Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists in Newark, NJ
![Photo of Clay Malcolmson - Grouport](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/05fdba1d-dedb-4525-8e46-89761c04dac0/1/320x400.png)
We offer virtual group therapy for people experiencing a range of mental health conditions, including Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Borderline Personality Disorder, PTSD, Grief, and Substance Abuse.
We offer virtual group therapy for people experiencing a range of mental health conditions, including Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Borderline Personality Disorder, PTSD, Grief, and Substance Abuse.
![Photo of Maryam Hasan, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1f1ba0f9-21b1-44c3-8087-d0225996a1ce/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am working with adults and adolescents in a private practice and am passionate about working with clients living with borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, stress, emotion regulation difficulties, relational issues, and any life transitions. Working with people from all walks of life and meeting them where they're at is an essential part of my practice. I acknowledge and incorporate clients' identities such as BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ into treatment. Ultimately, my goal is to help people feel understood and build a happy and fulfilling life.
I am working with adults and adolescents in a private practice and am passionate about working with clients living with borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, stress, emotion regulation difficulties, relational issues, and any life transitions. Working with people from all walks of life and meeting them where they're at is an essential part of my practice. I acknowledge and incorporate clients' identities such as BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ into treatment. Ultimately, my goal is to help people feel understood and build a happy and fulfilling life.
![Photo of Jourdan Travers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/00ff4124-89d0-4c71-b5ec-3dce43925973/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jourdan Travers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07105 (Online Only)
Jourdan Travers is a well-respected psychotherapist who has experience working at premier treatment facilities, including Promises Treatment Center and Malibu Vista. Her therapy style is a blend of various techniques with a holistic and coaching twist. She assists clients in moving through distressing thoughts, managing overwhelming emotions and urges, and focusing on their strengths to achieve long-term results. Additionally, she assists professionals struggling with work/life balance, and individuals struggling with appropriate self-care.
Jourdan Travers is a well-respected psychotherapist who has experience working at premier treatment facilities, including Promises Treatment Center and Malibu Vista. Her therapy style is a blend of various techniques with a holistic and coaching twist. She assists clients in moving through distressing thoughts, managing overwhelming emotions and urges, and focusing on their strengths to achieve long-term results. Additionally, she assists professionals struggling with work/life balance, and individuals struggling with appropriate self-care.
![Photo of Melissa Charfadi, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ff206159-20ae-42b0-84f1-c1c98872c981/2/320x400.jpeg)
I have worked with a very diverse group of people throughout my career as I have spent most of my career working, developing, and managing community mental health programs. I have extensive experience working with individuals with anxiety, depression, sexual identity issues, life transitions, burnout, stress management, personality disorders, mood disorders, psychosis, and trauma histories. I strive to empower people to see their full potential and worth through a client-centered, strength-based approach.
I have worked with a very diverse group of people throughout my career as I have spent most of my career working, developing, and managing community mental health programs. I have extensive experience working with individuals with anxiety, depression, sexual identity issues, life transitions, burnout, stress management, personality disorders, mood disorders, psychosis, and trauma histories. I strive to empower people to see their full potential and worth through a client-centered, strength-based approach.
![Photo of Allison Gaydos - Allison Gaydos: EMDR, Trauma, and Hypnosis, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8615ffff-7332-4018-901a-245f2e6a841d/2/320x400.jpeg)
Allison Gaydos: EMDR, Trauma, and Hypnosis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07104 (Online Only)
I am an experienced EMDR trauma specialist & I love supporting adult children of emotionally immature parents, adults, college students, and post-college grads navigating early adulthood. My clients come to therapy to heal from physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, reduce traumatic memories, and get to know their healthier adult self. We'll work on boundary setting and building rewarding relationships. I offer talk therapy as well as treatments like EMDR and clinical hypnosis that can have a bigger impact and faster results. Book a free 20 min consultation to learn more: cultivatetherapyteam.clientsecure.me
I am an experienced EMDR trauma specialist & I love supporting adult children of emotionally immature parents, adults, college students, and post-college grads navigating early adulthood. My clients come to therapy to heal from physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, reduce traumatic memories, and get to know their healthier adult self. We'll work on boundary setting and building rewarding relationships. I offer talk therapy as well as treatments like EMDR and clinical hypnosis that can have a bigger impact and faster results. Book a free 20 min consultation to learn more: cultivatetherapyteam.clientsecure.me
![Photo of Michael Nichols - DBT Groups & Autism Group, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/eaf9c266-b6f5-4ed7-a810-6dd1b38a95c4/1/320x400.jpeg)
DBT Groups & Autism Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07101 (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is struggling to cope with overwhelming emotions. They may have experienced trauma or abuse in the past, and they may be struggling with unstable and intense relationships. They may have tried individual therapy or even been psychiatrically hospitalized, but they still struggle with anger, mood swings, impulsive and erratic behavior, addictions, suicidal ideation, and self-harm urges and actions. My ideal client is someone who is ready to do more than just change their thinking; they want to change their life.
My ideal client is someone who is struggling to cope with overwhelming emotions. They may have experienced trauma or abuse in the past, and they may be struggling with unstable and intense relationships. They may have tried individual therapy or even been psychiatrically hospitalized, but they still struggle with anger, mood swings, impulsive and erratic behavior, addictions, suicidal ideation, and self-harm urges and actions. My ideal client is someone who is ready to do more than just change their thinking; they want to change their life.
![Photo of Caroline Kushner, LSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4856e185-fabe-4e69-afce-bd31c9832e02/2/320x400.jpeg)
Caroline Kushner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07198 (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Caroline. I am pleased to be here and looking forward to meeting you. My primary goal is that you feel comfortable expressing anything you need to talk about. I believe most of our feelings and thoughts are universal but at the same time, many of us feel judged and therefore remain secretive. We often shrug off our thoughts due to shame and each time we do this we are further away from healing. Personal growth starts with self-acceptance. In a judgmental world, many of us remain hidden and maybe in emotional pain. It is important to be able to talk freely. Make peace with ourselves and grow from there.
Hi, my name is Caroline. I am pleased to be here and looking forward to meeting you. My primary goal is that you feel comfortable expressing anything you need to talk about. I believe most of our feelings and thoughts are universal but at the same time, many of us feel judged and therefore remain secretive. We often shrug off our thoughts due to shame and each time we do this we are further away from healing. Personal growth starts with self-acceptance. In a judgmental world, many of us remain hidden and maybe in emotional pain. It is important to be able to talk freely. Make peace with ourselves and grow from there.
![Photo of Jasmin Rivera, LSW, LCADC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d8ee89e1-c758-499c-8195-e0c210887296/2/320x400.png)
I am a Licensed Social Worker with extensive experience working with people throughout the life span. It is important for me to provide a safe environment in which you can freely and honestly express your emotions, your concerns, and dreams.
I am a Licensed Social Worker with extensive experience working with people throughout the life span. It is important for me to provide a safe environment in which you can freely and honestly express your emotions, your concerns, and dreams.
![Photo of Irina Pravikova - Seventh Heaven Counseling Services LLC , MA , LPC, LCADC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dbc28d1c-7893-4d84-83da-7de599e25c4a/2/320x400.jpeg)
Seventh Heaven Counseling Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07106 (Online Only)
Establishing a rapport that promotes my clients to feel heard, safe and accepted without judgements is one of the most important things for me as a therapist. I strongly believe in a holistic approach. I believe that every person is unique, and what works for one may not work for another.
Establishing a rapport that promotes my clients to feel heard, safe and accepted without judgements is one of the most important things for me as a therapist. I strongly believe in a holistic approach. I believe that every person is unique, and what works for one may not work for another.
![Photo of James J DeSantis, JD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4ce010a1-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
James J DeSantis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07102
I utilize an integrative clinical approach to counseling and employ various therapeutic methods which I have been trained on. Depending upon what will be most helpful for you on a individual basis, my approach draws upon the principles of Person-Centered Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as several other therapeutic methods.
I utilize an integrative clinical approach to counseling and employ various therapeutic methods which I have been trained on. Depending upon what will be most helpful for you on a individual basis, my approach draws upon the principles of Person-Centered Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as several other therapeutic methods.
![Photo of Schaune D Gamble, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e5afdfe4-b888-4d23-8e42-53b260ddb5b0/2/320x400.jpeg)
I believe that personal change takes courage and is a transformative process. In my practice I utilize an eclectic approach which is individualized to each person. I utilize long term and short term platforms depending on a persons needs and preferences.
I believe that personal change takes courage and is a transformative process. In my practice I utilize an eclectic approach which is individualized to each person. I utilize long term and short term platforms depending on a persons needs and preferences.
15 Second Videos
Maryam Hasan
Jourdan Travers
Allison Gaydos: EMDR, Trauma, and Hypnosis
DBT Groups & Autism Group
Seventh Heaven Counseling Services LLC
Susana Gaia
Lashauna Cutts
Dianne Cover: Adults, Women's Issues, Grief
Danika Ali
Alonni Whitaker: Adults, Couples, Youth
Jenny Choi: Couples, Adults, Teens and Kids
Jason V Flemming
Paula Bardales: Adults And Couples
Healing Our Parts
Courtney Taylor: Adults
Teens & Children- Resolution Counseling Center
![Photo of Victoria B Waring, LCSW-R, M-CASAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4993f461-94be-4dde-a1fe-494349ae3df5/1/320x400.jpeg)
Victoria B Waring
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, M-CASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07102 (Online Only)
You deserve to have a life free of anxiety, sadness, flashbacks from past crises and conflicts in relationships. Share your troubles with me so I can strengthen and empower you to help you manage your worries. I work w Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Grief, Bipolar DO, Stress, Anxiety , Relationship issues , Family conflicts , Trauma and abuse , Intimacy-related issues , Sleeping disorders , Anger management , Self esteem , Depression , Coping with life changes , Compassion fatigue , ADHD , Codependency , Communication Problems , Divorce and Separation , Family Problems , Forgiveness , Guilt and Shame. I am also certified in EMDR
You deserve to have a life free of anxiety, sadness, flashbacks from past crises and conflicts in relationships. Share your troubles with me so I can strengthen and empower you to help you manage your worries. I work w Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Grief, Bipolar DO, Stress, Anxiety , Relationship issues , Family conflicts , Trauma and abuse , Intimacy-related issues , Sleeping disorders , Anger management , Self esteem , Depression , Coping with life changes , Compassion fatigue , ADHD , Codependency , Communication Problems , Divorce and Separation , Family Problems , Forgiveness , Guilt and Shame. I am also certified in EMDR
![Photo of Carole Fitzsimmons, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/597f09aa-0142-48dc-a4ed-f17a394e4ea2/2/320x400.jpeg)
Carole Fitzsimmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07104 (Online Only)
I have been a therapist for over 20 years working both with children and adults. I have worked with patients both in outpatient and inpatient facilities. I also have a background with patients who have substance abuse issues – both alcohol and chemical addictions. I have always been able to develop a strong rapport with patients while creating a safe environment. I use whatever tools necessary for patient improvement i.e., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Client Centered Therapy, Mindfulness Based Therapy. My aim is to promote the wellbeing of the client.
I have been a therapist for over 20 years working both with children and adults. I have worked with patients both in outpatient and inpatient facilities. I also have a background with patients who have substance abuse issues – both alcohol and chemical addictions. I have always been able to develop a strong rapport with patients while creating a safe environment. I use whatever tools necessary for patient improvement i.e., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Client Centered Therapy, Mindfulness Based Therapy. My aim is to promote the wellbeing of the client.
![Photo of Joy Journe, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0a32bc36-8fc1-4c8d-b552-068068be773a/2/320x400.jpeg)
Joy Journe graduated with a Master's degree in Social Work from Monmouth University, NJ with a focus on Families and Children. She has worked within the field of social work with various populations for 25 years. Joy can be described as a non judgmental, positive person as well as a professional who deems herself to be a Survivor in life. Joy is known to be able to work with anyone through any situation they are going through as she is a compassionate first. She offers a warm down to earth approach that explores the intersection between mind, body, and spirit.
Joy Journe graduated with a Master's degree in Social Work from Monmouth University, NJ with a focus on Families and Children. She has worked within the field of social work with various populations for 25 years. Joy can be described as a non judgmental, positive person as well as a professional who deems herself to be a Survivor in life. Joy is known to be able to work with anyone through any situation they are going through as she is a compassionate first. She offers a warm down to earth approach that explores the intersection between mind, body, and spirit.
![Photo of Susana Gaia, LPC, LMHC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/537baf2a-7294-4883-8d73-981a65e05544/2/320x400.jpeg)
Susana Gaia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07105
My clients are mostly adult males, 35 - 65 yrs old, struggling with anxiety , internal conflicts and existential issues. Usually they seek my services through the recommendation of a doctor, following a panic attack or a severe anxiety episode that led them to the hospital. Some experience their anxiety as a knot in the throat, problem breathing, racing heart, psychosomatic problems (physical discomfort), intrusive thoughts, sleep disturbance, a disconnect from loved ones. I am trained to assist a person understand what informs their emotional experience, identify their contradictions and connect the dots. Recovery as integration.
My clients are mostly adult males, 35 - 65 yrs old, struggling with anxiety , internal conflicts and existential issues. Usually they seek my services through the recommendation of a doctor, following a panic attack or a severe anxiety episode that led them to the hospital. Some experience their anxiety as a knot in the throat, problem breathing, racing heart, psychosomatic problems (physical discomfort), intrusive thoughts, sleep disturbance, a disconnect from loved ones. I am trained to assist a person understand what informs their emotional experience, identify their contradictions and connect the dots. Recovery as integration.
![Photo of Victor Rivera, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/768ab7ef-4b0f-40af-a092-bd0a987be7d4/1/320x400.jpeg)
Victor Rivera
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07102 (Online Only)
You have the ability to feel better! That is the core principle of my therapeutic approach. My job is to help you maximize your potential and build the skills to improve on your experience. It takes courage to explore your own story, and discussions will be genuine and humanistic. I want you to find hope, and feel free of the burden that life's struggles often bring. I speak both, Spanish and English. I believe the foundation of counseling is empathy and positive client regard, and will always work toward a positive outcome. Counseling is a safe space that is free of judgment, and it is the core of my approach with all clients
You have the ability to feel better! That is the core principle of my therapeutic approach. My job is to help you maximize your potential and build the skills to improve on your experience. It takes courage to explore your own story, and discussions will be genuine and humanistic. I want you to find hope, and feel free of the burden that life's struggles often bring. I speak both, Spanish and English. I believe the foundation of counseling is empathy and positive client regard, and will always work toward a positive outcome. Counseling is a safe space that is free of judgment, and it is the core of my approach with all clients
![Photo of Tatiana Taylor, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/364ea5d1-8b58-44d5-9ecc-31c8e4704596/3/320x400.jpeg)
Tatiana Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07101 (Online Only)
Feeling Overwhelmed by Your Thoughts? Let's Find Clarity Together. When your thoughts leave you feeling trapped and overwhelmed, it can be hard to know where to turn. Enhancing your coping skills is a powerful first step. I’m here to help you unpack negative thoughts and replace them with positive, affirming ones. Together, we’ll explore your emotions and work toward achieving clarity and peace. I specialize in supporting individuals of all ages dealing with Anxiety, Depression, Mood disorders, Bipolar disorder, and ADHD. As someone who is LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC aligned, I’m committed to providing inclusive, affirming care.
Feeling Overwhelmed by Your Thoughts? Let's Find Clarity Together. When your thoughts leave you feeling trapped and overwhelmed, it can be hard to know where to turn. Enhancing your coping skills is a powerful first step. I’m here to help you unpack negative thoughts and replace them with positive, affirming ones. Together, we’ll explore your emotions and work toward achieving clarity and peace. I specialize in supporting individuals of all ages dealing with Anxiety, Depression, Mood disorders, Bipolar disorder, and ADHD. As someone who is LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC aligned, I’m committed to providing inclusive, affirming care.
![Photo of Lashauna Cutts, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a72bff35-3b9c-4123-9455-fb29563e7187/1/320x400.jpeg)
Lashauna Cutts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newark, NJ 07102 (Online Only)
You've come to the right place! I am a seasoned LCSW psychotherapist with over a decade of experience delivering evidenced-based psychotherapies to individuals with mental illness. I have expertise in Cognitive Processing Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Prolonged Exposure. I’m Clinical Director at Nema Health, a telehealth practice that offers effective and research-backed care for trauma survivors. We currently offer Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), the gold star treatment for PTSD that is endorsed by the National Center for PTSD. 90% of our patients experience clinically improvement in PTSD symptoms.
You've come to the right place! I am a seasoned LCSW psychotherapist with over a decade of experience delivering evidenced-based psychotherapies to individuals with mental illness. I have expertise in Cognitive Processing Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Prolonged Exposure. I’m Clinical Director at Nema Health, a telehealth practice that offers effective and research-backed care for trauma survivors. We currently offer Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), the gold star treatment for PTSD that is endorsed by the National Center for PTSD. 90% of our patients experience clinically improvement in PTSD symptoms.
![Photo of Terence Sullivan Lcsw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c49e1d6-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in helping individuals and couples with anger-management, trauma, PTSD, anxiety and depression. My goal is to help people improve their communication skills so that they can express their needs, and feel understood, rather than continue to feel stuck and alone. I am also experienced with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) which helps people cope with stress, and prevents them from getting caught up in negative cycles.
I specialize in helping individuals and couples with anger-management, trauma, PTSD, anxiety and depression. My goal is to help people improve their communication skills so that they can express their needs, and feel understood, rather than continue to feel stuck and alone. I am also experienced with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) which helps people cope with stress, and prevents them from getting caught up in negative cycles.
![Photo of Roderick Alan Murphy - Murphy Counseling & Consulting LLC, MHS-C, LCADC, LPC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4887d3c2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Murphy Counseling & Consulting LLC
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MHS-C, LCADC, LPC
Verified Verified
Newark, NJ 07108 (Online Only)
Over 30 years experience in the Human Services field: Marriage/Couples counseling, Separation Mediation, Multi-talent in Behavioral Health, Mental health Disorders, Substance abuse & Addiction disorders, and Co-occurring & Dual diagnosis disorders populations. Dedicated as a professional to ensure that the health and well being of the consumers are met and that each consumer receive the proper individualized treatment course of action with professional and ethical implementation. I also provide Tele-Therapy/Health sessions. I am also a Veteran of the Armed Forces "Army"..... And open to my brother & sister Veterans to server.
Over 30 years experience in the Human Services field: Marriage/Couples counseling, Separation Mediation, Multi-talent in Behavioral Health, Mental health Disorders, Substance abuse & Addiction disorders, and Co-occurring & Dual diagnosis disorders populations. Dedicated as a professional to ensure that the health and well being of the consumers are met and that each consumer receive the proper individualized treatment course of action with professional and ethical implementation. I also provide Tele-Therapy/Health sessions. I am also a Veteran of the Armed Forces "Army"..... And open to my brother & sister Veterans to server.
See more therapy options for Newark
Nearby Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists Searches for Newark
- Bayonne
- Bloomfield
- East Orange
- Elizabeth
- Glen Ridge
- Irvington
- Lyndhurst
- Maplewood
- Nutley
- South Orange
- Union
- West Orange
Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists
What is the most successful approach to treating borderline personality disorder?
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is considered the gold standard of treatment for borderline personality disorder. An evidence-based treatment, it addresses the extreme emotional reactivity, the relationship difficulties, and the acts of self-harm that create so much distress for BPD patients. DBT is a comprehensive program that includes both regular individual psychotherapy sessions and weekly group sessions of skills training.
What happens in treatment of borderline personality disorder?
Treatment typically consists of weekly individual therapy sessions that last an hour and group skill-focused instructional sessions that may last up to two hours. Patients are typically given homework “assignments” in which they are asked to practice in their daily life the skills they acquire in therapy. Patients also keep a diary tracking their emotions and impulses as a way to know which situations are most problematic and to help them gain control over their own behavior. Difficult situations and feelings are typically reviewed in therapy sessions and more constructive solutions found.
What kinds of problems does BPD treatment help with?
DBT was initially developed to dampen the self-destructive impulses of chronically suicidal patients. It is now the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder, a serious condition marked by extreme emotional reactivity, relationship instability, and self-injurious behaviors. Treatment of BPD helps patients tolerate the flux of emotions without acting on them, often with a specific focus on tolerating negative emotions. DBT addresses the core problems of BPD—fear of abandonment, low self-esteem, and impulsivity.
What is the goal of treatment in borderline personality disorder?
The goal of treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is to relieve the extreme emotional distress that patients experience—to curb their emotional reactivity, to minimize their inclination to self-harm, and to reduce their impulsivity. Toward these ends, patients are not only taught an array of new coping skills and techniques for emotional regulation, they are given opportunities to practice them. Another major goal of treatment is interpersonal effectiveness; patients learn and problem-solve ways to effectively communicate in relationships, especially how to ask for what they need as a way to minimize hurt feelings.