Therapists in Voorhees, NJ

Photo of Rachel J Cohn, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel J Cohn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043
New motherhood is, for many people, a time of joy. It can also be a time of stress and conflicting emotions. All of the expectations and pressure can be a lot to deal with. This especially true now during the COVID-19 pandemic! If you want to talk with someone who "gets it," if you or someone you care about are pregnant, have recently had a baby, or have older children and do not like the way you are feeling or just find that you would like some extra support, please give me a call! I also welcome clients dealing with issues not related to motherhood or parenting, such as stress, life transitions, depression, and anxiety.
New motherhood is, for many people, a time of joy. It can also be a time of stress and conflicting emotions. All of the expectations and pressure can be a lot to deal with. This especially true now during the COVID-19 pandemic! If you want to talk with someone who "gets it," if you or someone you care about are pregnant, have recently had a baby, or have older children and do not like the way you are feeling or just find that you would like some extra support, please give me a call! I also welcome clients dealing with issues not related to motherhood or parenting, such as stress, life transitions, depression, and anxiety.
(856) 579-6393 View (856) 579-6393
Photo of Lindsay Schneider, MA, LAC, Counselor
Lindsay Schneider
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I am dedicated to fostering a warm and non-judgmental environment in order to create a safe, supportive space. I work collaboratively with children, adolescents, and adults using evidence-based interventions including the strengths-based approach, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Reality Therapy, and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).
I am dedicated to fostering a warm and non-judgmental environment in order to create a safe, supportive space. I work collaboratively with children, adolescents, and adults using evidence-based interventions including the strengths-based approach, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Reality Therapy, and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).
(856) 421-6719 View (856) 421-6719
Photo of David Raush, PhD, Psychologist
David Raush
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I am very open with my patients about my understanding of their problems and what I think is likely to be helpful. I do my best to present my conceptualization clearly, and I invite feedback. Based on our shared understanding of the problem, I suggest potential interventions and foci for treatment for my patients to consider. This collaboration helps to ensure that therapy feels relevant. It acknowledges my respect for the patient and establishes a therapeutic relationship that fosters self-efficacy.
I am very open with my patients about my understanding of their problems and what I think is likely to be helpful. I do my best to present my conceptualization clearly, and I invite feedback. Based on our shared understanding of the problem, I suggest potential interventions and foci for treatment for my patients to consider. This collaboration helps to ensure that therapy feels relevant. It acknowledges my respect for the patient and establishes a therapeutic relationship that fosters self-efficacy.
(856) 465-5027 View (856) 465-5027
Photo of Anne Blair, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne Blair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Individuals decide they need or want therapy for a variety of reasons. Many times people do not know what to expect when they begin therapy. I describe therapy as a three phase process. Phase I: This is the beginning of the therapeutic relationship. A mutual rapport and trust develops so therapy can move into Phase 2. The majority of the therapeutic work takes place in phase 2. A person's experiences, both positive and negative, their perceptions, their values, beliefs, and thoughts are explored during this phase.
Individuals decide they need or want therapy for a variety of reasons. Many times people do not know what to expect when they begin therapy. I describe therapy as a three phase process. Phase I: This is the beginning of the therapeutic relationship. A mutual rapport and trust develops so therapy can move into Phase 2. The majority of the therapeutic work takes place in phase 2. A person's experiences, both positive and negative, their perceptions, their values, beliefs, and thoughts are explored during this phase.
(856) 282-2093 View (856) 282-2093
Photo of Anamaria Frias, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anamaria Frias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Most of our clients' issues and needs include Depression, Anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress, Anger Management, Domestic Violence, and ADHD. Their needs include identifying positive and healthy ways to cope appropriately with emotions, identify ways to verbally express themselves appropriately, and identify healthy coping skills. Some goals would include processing their trauma, identfying positive peer networks, processing sadness and anger as well.
Most of our clients' issues and needs include Depression, Anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress, Anger Management, Domestic Violence, and ADHD. Their needs include identifying positive and healthy ways to cope appropriately with emotions, identify ways to verbally express themselves appropriately, and identify healthy coping skills. Some goals would include processing their trauma, identfying positive peer networks, processing sadness and anger as well.
(856) 326-2413 View (856) 326-2413
Photo of Madison Kurz - Madison Kurz (adolescent/teen specialist), LSW
Madison Kurz (adolescent/teen specialist)
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I am a LSW with years of experience treating teen/adolescents and their families. My areas of specialty and focus are depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, mood disorders, and trauma. The driving force behind my practice is to create a nurturing environment where kids can grow into healthy adults with learned coping skills and a better understanding of their own identity.
I am a LSW with years of experience treating teen/adolescents and their families. My areas of specialty and focus are depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, mood disorders, and trauma. The driving force behind my practice is to create a nurturing environment where kids can grow into healthy adults with learned coping skills and a better understanding of their own identity.
(856) 263-3835 View (856) 263-3835
Photo of Jennifer Stradling - Jennifer Stradling (adolescent/teen specialist), MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Stradling (adolescent/teen specialist)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I would identify my ideal client as an adolescent who is experiencing mental health issues and/or interpersonal difficulties. This could include an individual experiencing PTSD-related symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other mental health-related issues. This could also include an individual experiencing life stressors/transitions, difficulties in developing healthy and sustainable relationships, complex grief, and lack of self-esteem and role identification. The goals of an ideal client would include improving mental health-related symptoms through the application of coping skills, communication skills, and self-esteem.
I would identify my ideal client as an adolescent who is experiencing mental health issues and/or interpersonal difficulties. This could include an individual experiencing PTSD-related symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other mental health-related issues. This could also include an individual experiencing life stressors/transitions, difficulties in developing healthy and sustainable relationships, complex grief, and lack of self-esteem and role identification. The goals of an ideal client would include improving mental health-related symptoms through the application of coping skills, communication skills, and self-esteem.
(856) 666-2078 View (856) 666-2078
Photo of Meghan Rydzewski, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Meghan Rydzewski
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Coming to terms with our feelings and confronting our emotions by ourselves can feel challenging. If you are feeling stuck, anxious, or isolated in any area of your life, you have come to the right place. As a therapist who specializes in individuals, couples, and families, I am here to support you throughout your journey and be a guiding presence. Therapy will help you with overcoming anxieties, being able to create boundaries, and being able to communicate in a healthy way.
Coming to terms with our feelings and confronting our emotions by ourselves can feel challenging. If you are feeling stuck, anxious, or isolated in any area of your life, you have come to the right place. As a therapist who specializes in individuals, couples, and families, I am here to support you throughout your journey and be a guiding presence. Therapy will help you with overcoming anxieties, being able to create boundaries, and being able to communicate in a healthy way.
(856) 329-8445 x4239 View (856) 329-8445 x4239
Photo of Ann Marie Gray, LAC, Counselor
Ann Marie Gray
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I practice therapy serving children, adults, families, and couples while using a trauma-informed holistic approach, creating a safe, supportive, non-judgmental environment for my clients to heal. I am here to meet you wherever you are on your journey and to help you work towards your dreams and goals. I have a passion for helping those struggling with substance abuse, trauma, grief, relationship issues, self-harm, and all mental health disorders for ages 5 and above.
I practice therapy serving children, adults, families, and couples while using a trauma-informed holistic approach, creating a safe, supportive, non-judgmental environment for my clients to heal. I am here to meet you wherever you are on your journey and to help you work towards your dreams and goals. I have a passion for helping those struggling with substance abuse, trauma, grief, relationship issues, self-harm, and all mental health disorders for ages 5 and above.
(609) 795-7907 View (609) 795-7907
Photo of Amanda Hudson, MA, EdS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Hudson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043  (Online Only)
We can't stop the ocean, but we can learn to ride the waves. If life is feeling like a series of waves knocking you down, now may be the time to consider engaging in therapeutic health and wellness services from a licensed NJ professional who can help teach you to ride the waves and re-gain control of your life. Specializing in development, trauma, adverse childhood experiences, racial identity, and providing treatment to other therapist.
We can't stop the ocean, but we can learn to ride the waves. If life is feeling like a series of waves knocking you down, now may be the time to consider engaging in therapeutic health and wellness services from a licensed NJ professional who can help teach you to ride the waves and re-gain control of your life. Specializing in development, trauma, adverse childhood experiences, racial identity, and providing treatment to other therapist.
(856) 636-4860 View (856) 636-4860
Photo of Nicole Kozak, MA, LAC, Counselor
Nicole Kozak
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Why let your fears become your limits? Often, our growth begins when we un-limit ourselves and unlearn the things that no longer serve us. I hope to assist you in creating the life you envision for yourself; you don’t have to do it alone. I use a compassionate and client-center approach along with evidence-based modalities to create an individual counseling experience for clients of all ages. I recognize the importance for enhanced communication, problem solving, understanding, and transitions within the family unit and between couples.
Why let your fears become your limits? Often, our growth begins when we un-limit ourselves and unlearn the things that no longer serve us. I hope to assist you in creating the life you envision for yourself; you don’t have to do it alone. I use a compassionate and client-center approach along with evidence-based modalities to create an individual counseling experience for clients of all ages. I recognize the importance for enhanced communication, problem solving, understanding, and transitions within the family unit and between couples.
(856) 666-8285 View (856) 666-8285
Photo of John Anthony Monopoli, PhD, Psychologist
John Anthony Monopoli
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I believe that a clear, focused, relaxed and lucid mind is the best instrument for self-discovery and healing. Using a combination of meditation, mindfulness and cognitive methods, I help individuals to attain deep inner awareness of one's mind and body and deep outer awareness of the external world. I believe that the resolution of many of life's problems becomes apparent when we open our minds to our own unrecognized thoughts, feelings, and sensations. I believe that contentment can arise only as a result of a basic honesty and acceptance of oneself.
I believe that a clear, focused, relaxed and lucid mind is the best instrument for self-discovery and healing. Using a combination of meditation, mindfulness and cognitive methods, I help individuals to attain deep inner awareness of one's mind and body and deep outer awareness of the external world. I believe that the resolution of many of life's problems becomes apparent when we open our minds to our own unrecognized thoughts, feelings, and sensations. I believe that contentment can arise only as a result of a basic honesty and acceptance of oneself.
(267) 799-1579 View (267) 799-1579
Photo of Sharon L Roberts, MA, LPC, LCADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sharon L Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCADC
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Day to day life wearing you down? Stress, anxiety and depression weighing on your every movement? Sometimes things get past us and before we know it our mind, body and spirit are no longer aligned. Similar to physical health, our emotional health benefits from on-going maintenance. I believe we all have the potential to make positive improvements in our lives. I can offer encouragement, support and assistance in a non-judgmental environment. I can guide you in developing feelings of confidence and empowerment in a safe and supportive environment, by assisting to develop a plan to achieve your goals for personal happiness and growth.
Day to day life wearing you down? Stress, anxiety and depression weighing on your every movement? Sometimes things get past us and before we know it our mind, body and spirit are no longer aligned. Similar to physical health, our emotional health benefits from on-going maintenance. I believe we all have the potential to make positive improvements in our lives. I can offer encouragement, support and assistance in a non-judgmental environment. I can guide you in developing feelings of confidence and empowerment in a safe and supportive environment, by assisting to develop a plan to achieve your goals for personal happiness and growth.
(856) 446-3774 View (856) 446-3774
Photo of Sarah Beth Woldoff, PhD, BCBA, Psychologist
Sarah Beth Woldoff
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I specialize in high quality neuropsychological and psychological assessment and treatment for toddlers, children, and young adults. I have extensive experience in diagnosing toddlers, children, and adults on the autism spectrum using a gold standard battery including the ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and related tools. I am ready to meet with you to discuss your needs and/or your families needs and develop a person-centered evaluation and treatment plan. With a focus on behavior management and ABA therapy techniques, I assist families in meeting behavioral, social, and emotional goals.
I specialize in high quality neuropsychological and psychological assessment and treatment for toddlers, children, and young adults. I have extensive experience in diagnosing toddlers, children, and adults on the autism spectrum using a gold standard battery including the ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and related tools. I am ready to meet with you to discuss your needs and/or your families needs and develop a person-centered evaluation and treatment plan. With a focus on behavior management and ABA therapy techniques, I assist families in meeting behavioral, social, and emotional goals.
(484) 904-7499 View (484) 904-7499
Photo of Todd Pressman, PhD, Psychologist
Todd Pressman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043  (Online Only)
NOTE: Attend our FREE webinar on Deconstructing Anxiety! (See toddpressman.com/free-webinar). Do you feel like you're winning in your battle against anxiety? Or do you feel trapped by worries, compulsions and what-if scenarios? Do you long for a time when you were able to simply enjoy life, without being paralyzed by predictions of terror and doom? Here's a startling fact: Our best therapies for anxiety only have about a 46 percent success rate. That's simply not good enough when you're an anxiety sufferer! But the good news is that you don’t have to live like this anymore. Real and lasting change IS possible!
NOTE: Attend our FREE webinar on Deconstructing Anxiety! (See toddpressman.com/free-webinar). Do you feel like you're winning in your battle against anxiety? Or do you feel trapped by worries, compulsions and what-if scenarios? Do you long for a time when you were able to simply enjoy life, without being paralyzed by predictions of terror and doom? Here's a startling fact: Our best therapies for anxiety only have about a 46 percent success rate. That's simply not good enough when you're an anxiety sufferer! But the good news is that you don’t have to live like this anymore. Real and lasting change IS possible!
(856) 254-2653 View (856) 254-2653
Photo of Gianna Notarfrancesco - Gianna Notarfrancesco (adolescent/teen specialist), MA, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gianna Notarfrancesco (adolescent/teen specialist)
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
My ideal client would most likely be a female teenager working through peer relationships, self-esteem, and social anxiety. With this client, I believe some of her needs would be to explore core beliefs of who she is in comparison to what others may say/think of her, cognitively challenging and reframing intrusive/negative thought patterns, and slowly expose the client to social scenarios in which she can use her coping skills to effectively navigate new situations.
My ideal client would most likely be a female teenager working through peer relationships, self-esteem, and social anxiety. With this client, I believe some of her needs would be to explore core beliefs of who she is in comparison to what others may say/think of her, cognitively challenging and reframing intrusive/negative thought patterns, and slowly expose the client to social scenarios in which she can use her coping skills to effectively navigate new situations.
(856) 684-5853 View (856) 684-5853
Photo of Dr. Tishanna D Majette, PhD, MBA, ADHD-, CCSP, ACS, Psychologist
Dr. Tishanna D Majette
Psychologist, PhD, MBA, ADHD-, CCSP, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Are you a parent struggling with a teen going to school, getting out of bed in the morning, or isolating themselves from others? Is your teen exhibiting aggressive behaviors, flashbacks of situations to which he or she refuses to speak, or says, "You don't understand how they are feeling"? Are you worried about changes in their personality and how they might get worse? Are you blaming yourself for not understanding your teen, feeling frustrated that you can't "change" the problem, or have you given up on your teen's life getting better?
Are you a parent struggling with a teen going to school, getting out of bed in the morning, or isolating themselves from others? Is your teen exhibiting aggressive behaviors, flashbacks of situations to which he or she refuses to speak, or says, "You don't understand how they are feeling"? Are you worried about changes in their personality and how they might get worse? Are you blaming yourself for not understanding your teen, feeling frustrated that you can't "change" the problem, or have you given up on your teen's life getting better?
(856) 300-6199 View (856) 300-6199
Photo of Nathaniel Ike, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nathaniel Ike
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043  (Online Only)
Feeling disconnected and stressed? I get it. With everything on your plate, you want to feel satisfied and purposeful personally and professionally. You need guidance to find that balance. I can help. My therapy sessions offer personalized strategies to reconnect emotionally, manage stress, and build healthier relationships. Together, we'll tackle these challenges and find true fulfillment. Reach out today to start your journey. You deserve to feel whole and content at work and home without compromising yourself. You are tired of sacrificing your life, and you are ready to do something about it this time.
Feeling disconnected and stressed? I get it. With everything on your plate, you want to feel satisfied and purposeful personally and professionally. You need guidance to find that balance. I can help. My therapy sessions offer personalized strategies to reconnect emotionally, manage stress, and build healthier relationships. Together, we'll tackle these challenges and find true fulfillment. Reach out today to start your journey. You deserve to feel whole and content at work and home without compromising yourself. You are tired of sacrificing your life, and you are ready to do something about it this time.
(856) 523-3966 View (856) 523-3966
Photo of Ludmila De-Mendonca, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ludmila De-Mendonca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Voorhees, NJ 08043
My clinical and professional background includes providing individual therapy and family therapy to children, adolescents, and adults, focusing on the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral needs of my clients.
My clinical and professional background includes providing individual therapy and family therapy to children, adolescents, and adults, focusing on the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral needs of my clients.
(856) 390-9267 View (856) 390-9267
Photo of Cameron Rea, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cameron Rea
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
Asking for help is a big step that shows bravery courage and the dedication you have to yourself and the want to feel better. My goal is to make sure I can provide you with the tools and support that empowers you to reach your personal goals, and find peace, happiness, and healing. Coming from a social work background, I acknowledge that there are outside obstacles that we may not be able to control inside of the therapy room, but I can assure you that I will be your biggest advocate and provide support and action when applicable, and empower and lift your voice so that you can become your number 1 advocate as well.
Asking for help is a big step that shows bravery courage and the dedication you have to yourself and the want to feel better. My goal is to make sure I can provide you with the tools and support that empowers you to reach your personal goals, and find peace, happiness, and healing. Coming from a social work background, I acknowledge that there are outside obstacles that we may not be able to control inside of the therapy room, but I can assure you that I will be your biggest advocate and provide support and action when applicable, and empower and lift your voice so that you can become your number 1 advocate as well.
(856) 699-2063 View (856) 699-2063
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Voorhees, NJ

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Voorhees, NJ who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
75% Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield
74% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Voorhees, NJ see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Voorhees?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.