Therapists in Paradise, Las Vegas, NV

Photo of Hannah Baer, LPC Intern
Hannah Baer
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89103
Hi! I am Hannah, Pre licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I earned my Masters in Counseling at Arcadia University in PA. I have several years of experience in the behavioral health and therapy field in both Philadelphia and the United Kingdom. I have been able to provide help and support for a multitude of clients, with issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, family, and relationships.
Hi! I am Hannah, Pre licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I earned my Masters in Counseling at Arcadia University in PA. I have several years of experience in the behavioral health and therapy field in both Philadelphia and the United Kingdom. I have been able to provide help and support for a multitude of clients, with issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, family, and relationships.
(725) 712-1944 View (725) 712-1944
Photo of Tessa Stine, LCPC, Counselor
Tessa Stine
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89121
Do you usually have a hard time dealing with PTSD, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse? Do you want to overcome traumas and find the inner strength that will shape your own future? I'm Tessa and am here to help. I work in guiding individuals toward personal growth and empowerment.
Do you usually have a hard time dealing with PTSD, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse? Do you want to overcome traumas and find the inner strength that will shape your own future? I'm Tessa and am here to help. I work in guiding individuals toward personal growth and empowerment.
(702) 534-4134 View (702) 534-4134
Photo of Kristina Moore-Swift, LPC Intern
Kristina Moore-Swift
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling anxious, down, or stressed in areas of your life? In life, there are seasons of joy, happiness, and pain. It takes significant strength to explore and identify events & emotional triggers to heal and thrive in life. Let's begin this healing process together!
Have you been feeling anxious, down, or stressed in areas of your life? In life, there are seasons of joy, happiness, and pain. It takes significant strength to explore and identify events & emotional triggers to heal and thrive in life. Let's begin this healing process together!
(775) 249-5403 View (775) 249-5403
Photo of Priscilla Otoo-Adjorlolo - Commitment Revival Lab, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Commitment Revival Lab
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89119
Facing the whirlwind of betrayal? Feel like trust is a distant dream? You're not alone. Our ideal clients are couples tangled in the web of infidelity, seeking a beacon of hope. They crave healing and renewal, yearning to rebuild a partnership that's not just surviving but thriving. Why settle for a shadow of what your relationship could be when you can embrace its full potential? With expert guidance, personalized strategies, and a community of support, we help you navigate from despair to a future brimming with possibility. Ready to transform your love story into a testament of triumph? Your journey starts here.
Facing the whirlwind of betrayal? Feel like trust is a distant dream? You're not alone. Our ideal clients are couples tangled in the web of infidelity, seeking a beacon of hope. They crave healing and renewal, yearning to rebuild a partnership that's not just surviving but thriving. Why settle for a shadow of what your relationship could be when you can embrace its full potential? With expert guidance, personalized strategies, and a community of support, we help you navigate from despair to a future brimming with possibility. Ready to transform your love story into a testament of triumph? Your journey starts here.
(725) 800-9264 View (725) 800-9264
Photo of Dr. Gwendolyn T Greene, DBH, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Gwendolyn T Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, DBH, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89120
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** My practice focuses on assisting individuals, families, children/adolescent, and couples in working through and adjusting to many of life's psychosocial stressors. I have programs to assist with improving and developing coping skills to address issues with depression, anxiety, parental issues, and family issues.
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** My practice focuses on assisting individuals, families, children/adolescent, and couples in working through and adjusting to many of life's psychosocial stressors. I have programs to assist with improving and developing coping skills to address issues with depression, anxiety, parental issues, and family issues.
(702) 919-4697 View (702) 919-4697
Photo of Tina Merced, LCSW, CIMHP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina Merced
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CIMHP
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89120
Waitlist for new clients
It is hard to be vulnerable and seek help, to talk about things you maybe have never told another or feel guilty for thinking. I am skilled at compassionate listening, inquisitive, creative in viewpoint and rather good at case conceptualizing. My position as your therapist is an ally. We figure out what you need and value, what resources you may have missed, what you can do, that you will do. Considering your body, your history, your mind, the relationships you have or want, and life's magic the journey of therapy can be an interesting and glorious adventure that takes you farther than you imagined. You're already starting to move!
It is hard to be vulnerable and seek help, to talk about things you maybe have never told another or feel guilty for thinking. I am skilled at compassionate listening, inquisitive, creative in viewpoint and rather good at case conceptualizing. My position as your therapist is an ally. We figure out what you need and value, what resources you may have missed, what you can do, that you will do. Considering your body, your history, your mind, the relationships you have or want, and life's magic the journey of therapy can be an interesting and glorious adventure that takes you farther than you imagined. You're already starting to move!
(725) 234-4294 View (725) 234-4294
Photo of Keunshea Fleming, LMSW, CSW-I, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Keunshea Fleming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CSW-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89120
Another deep sigh of hopelessness and exhaustion. How long until you realize that carrying the weight of negative narratives and nurturing pain from challenging life experiences is no longer serving you? Are you constantly playing the role of the victim, feeling depressed and replaying traumatic, inescapable memories? Storing guilt, shame, and resentment in your body leading to pain discomfort, self-doubt, sleepless nights, isolation, and challenges forming healthy intimate relationships. You may have a desire to break free from the grip of trauma, gain balance, and clarity on your purpose in life and identity beyond fear.
Another deep sigh of hopelessness and exhaustion. How long until you realize that carrying the weight of negative narratives and nurturing pain from challenging life experiences is no longer serving you? Are you constantly playing the role of the victim, feeling depressed and replaying traumatic, inescapable memories? Storing guilt, shame, and resentment in your body leading to pain discomfort, self-doubt, sleepless nights, isolation, and challenges forming healthy intimate relationships. You may have a desire to break free from the grip of trauma, gain balance, and clarity on your purpose in life and identity beyond fear.
(725) 303-0601 View (725) 303-0601
Photo of Angela Dawn Mathew - Angela Mathew Counseling, PLLC, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Angela Mathew Counseling, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89119  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome! Looking forward to helping you to face obstacles that are road blocking your successes, and peace. Together, we will journey through the places in your life that feel stuck, and heal the issues that are causing the suffering. With empathy, open mindedness, and a total acceptance of who you uniquely are, I will help you discover the most effective avenues to make your specific goal attainable with grace. I am here to help you find the skills to live a life that aligns with your values, increase your peace, and start your journey to joy!
Hello, and welcome! Looking forward to helping you to face obstacles that are road blocking your successes, and peace. Together, we will journey through the places in your life that feel stuck, and heal the issues that are causing the suffering. With empathy, open mindedness, and a total acceptance of who you uniquely are, I will help you discover the most effective avenues to make your specific goal attainable with grace. I am here to help you find the skills to live a life that aligns with your values, increase your peace, and start your journey to joy!
(270) 563-7342 View (270) 563-7342
Photo of Destiny Gold, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Destiny Gold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89119  (Online Only)
Destiny believes self-love is an important aspect of all human beings. In order to seek fulfillment, you must learn your gifts that you possess, let go of repressed emotions, and then you can feel a genuine sense of fulfillment and love. Without self-love, all else will fail. Your repressed emotions will continue to play a role in ALL your relationships. In order to sustain a loving relationship (with anyone), it takes skill, practice, and a true commitment to growing. You can learn how to release these emotions, so you can receive love, give love, and live a fulfilling life.Take my hand and let's walk this journey together!
Destiny believes self-love is an important aspect of all human beings. In order to seek fulfillment, you must learn your gifts that you possess, let go of repressed emotions, and then you can feel a genuine sense of fulfillment and love. Without self-love, all else will fail. Your repressed emotions will continue to play a role in ALL your relationships. In order to sustain a loving relationship (with anyone), it takes skill, practice, and a true commitment to growing. You can learn how to release these emotions, so you can receive love, give love, and live a fulfilling life.Take my hand and let's walk this journey together!
(702) 291-7493 View (702) 291-7493
Photo of Nikki Napolitano, MS, MFT-I, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Nikki Napolitano
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123
Life can be a wild ride of ups and downs. It is my belief that those adventures can be easier to go through if you have someone to talk to. I am a down-to-earth person who understands empathy while sharing a non-judgmental space to promote healing. It is my goal to foster growth, give support and encourage my clients to live the life they have always envisioned for themselves. "Growth is painful. Change is painful. But, nothing is as painful as staying stuck where you do not belong."
Life can be a wild ride of ups and downs. It is my belief that those adventures can be easier to go through if you have someone to talk to. I am a down-to-earth person who understands empathy while sharing a non-judgmental space to promote healing. It is my goal to foster growth, give support and encourage my clients to live the life they have always envisioned for themselves. "Growth is painful. Change is painful. But, nothing is as painful as staying stuck where you do not belong."
(702) 605-7066 View (702) 605-7066
Photo of Raquel-Rocki Campbell, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Raquel-Rocki Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89102
As a clinician I aim to foster healthy connections with clients through a welcoming, warm, direct, and accepting approach shaped by the client's needs. I pride myself on treating clients with compassion, admiration, and understanding. My focus on developing a trusting, open, and honest communication in the therapeutic relationship is focused on assisting clients to achieve their individualized objectives to capitalize on their fullest potential.
As a clinician I aim to foster healthy connections with clients through a welcoming, warm, direct, and accepting approach shaped by the client's needs. I pride myself on treating clients with compassion, admiration, and understanding. My focus on developing a trusting, open, and honest communication in the therapeutic relationship is focused on assisting clients to achieve their individualized objectives to capitalize on their fullest potential.
(702) 710-2433 View (702) 710-2433
Photo of Edward Lee Fenn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Edward Lee Fenn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123  (Online Only)
Ready to take control of your mental health? I work with clients committed to learning and applying practical tools for managing depression, anxiety, and more. In our sessions, you'll receive empathetic support and actionable strategies tailored to your needs. My goal is to help you build skills for lasting change and empower you to live a more fulfilling life. If you're ready to invest in yourself and grow, let's start this journey together.
Ready to take control of your mental health? I work with clients committed to learning and applying practical tools for managing depression, anxiety, and more. In our sessions, you'll receive empathetic support and actionable strategies tailored to your needs. My goal is to help you build skills for lasting change and empower you to live a more fulfilling life. If you're ready to invest in yourself and grow, let's start this journey together.
(725) 715-5307 View (725) 715-5307
Photo of Judith A Pinkerton, MT-BC, LPMT
Judith A Pinkerton
MT-BC, LPMT
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89103  (Online Only)
Learn how to thrive through adversity. Navigate emotion regulation without numbing feelings. Shift out of anxiety, anger, depression or grief optimally. Create prescriptive playlists to produce new comfort zones mastering your moods. During our session you will be able to access psycho-education DIY products and programs at no additional charge to practice the Music Medicine Protocol, the Evidence-Based Practice of theMusic4Life.com. Join thousands of people who practice this protocol, mastering music's influence on emotions, physiology and behavior.
Learn how to thrive through adversity. Navigate emotion regulation without numbing feelings. Shift out of anxiety, anger, depression or grief optimally. Create prescriptive playlists to produce new comfort zones mastering your moods. During our session you will be able to access psycho-education DIY products and programs at no additional charge to practice the Music Medicine Protocol, the Evidence-Based Practice of theMusic4Life.com. Join thousands of people who practice this protocol, mastering music's influence on emotions, physiology and behavior.
(702) 935-4135 View (702) 935-4135
Photo of Bethany Kammert, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bethany Kammert
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with children (starting at age 8), individuals, couples, and families. I use "nerd culture" in the therapy room. I have been constantly striving to gain experience in working with life struggles such as anxiety, depression, codependency, emotional trauma, spiritual shaming, Play Therapy, and Christian Themes. My goal is to help you move forward in ways that feel unhealthy and authentic to who you are and who you desire to become! My therapy style is honest and genuine - while still remaining direct. I use an integrative approach to offer you effective tools that can make your life and relationships more functional.
I enjoy working with children (starting at age 8), individuals, couples, and families. I use "nerd culture" in the therapy room. I have been constantly striving to gain experience in working with life struggles such as anxiety, depression, codependency, emotional trauma, spiritual shaming, Play Therapy, and Christian Themes. My goal is to help you move forward in ways that feel unhealthy and authentic to who you are and who you desire to become! My therapy style is honest and genuine - while still remaining direct. I use an integrative approach to offer you effective tools that can make your life and relationships more functional.
(702) 779-7148 View (702) 779-7148
Photo of Elizabeth DeYoung - New Life Counseling, PLLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
New Life Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123
New Life Counseling works with clients with a variety of different struggles. We focus on a holistic approach to treatment, including body, mind, and spirit. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or have been through trauma we can help you to move forward in health and wholeness.
New Life Counseling works with clients with a variety of different struggles. We focus on a holistic approach to treatment, including body, mind, and spirit. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, or have been through trauma we can help you to move forward in health and wholeness.
(702) 239-7182 View (702) 239-7182
Photo of Derek Crain - Mindful Therapy Group, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mindful Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123
Mindful Therapy Group (MTG) is a diverse group of over 1200 independent mental health practitioners serving Arizona, Nevada, Washington, and Oregon. Each licensed mental health professional that is a member of MTG is a separate, independent business. Providers that are members of MTG receive support with administrative tasks, insurance billing, client placement, and more, so they can focus on providing the best care to their clients. As a client, you can expect the highest quality administrative services, warm and professional offices, and a seamless Telehealth experience while receiving care from your provider.
Mindful Therapy Group (MTG) is a diverse group of over 1200 independent mental health practitioners serving Arizona, Nevada, Washington, and Oregon. Each licensed mental health professional that is a member of MTG is a separate, independent business. Providers that are members of MTG receive support with administrative tasks, insurance billing, client placement, and more, so they can focus on providing the best care to their clients. As a client, you can expect the highest quality administrative services, warm and professional offices, and a seamless Telehealth experience while receiving care from your provider.
(725) 237-5502 View (725) 237-5502
Photo of Melissa Wadsworth - Resting Minds LLC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Resting Minds LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89102
At Resting Minds, we are passionate about people. We are focused on helping in all areas of life not just providing a one-hour weekly session.
At Resting Minds, we are passionate about people. We are focused on helping in all areas of life not just providing a one-hour weekly session.
(702) 410-9629 View (702) 410-9629
Photo of Dr. Richard Trammel, EdD, MS
Dr. Richard Trammel
EdD, MS
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89154
As a REAL Sports Psychologist, I have a unique practice in that I specialize in working with athletes who have the desire to take their game to the next level. Being a competitive athlete and coach helps me relate to other competitive people in sports or business. My primary focus is building confidence and eliminating Performance Anxiety. I have worked in the following sports: PGA Golf (Primary), USTA, NFL, USA Hockey, Basketball, MLB, Fast Pitch Softball, Cheer, Gymnastics, Most NCAA Sports, Equestrian, Soccer, Boxing/MMA, Volleyball, Track & Field, Lacrosse, Bowling, Pool, E-Sports, Symphony Orchestra, and Business Analytics.
As a REAL Sports Psychologist, I have a unique practice in that I specialize in working with athletes who have the desire to take their game to the next level. Being a competitive athlete and coach helps me relate to other competitive people in sports or business. My primary focus is building confidence and eliminating Performance Anxiety. I have worked in the following sports: PGA Golf (Primary), USTA, NFL, USA Hockey, Basketball, MLB, Fast Pitch Softball, Cheer, Gymnastics, Most NCAA Sports, Equestrian, Soccer, Boxing/MMA, Volleyball, Track & Field, Lacrosse, Bowling, Pool, E-Sports, Symphony Orchestra, and Business Analytics.
(725) 543-2460 View (725) 543-2460
Photo of Nicole Tanguay, MS, CPC-I, LPC Intern
Nicole Tanguay
LPC Intern, MS, CPC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89103  (Online Only)
Have you experienced trauma in your life that you feel is unresolved? Does anxiety and depression become debilitating at times? Do you suffer from negative physical symptoms as the result of your mental and emotional health? If you find it difficult to navigate through life stressors, I am here to help. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address the root cause of your difficulties. My goal is to provide a safe place for you to process your thoughts and feelings and assist you in becoming the best version of you!
Have you experienced trauma in your life that you feel is unresolved? Does anxiety and depression become debilitating at times? Do you suffer from negative physical symptoms as the result of your mental and emotional health? If you find it difficult to navigate through life stressors, I am here to help. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address the root cause of your difficulties. My goal is to provide a safe place for you to process your thoughts and feelings and assist you in becoming the best version of you!
(725) 356-6314 View (725) 356-6314
Photo of Katie Zimmer, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Zimmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Paradise, Las Vegas, NV 89123
If you are currently struggling with anxiety, depression or trauma-related issues, I am a solution-focused therapist and seek practical strategies to help my clients regain a sense of control over their lives. In addition to that, I aim to help them find meaning in their life story. My ultimate goal for my clients is for them to enjoy life and thrive. If you are someone who values a collaborative approach and is committed to personal growth and self-exploration, then I'm your girl! Many of my clients say they appreciate my blunt, straight-forward approach to their issues and my humor which brings levity to someone's darkest times.
If you are currently struggling with anxiety, depression or trauma-related issues, I am a solution-focused therapist and seek practical strategies to help my clients regain a sense of control over their lives. In addition to that, I aim to help them find meaning in their life story. My ultimate goal for my clients is for them to enjoy life and thrive. If you are someone who values a collaborative approach and is committed to personal growth and self-exploration, then I'm your girl! Many of my clients say they appreciate my blunt, straight-forward approach to their issues and my humor which brings levity to someone's darkest times.
(702) 483-8375 View (702) 483-8375
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Paradise, Las Vegas, NV

400+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Paradise, Las Vegas, NV who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Paradise, Las Vegas, NV see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Paradise, Las Vegas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.