Depression Therapists in Milltown, NJ

Photo of Debra Costantino, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Debra Costantino
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850
Adults struggle with depression, anxiety, and vocational issues as well as relationship problems.
Therapy is a process that allows people to explore, adjust, and reconfigure what isn't working in their lives in a safe, non-judgmental environment. I believe in the power of the therapeutic process. It is the catalyst for people to find clarity, healing, and strength needed to live a content and fulfilling life. It is on this premise that I have built a successful practice working with teenagers, adults, and couples. Through the process we figure out together what the specific issues are, what changes need to be made, and how to go about healing.
Adults struggle with depression, anxiety, and vocational issues as well as relationship problems.
Therapy is a process that allows people to explore, adjust, and reconfigure what isn't working in their lives in a safe, non-judgmental environment. I believe in the power of the therapeutic process. It is the catalyst for people to find clarity, healing, and strength needed to live a content and fulfilling life. It is on this premise that I have built a successful practice working with teenagers, adults, and couples. Through the process we figure out together what the specific issues are, what changes need to be made, and how to go about healing.
(732) 945-8744 View (732) 945-8744
Photo of Alison Hickman - Alison Hickman, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alison Hickman, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850  (Online Only)
You are taking an important first step by investing in yourself with therapy. Let’s understand your experiences better and work toward developing happiness. I practice psychodynamic psychotherapy; which, essentially, means that I attend to the cause and not just the symptom. You do your best to say whatever comes to mind and I do the rest! I work in the areas of depression, anxiety, identity or stage-of-life issues, illness, loss, difficulty trusting your decisions, fluctuating self-esteem, career, and relationship struggles (with family, friends, or significant others).
You are taking an important first step by investing in yourself with therapy. Let’s understand your experiences better and work toward developing happiness. I practice psychodynamic psychotherapy; which, essentially, means that I attend to the cause and not just the symptom. You do your best to say whatever comes to mind and I do the rest! I work in the areas of depression, anxiety, identity or stage-of-life issues, illness, loss, difficulty trusting your decisions, fluctuating self-esteem, career, and relationship struggles (with family, friends, or significant others).
(908) 760-6194 View (908) 760-6194
Photo of Barbara Kaplan-Barrett, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Kaplan-Barrett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850  (Online Only)
There are times in our lives when we can use someone to talk to - someone to help us deal with challenges, help us change and grow, and help us feel better. In our sessions, I will utilize an evidenced-based approach to produce significant change and meaningful improvement. We will focus on short-term goals and solutions to challenges. Over twenty years of experience in outpatient and crisis mental health settings has honed my ability to help adults - aged 18 and up - cope with life's difficulties, such as: adjustment issues, relationship problems, loss, depression, anxiety, grief, and more.
There are times in our lives when we can use someone to talk to - someone to help us deal with challenges, help us change and grow, and help us feel better. In our sessions, I will utilize an evidenced-based approach to produce significant change and meaningful improvement. We will focus on short-term goals and solutions to challenges. Over twenty years of experience in outpatient and crisis mental health settings has honed my ability to help adults - aged 18 and up - cope with life's difficulties, such as: adjustment issues, relationship problems, loss, depression, anxiety, grief, and more.
(732) 520-2064 View (732) 520-2064
Photo of Mary Thorp, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Thorp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 15 years experience. I specialize in the challenges that occur with life transitions during adulthood through older age. This includes treating stress, anxiety and depression symptoms that arise due to physical changes, new and ongoing medical diagnosis, grief, relationship issues and employment changes.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with more than 15 years experience. I specialize in the challenges that occur with life transitions during adulthood through older age. This includes treating stress, anxiety and depression symptoms that arise due to physical changes, new and ongoing medical diagnosis, grief, relationship issues and employment changes.
(732) 561-1889 View (732) 561-1889
Photo of Stephanie Lynn Harris-Kuiper, LPC, LCADC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Lynn Harris-Kuiper
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCADC, ACS
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850
My expertise includes issues related to anxiety, trauma, addiction, depression, substance use, anger management, grief and loss.
I have always believed my purpose in life has been to be an advocate and voice for others who would otherwise remain silent and unheard. Counseling has allowed me to fulfill that purpose for my clients and throughout my professional career, I have provided compassionate counseling services in varied social service settings. I am an experienced, dedicated and insightful mental healthcare professional with over 25 years experience in both individual, family and group counseling. My experiences are broad and cover academic and career counseling which evolved into job coaching for young to older adults from many walks of life.
My expertise includes issues related to anxiety, trauma, addiction, depression, substance use, anger management, grief and loss.
I have always believed my purpose in life has been to be an advocate and voice for others who would otherwise remain silent and unheard. Counseling has allowed me to fulfill that purpose for my clients and throughout my professional career, I have provided compassionate counseling services in varied social service settings. I am an experienced, dedicated and insightful mental healthcare professional with over 25 years experience in both individual, family and group counseling. My experiences are broad and cover academic and career counseling which evolved into job coaching for young to older adults from many walks of life.
(732) 723-5287 View (732) 723-5287
Photo of Heather McCloskey Lopes, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather McCloskey Lopes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850
I am dedicated to assisting individuals with their inner exploration and healing, goal attainment, and self-improvement. I take an integrative approach utilizing the strengths and skills of the client while providing a calm and supportive therapeutic environment.
I am dedicated to assisting individuals with their inner exploration and healing, goal attainment, and self-improvement. I take an integrative approach utilizing the strengths and skills of the client while providing a calm and supportive therapeutic environment.
(908) 897-0460 View (908) 897-0460
Photo of Amanda Szajko, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amanda Szajko
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850
Coming to counseling is a step towards the direction of change. I believe that we all have the ability to heal within us. Sometimes, we need someone on that journey with us. Whether your counseling journey is working through difficult emotions, navigating major life changes, or whatever life brings you, I am here to provide compassionate support and guidance. In a non-judgmental and warm environment, we will walk through this journey together on the path of healing and growth.
Coming to counseling is a step towards the direction of change. I believe that we all have the ability to heal within us. Sometimes, we need someone on that journey with us. Whether your counseling journey is working through difficult emotions, navigating major life changes, or whatever life brings you, I am here to provide compassionate support and guidance. In a non-judgmental and warm environment, we will walk through this journey together on the path of healing and growth.
(848) 361-4674 View (848) 361-4674
Photo of Jonathan Michaels, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan Michaels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850
Life can be quite challenging. If you are going through a difficult time, sharing can make things just a bit better. Together, we can explore ways to help you feel well.
Life can be quite challenging. If you are going through a difficult time, sharing can make things just a bit better. Together, we can explore ways to help you feel well.
(732) 656-8875 View (732) 656-8875
Photo of Melissa Higgins, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Higgins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850
My name is Melissa Higgins, LCSW and I am the owner of the Center for Therapy & Counseling Services, LLC. I enjoy treating trauma, grief/loss, complex conditions, issues with gender identity and/or sexual orientation. I am committed to the power of relationship to heal. My goal is to help help people develop relationships with themselves and others which may bring more meaning into their lives. I believe it is important to listen to the stories my clients have to tell and collaboratively help them develop more adaptive stories.
My name is Melissa Higgins, LCSW and I am the owner of the Center for Therapy & Counseling Services, LLC. I enjoy treating trauma, grief/loss, complex conditions, issues with gender identity and/or sexual orientation. I am committed to the power of relationship to heal. My goal is to help help people develop relationships with themselves and others which may bring more meaning into their lives. I believe it is important to listen to the stories my clients have to tell and collaboratively help them develop more adaptive stories.
(732) 955-4073 View (732) 955-4073
Photo of Elisa Acosta, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elisa Acosta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milltown, NJ 08850  (Online Only)
What do we get from therapy? We must get something, correct? The answer is not straightforward or simple, since each of us will have to assemble or even invent that answer ourselves. In therapy, an encounter emerges, a space, a singular one energized by the need we have to feel better. An encounter with words, sentences, signifiers, even memories that will help us approach the pain. Yes, the emotional pain that at this time is not letting you live at your fullest.
What do we get from therapy? We must get something, correct? The answer is not straightforward or simple, since each of us will have to assemble or even invent that answer ourselves. In therapy, an encounter emerges, a space, a singular one energized by the need we have to feel better. An encounter with words, sentences, signifiers, even memories that will help us approach the pain. Yes, the emotional pain that at this time is not letting you live at your fullest.
(848) 233-4904 View (848) 233-4904

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of J Victoria Laszlo - Laszlo Center 4 Hope Healing, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
J Victoria Laszlo - Laszlo Center 4 Hope Healing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
Although people come to see me for a variety of reasons, my specialties are in the treatment for depression, anxiety, OCD, substance abuse, gaming addiction, ACOA, trauma & sexual abuse, affairs/betrayal, anger issues and variety of sexual concerns - for males, females & couples, families, teenagers.
Are you unhappy, hurt, anxious or angry? Is your life or relationship in a bad place? Everything you tried isn't working? I'm here to help! While on a life journey toward meaning & happiness, sometimes we need to sort through the issues that hold us back or are a heavy weight to carry. Therapy is a place to do that sorting: in a safe & trusting environment, we go through our traveler's bag, keep what's our strengths & passions, resolve the entangled conflicts, and maybe leave behind what no longer serves us within our hearts. I would love to be your guide in this journey.
Although people come to see me for a variety of reasons, my specialties are in the treatment for depression, anxiety, OCD, substance abuse, gaming addiction, ACOA, trauma & sexual abuse, affairs/betrayal, anger issues and variety of sexual concerns - for males, females & couples, families, teenagers.
Are you unhappy, hurt, anxious or angry? Is your life or relationship in a bad place? Everything you tried isn't working? I'm here to help! While on a life journey toward meaning & happiness, sometimes we need to sort through the issues that hold us back or are a heavy weight to carry. Therapy is a place to do that sorting: in a safe & trusting environment, we go through our traveler's bag, keep what's our strengths & passions, resolve the entangled conflicts, and maybe leave behind what no longer serves us within our hearts. I would love to be your guide in this journey.
(732) 903-2388 View (732) 903-2388
Photo of Nechama Willner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nechama Willner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
I'm Nechama Willner, dedicated to offering therapy to young adults and adults, holding a Master's degree in Social Work from Touro College. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I specialize in addressing trauma, depression, and anxiety. My professional journey has allowed me to work across diverse settings, where I blend a down-to-earth and compassionate approach with a strength-based perspective, aiming to empower each client to flourish. I'm deeply passionate about supporting others in overcoming challenges and navigating life's hurdles successfully.
I'm Nechama Willner, dedicated to offering therapy to young adults and adults, holding a Master's degree in Social Work from Touro College. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I specialize in addressing trauma, depression, and anxiety. My professional journey has allowed me to work across diverse settings, where I blend a down-to-earth and compassionate approach with a strength-based perspective, aiming to empower each client to flourish. I'm deeply passionate about supporting others in overcoming challenges and navigating life's hurdles successfully.
(732) 858-0943 View (732) 858-0943
Photo of Harry Albert Green, PsyD, Psychologist
Harry Albert Green
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
In addition to treating anxiety and depression, we offer anger management counseling, cooperative parenting and parental reunification counseling, and sex offender specific treatment.
I am a forensic and clinical psychologist with expertise in conducting psychological evaluations in legal contexts. More specifically, I conduct evaluations including those for child custody, violence and sex-offender risk assessment, independent medical evaluations, fitness for duty, fitness to carry a firearm, international adoption, and child custody evaluations.
In addition to treating anxiety and depression, we offer anger management counseling, cooperative parenting and parental reunification counseling, and sex offender specific treatment.
I am a forensic and clinical psychologist with expertise in conducting psychological evaluations in legal contexts. More specifically, I conduct evaluations including those for child custody, violence and sex-offender risk assessment, independent medical evaluations, fitness for duty, fitness to carry a firearm, international adoption, and child custody evaluations.
(856) 292-6064 View (856) 292-6064
Photo of Jeffrey Obiekwe, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jeffrey Obiekwe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Brunswick, NJ 08901  (Online Only)
Jeff is a Licensed Professional Counselor with extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults and families in diverse levels of care and treatment settings. As a therapist Jeff provides a safe supportive space for individuals to process their thoughts and feelings. Jeff seeks to empower his clients, foster self-awareness so that they can accomplish their goals and live healthier lives. Jeff provides individualized therapy focusing on issue related to depression, anxiety, substance use, anger management, trauma and interpersonal conflict.
Jeff is a Licensed Professional Counselor with extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults and families in diverse levels of care and treatment settings. As a therapist Jeff provides a safe supportive space for individuals to process their thoughts and feelings. Jeff seeks to empower his clients, foster self-awareness so that they can accomplish their goals and live healthier lives. Jeff provides individualized therapy focusing on issue related to depression, anxiety, substance use, anger management, trauma and interpersonal conflict.
(973) 264-0538 View (973) 264-0538
Photo of Kathleen Ketofsky, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen Ketofsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North Brunswick, NJ 08902
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, family and relationship conflicts, low academic performance, trauma, and social skills issues, and performance.
My work with clients is strongly based on developing a connection that allows us to work together to resolve the concerns that you are seeking assistance for. I encourage and support my clients in taking an active role in reaching their personal goals and learning new techniques to achieve these goals. Through this partnership, clients are encouraged to explore thoughts, fears, and options in a safe environment.
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, family and relationship conflicts, low academic performance, trauma, and social skills issues, and performance.
My work with clients is strongly based on developing a connection that allows us to work together to resolve the concerns that you are seeking assistance for. I encourage and support my clients in taking an active role in reaching their personal goals and learning new techniques to achieve these goals. Through this partnership, clients are encouraged to explore thoughts, fears, and options in a safe environment.
(732) 595-4221 View (732) 595-4221
Photo of Rea Allarey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rea Allarey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
Hello, I'm Rea Allarey, a licensed clinical social worker with over a decade of experience in both inpatient and outpatient medical environments. Life often presents us with stress and overwhelm, and I'm here to guide you through those challenges. Whether you're grappling with depression, anxiety, life changes, grief, health concerns, or interpersonal difficulties, I'm here to support you. Everyone deserves a listening ear and encouragement. Together, we can cultivate effective coping strategies to navigate life's uncertainties. I'm eager to collaborate with you!
Hello, I'm Rea Allarey, a licensed clinical social worker with over a decade of experience in both inpatient and outpatient medical environments. Life often presents us with stress and overwhelm, and I'm here to guide you through those challenges. Whether you're grappling with depression, anxiety, life changes, grief, health concerns, or interpersonal difficulties, I'm here to support you. Everyone deserves a listening ear and encouragement. Together, we can cultivate effective coping strategies to navigate life's uncertainties. I'm eager to collaborate with you!
(732) 355-3670 View (732) 355-3670
Photo of Penny Santangelo, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Penny Santangelo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
North Brunswick, NJ 08902
She is experienced with working a wide range of mental health issues such as perinatal/postpartum mood disorders, adjustments, anxiety, and depression.
Penny received her Master's and Education Specialist degree in School Counseling and Professional Counseling from Seton Hall University. She also received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Rider University. Penny has completed mental health training in perinatal and postpartum through Postpartum Support International (PSI). She is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified School Counselor in the state of New Jersey. Penny has had experience working in hospital setting, partial setting, schools, outpatient, and private practice.
She is experienced with working a wide range of mental health issues such as perinatal/postpartum mood disorders, adjustments, anxiety, and depression.
Penny received her Master's and Education Specialist degree in School Counseling and Professional Counseling from Seton Hall University. She also received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Rider University. Penny has completed mental health training in perinatal and postpartum through Postpartum Support International (PSI). She is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified School Counselor in the state of New Jersey. Penny has had experience working in hospital setting, partial setting, schools, outpatient, and private practice.
(848) 216-0797 View (848) 216-0797
Photo of Shenelle DePaul - Sprouting Solutions Psychotherapy, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sprouting Solutions Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New Brunswick, NJ 08901  (Online Only)
My specialty areas include depression, anxiety & other mood disorders; life transitions, trauma & abuse, self-esteem, & relationship issues.
Welcome! I'm Shenelle. I am happy you're here. I sincerely believe that all people deserve to live a healthy & positive life. By taking the first steps into therapy, you are choosing to better your life & your well-being. My mission is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts & feelings openly. I strive to create a warm & welcoming space where you feel heard, respected, & understood. Life’s challenges are inevitable. Why face them alone? As a therapist, I hope to ask objective questions, learn more about what makes you unique & complex and provide you with resources for success.
My specialty areas include depression, anxiety & other mood disorders; life transitions, trauma & abuse, self-esteem, & relationship issues.
Welcome! I'm Shenelle. I am happy you're here. I sincerely believe that all people deserve to live a healthy & positive life. By taking the first steps into therapy, you are choosing to better your life & your well-being. My mission is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts & feelings openly. I strive to create a warm & welcoming space where you feel heard, respected, & understood. Life’s challenges are inevitable. Why face them alone? As a therapist, I hope to ask objective questions, learn more about what makes you unique & complex and provide you with resources for success.
(732) 756-9895 View (732) 756-9895
Photo of Natasha Kaycee, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Natasha Kaycee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
*Accepting new clients. I specialize in working with clients to overcome depression, anxiety and relationship concerns. Communicating with our spouse, parents, children or loved ones can often be a struggle. “I didn’t say that. That’s not what I meant. You don’t understand me.” Any of these sound familiar? Developing communication skills, creating healthy boundaries in relationships and managing conflict effectively are essential skills. Empowering individuals and supporting their families during this journey is at the core of my delivery of care.
*Accepting new clients. I specialize in working with clients to overcome depression, anxiety and relationship concerns. Communicating with our spouse, parents, children or loved ones can often be a struggle. “I didn’t say that. That’s not what I meant. You don’t understand me.” Any of these sound familiar? Developing communication skills, creating healthy boundaries in relationships and managing conflict effectively are essential skills. Empowering individuals and supporting their families during this journey is at the core of my delivery of care.
(910) 218-8780 View (910) 218-8780
Photo of Vanessa Morales, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Vanessa Morales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
I utilize interventions informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Somatic Therapy to support you through challenges like anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected? If you’re ready to work collaboratively, motivated to make a change, and open to exploring new ways to grow, you’re in the right place. Together, we’ll focus on helping you find balance and live in alignment with your values. If you’re ready to attend to your mental health needs and embrace the healing process, I’d be honored to support you on this journey toward a more fulfilling life.
I utilize interventions informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Somatic Therapy to support you through challenges like anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.
Feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected? If you’re ready to work collaboratively, motivated to make a change, and open to exploring new ways to grow, you’re in the right place. Together, we’ll focus on helping you find balance and live in alignment with your values. If you’re ready to attend to your mental health needs and embrace the healing process, I’d be honored to support you on this journey toward a more fulfilling life.
(732) 333-8520 View (732) 333-8520

See more therapy options for Milltown

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.