
With over 40 years experience working with families, couples, and individuals, I have in-depth knowledge about strengthening relationships, utilizing one's personal and family resiliency, improving self efficacy and empowering people to find their personal path and voice. Many of my clients are dealing with the aftermath of addiction, loss, trauma, violence, and betrayal. I attempt to assist people to understand the jigsaw puzzle of life in order to feel, think, and behave more congruently with their inner self while improving their significant relationships.
With over 40 years experience working with families, couples, and individuals, I have in-depth knowledge about strengthening relationships, utilizing one's personal and family resiliency, improving self efficacy and empowering people to find their personal path and voice. Many of my clients are dealing with the aftermath of addiction, loss, trauma, violence, and betrayal. I attempt to assist people to understand the jigsaw puzzle of life in order to feel, think, and behave more congruently with their inner self while improving their significant relationships.
(775) 574-4764 View (775) 574-4764
Photo of Barbara Hudson, MFT, LADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Barbara Hudson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89509
Not accepting new clients
I help individuals and couples learn to change the way they think about problems to create healthier, happier lives. We'll work on replacing distorted, negative beliefs that may be hampering your personal growth and relationships. Learning about your attachment style can also help you understand your emotional needs in relationship and why you and your partner can feel so out of sync at times.
I help individuals and couples learn to change the way they think about problems to create healthier, happier lives. We'll work on replacing distorted, negative beliefs that may be hampering your personal growth and relationships. Learning about your attachment style can also help you understand your emotional needs in relationship and why you and your partner can feel so out of sync at times.
(775) 242-7053 View (775) 242-7053
Photo of Juli Anne Baines - Inner Journeys Therapy, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Inner Journeys Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
We are all on a journey in life.Family, work, relationships, marriage, kids...need I say more? There are times in life when we feel stressed beyond repair, helpless, maybe even hopeless. During these difficult times it can be hard to ask for help. If you make the first step, I'll come along side of you and aid in your your journey towards health, balance, and happiness. I assist individuals, couples, families, and children through difficult situations with understanding, acceptance, and with genuine caring. I will collaborate with you to help guide your journey, as we work together to find health and wellness.
We are all on a journey in life.Family, work, relationships, marriage, kids...need I say more? There are times in life when we feel stressed beyond repair, helpless, maybe even hopeless. During these difficult times it can be hard to ask for help. If you make the first step, I'll come along side of you and aid in your your journey towards health, balance, and happiness. I assist individuals, couples, families, and children through difficult situations with understanding, acceptance, and with genuine caring. I will collaborate with you to help guide your journey, as we work together to find health and wellness.
(775) 319-4550 View (775) 319-4550
Photo of Dr. Jena Casas, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Jena Casas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89521
I work with people who are ready to take control of their mental health, experience relief, and build resilience. My treatment philosophy is "together, forward" and I work with you to neutralize emotional pain, transform negative thoughts into an empowering growth mindset, and replace problematic reactions with healthy habits. I believe treatment should be goal-oriented, time-limited, and cost-effective and you can expect to develop specific goals, regularly track progress, and train outside of session to ensure therapy is working.
I work with people who are ready to take control of their mental health, experience relief, and build resilience. My treatment philosophy is "together, forward" and I work with you to neutralize emotional pain, transform negative thoughts into an empowering growth mindset, and replace problematic reactions with healthy habits. I believe treatment should be goal-oriented, time-limited, and cost-effective and you can expect to develop specific goals, regularly track progress, and train outside of session to ensure therapy is working.
(775) 535-6578 View (775) 535-6578
Photo of Melanie Wilkins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Wilkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89511
Welcome and congratulations on taking that very first step in seeking help. In this moment you may be feeling stuck or hopeless, maybe you have tried and tried and just can’t seem to get unstuck. Maybe you just had the same argument with your teenager, partner or coparent for the hundredth time and are feeling discouraged and defeated. Maybe you keep hearing about old trauma on social media and are wondering what that is all about. Maybe you are pregnant or in your first year post partum and are struggling to cope and manage it all. Whatever it is for you, I look forward to collaborating with you to find hope solutions and healing.
Welcome and congratulations on taking that very first step in seeking help. In this moment you may be feeling stuck or hopeless, maybe you have tried and tried and just can’t seem to get unstuck. Maybe you just had the same argument with your teenager, partner or coparent for the hundredth time and are feeling discouraged and defeated. Maybe you keep hearing about old trauma on social media and are wondering what that is all about. Maybe you are pregnant or in your first year post partum and are struggling to cope and manage it all. Whatever it is for you, I look forward to collaborating with you to find hope solutions and healing.
(775) 251-9126 View (775) 251-9126
Photo of Cindy M Engel, MSW, LCSW, CCTP2, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cindy M Engel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP2
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89521
Everyone deserves to experience the wonderful things life has to offer. In order to experience love, happiness, and fulfillment, you sometimes have to be willing to explore solutions and other ways of thinking. New and exciting opportunities are ahead of you! No matter where you are now, no matter what happened in your life, you can change your life. I would like the honor of traveling with you on this journey towards healing. I offer a nonjudgmental, caring, and direct approach to help you create your destiny. I have over 25 years experience working with adults, families, teens, and the elderly.
Everyone deserves to experience the wonderful things life has to offer. In order to experience love, happiness, and fulfillment, you sometimes have to be willing to explore solutions and other ways of thinking. New and exciting opportunities are ahead of you! No matter where you are now, no matter what happened in your life, you can change your life. I would like the honor of traveling with you on this journey towards healing. I offer a nonjudgmental, caring, and direct approach to help you create your destiny. I have over 25 years experience working with adults, families, teens, and the elderly.
(775) 571-6088 View (775) 571-6088
Photo of Lisa May, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa May
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89521
Being vulnerable is hard. However, with vulnerability comes healing. The most important part of healing our emotional wounds is having the courage to open up again. It is our willingness to show up as we are and to trust in and accept the help being offered that will ultimately lead us to the path of healing. As your clinician, I will meet you exactly where you are on this path. You can expect to be met with a compassionate, empathetic, and committed response to your care needs.
Being vulnerable is hard. However, with vulnerability comes healing. The most important part of healing our emotional wounds is having the courage to open up again. It is our willingness to show up as we are and to trust in and accept the help being offered that will ultimately lead us to the path of healing. As your clinician, I will meet you exactly where you are on this path. You can expect to be met with a compassionate, empathetic, and committed response to your care needs.
(775) 204-4820 View (775) 204-4820
Photo of Leslie Delacruz, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leslie Delacruz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89509
Waitlist for new clients
I've always believed that my own life's journey and experiences have uniquely prepared me in my desire to help others. I am passionate about working with survivors of trauma. I believe each of us has within us, the ability to heal and grow from any difficulty life hands us. Sometimes we just need the guidance of a caring and competent therapist to carry us through. We all desire to feel safe, seen, and supported when we are our most vulnerable selves. My hope is to provide this kind of therapeutic alliance with my clients. One where the client knows best and I am but a trusted ally on their journey toward better health.
I've always believed that my own life's journey and experiences have uniquely prepared me in my desire to help others. I am passionate about working with survivors of trauma. I believe each of us has within us, the ability to heal and grow from any difficulty life hands us. Sometimes we just need the guidance of a caring and competent therapist to carry us through. We all desire to feel safe, seen, and supported when we are our most vulnerable selves. My hope is to provide this kind of therapeutic alliance with my clients. One where the client knows best and I am but a trusted ally on their journey toward better health.
(775) 380-8978 View (775) 380-8978
Photo of Jim Freeland, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jim Freeland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89502
Why am I a therapist? There are many reasons I am in this field. The initial draw was curiosity about people. I find people fascinating, each person has their own story, their own journey, their own struggles, and their own triumphs. I find it to be a humbling experience that a person I am working with in therapy is willing to trust me with the intimate details of the things they are seeking help for. I remain cognizant of the courage it takes to seek therapy, to seek recovery, to work on making changes. The resiliency that people are capable of never ceases to amaze me.
Why am I a therapist? There are many reasons I am in this field. The initial draw was curiosity about people. I find people fascinating, each person has their own story, their own journey, their own struggles, and their own triumphs. I find it to be a humbling experience that a person I am working with in therapy is willing to trust me with the intimate details of the things they are seeking help for. I remain cognizant of the courage it takes to seek therapy, to seek recovery, to work on making changes. The resiliency that people are capable of never ceases to amaze me.
(775) 431-2767 View (775) 431-2767
Photo of Heather Kaminsky, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Kaminsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89511
Welcome and thank you for considering me in your therapeutic journey! Getting started and taking steps toward growth and change is a real challenge, and one that has led you to this website. Others described me throughout my life as as lighthearted, approachable, and a person who lends a "good ear." I'm hopeful that I am able to use these skills in my clinical work to help as many people from our community one person and one skill at a time.
Welcome and thank you for considering me in your therapeutic journey! Getting started and taking steps toward growth and change is a real challenge, and one that has led you to this website. Others described me throughout my life as as lighthearted, approachable, and a person who lends a "good ear." I'm hopeful that I am able to use these skills in my clinical work to help as many people from our community one person and one skill at a time.
(775) 535-7637 View (775) 535-7637
Photo of Anna Marie Sonnenburg, LPC, CPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anna Marie Sonnenburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPC
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
Lead with your Heart. Live your Passion. Love your Life! My work has always been a Passion. I have taken numerous trainings and workshops since 1980. I've learned, practiced and studied a multitude of modalities to broaden the offering to my clients.. I integrate Mind, Body and Spirit. Your well-being and potential are my goals. Each one of us come with our unique and special circumstances. I honor your process and will meet you where you are on your path. I will assess and then together we will develop an effective personalized treatment plan to meet your health and well-being goals
Lead with your Heart. Live your Passion. Love your Life! My work has always been a Passion. I have taken numerous trainings and workshops since 1980. I've learned, practiced and studied a multitude of modalities to broaden the offering to my clients.. I integrate Mind, Body and Spirit. Your well-being and potential are my goals. Each one of us come with our unique and special circumstances. I honor your process and will meet you where you are on your path. I will assess and then together we will develop an effective personalized treatment plan to meet your health and well-being goals
(775) 557-4177 View (775) 557-4177
Photo of Yuni Gardner - Holistic Integrated Therapy with Dr Yuni, PhD, CPC, CHT, MAC, Counselor
Holistic Integrated Therapy with Dr Yuni
Counselor, PhD, CPC, CHT, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89521
Unlock Your Mind & Body's Potential to Healing & Wellness. Holistic Integrated Therapy uses several unique techniques to embody healing and wellness, to clear the blocks that are holding you back from living a fully healthy and satisfying life! ​ Finally Freeing & Clearing you from the root causes of old unconscious & subconscious programs, habits, and patterns that have been stored on a cellular, epigenetic & energetic-level.
Unlock Your Mind & Body's Potential to Healing & Wellness. Holistic Integrated Therapy uses several unique techniques to embody healing and wellness, to clear the blocks that are holding you back from living a fully healthy and satisfying life! ​ Finally Freeing & Clearing you from the root causes of old unconscious & subconscious programs, habits, and patterns that have been stored on a cellular, epigenetic & energetic-level.
(775) 846-8304 View (775) 846-8304
Photo of Walter L Dimitroff - American Comprehensive Counseling Services, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
American Comprehensive Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sparks, NV 89431
At American Comprehensive Counseling Services we strive to meet your individual therapeutic goals. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression or relationship difficulties we will match you with an experienced therapist that will enable to to meet your individualized goals.
At American Comprehensive Counseling Services we strive to meet your individual therapeutic goals. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression or relationship difficulties we will match you with an experienced therapist that will enable to to meet your individualized goals.
(775) 583-4033 View (775) 583-4033
Photo of Julius M Rogina, PhD, ABMPP, MDiv, STM, Psychologist
Julius M Rogina
Psychologist, PhD, ABMPP, MDiv, STM
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89523  (Online Only)
I am a Clinical Psychologist who has been in practice for over forty years, both inpatient and outpatient settings. I am working with adults and elderly. All treatments are based on my client's unique needs and interests and integration of data gathered during assessments. We anchor them together in evidence based modalities of treatment. I hold a Diplomate status with the Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. I am an accredited member of the International Association of Logotherapy and Existential Analysis (LTEA), University of Vienna, Austria.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who has been in practice for over forty years, both inpatient and outpatient settings. I am working with adults and elderly. All treatments are based on my client's unique needs and interests and integration of data gathered during assessments. We anchor them together in evidence based modalities of treatment. I hold a Diplomate status with the Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy. I am an accredited member of the International Association of Logotherapy and Existential Analysis (LTEA), University of Vienna, Austria.
(775) 206-0911 View (775) 206-0911
Photo of Kay Reimers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kay Reimers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89503
Welcome to Actualized Potential PLLC, Kay Reimers. Ketamine and Psychedelic assisted Therapist. I am so pleased you decided to take the first steps on your personal healing journey. I am confident together we will transform your experience of self and life. I am here for you. I personalize your therapy experience by utilizing evidence-based therapy techniques and approaches. Medicine preparation and integration we create a safe environment where we discover the relationship between your thoughts and behaviors. You will begin to recognize the patterns that block your fullest potential.
Welcome to Actualized Potential PLLC, Kay Reimers. Ketamine and Psychedelic assisted Therapist. I am so pleased you decided to take the first steps on your personal healing journey. I am confident together we will transform your experience of self and life. I am here for you. I personalize your therapy experience by utilizing evidence-based therapy techniques and approaches. Medicine preparation and integration we create a safe environment where we discover the relationship between your thoughts and behaviors. You will begin to recognize the patterns that block your fullest potential.
(775) 577-3909 View (775) 577-3909
Photo of Cheryl L Garn, PhD, MS, Psychologist
Cheryl L Garn
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
Reno, NV 89501
As a licensed Clinical Psychologist I generally work with clients using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which focuses on accepting what cannot be changed and committing to what is most important to the individual. I also frequently use a variety of other therapeutic techniques to help clients achieve their goals. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, OCD, perfectionism, relationship concerns, couples counseling, crisis of faith, and personality disorders. I primarily work with adults and teenagers.
As a licensed Clinical Psychologist I generally work with clients using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which focuses on accepting what cannot be changed and committing to what is most important to the individual. I also frequently use a variety of other therapeutic techniques to help clients achieve their goals. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, OCD, perfectionism, relationship concerns, couples counseling, crisis of faith, and personality disorders. I primarily work with adults and teenagers.
(775) 204-2850 View (775) 204-2850
Photo of Ciara B Hayes, LCPC, PAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ciara B Hayes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, PAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reno, NV 89523
My goal as a therapist is to create a supportive, non-judgmental space to explore and develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. I believe in a shame-free, co-created relationship where warmth, empathy, and humor are not only valued, but encouraged. I bring my authenticity and curiosity to help foster a space where you can safely examine the parts of your life that don’t align with your vision for yourself. I will take you seriously and do my best to understand your world as you experience it. I want to join you and work towards goals you have during this process.
My goal as a therapist is to create a supportive, non-judgmental space to explore and develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. I believe in a shame-free, co-created relationship where warmth, empathy, and humor are not only valued, but encouraged. I bring my authenticity and curiosity to help foster a space where you can safely examine the parts of your life that don’t align with your vision for yourself. I will take you seriously and do my best to understand your world as you experience it. I want to join you and work towards goals you have during this process.
(775) 800-6350 View (775) 800-6350
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washoe County, NV

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Washoe County, NV who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
62% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Hometown Health

How Therapists in Washoe County, NV see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washoe County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.