Therapists in Hunterdon County, NJ

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Photo of Juliette D'Ambrosio, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Juliette D'Ambrosio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Annandale, NJ 08801
My expertise lies within within helping adolescents & their families struggling with mental health problems, behavioral problems, trauma related issues, and substance use disorders.
My expertise lies within within helping adolescents & their families struggling with mental health problems, behavioral problems, trauma related issues, and substance use disorders.
(908) 373-5361 View (908) 373-5361
Photo of Michelle Hoffman Ten Eyck, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Hoffman Ten Eyck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Flemington, NJ 08822  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Michelle, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have a variety of clinical experience that will bring an open-minded and validating perspective to our sessions. I enjoy working with those in a transitional period in their life, and those struggling with anxiety or other mood disorders, or any issue that is bringing stress. Many years working in this field, have brought me acceptance and understanding on many issues, and the emotional journey surrounding them. I would love to work with someone who is searching for peace in their life, and is open to ways of finding it. We can work on this together!
Hello! My name is Michelle, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have a variety of clinical experience that will bring an open-minded and validating perspective to our sessions. I enjoy working with those in a transitional period in their life, and those struggling with anxiety or other mood disorders, or any issue that is bringing stress. Many years working in this field, have brought me acceptance and understanding on many issues, and the emotional journey surrounding them. I would love to work with someone who is searching for peace in their life, and is open to ways of finding it. We can work on this together!
(908) 258-9755 View (908) 258-9755
Photo of Marsha Morris, PhD, Psychologist
Marsha Morris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Clinton, NJ 08809
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist practicing in Clinton, NJ with over 25 years of experience helping people who have been suffering and struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship problems, loss, and major life change issues. If you are looking for help because you feel overwhelmed and usual ways of managing struggles seem not to work, I can help you by listening carefully and thoughtfully to your problems and struggles and then help you find better ways to manage your life and these issues. The goal of our work together is to reduce anxiety and emotional pain and to live a more joyful and productive life.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist practicing in Clinton, NJ with over 25 years of experience helping people who have been suffering and struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship problems, loss, and major life change issues. If you are looking for help because you feel overwhelmed and usual ways of managing struggles seem not to work, I can help you by listening carefully and thoughtfully to your problems and struggles and then help you find better ways to manage your life and these issues. The goal of our work together is to reduce anxiety and emotional pain and to live a more joyful and productive life.
(908) 287-1107 View (908) 287-1107
Photo of Victoria Salazar, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Victoria Salazar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton, NJ 08809  (Online Only)
Entering into therapy can provoke an array of emotions and that is okay! Opportunities towards recovery and healing are always available. You have already accomplished the first step by choosing to seek help. Your journey starts now. I believe the therapeutic relationship is built on collaboration and transparency. I encourage clients to explore their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors to identify cognitive and behavioral patterns that interfere with their well-being and productivity.
Entering into therapy can provoke an array of emotions and that is okay! Opportunities towards recovery and healing are always available. You have already accomplished the first step by choosing to seek help. Your journey starts now. I believe the therapeutic relationship is built on collaboration and transparency. I encourage clients to explore their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors to identify cognitive and behavioral patterns that interfere with their well-being and productivity.
(908) 388-9272 View (908) 388-9272
Photo of Jenna Kimock, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenna Kimock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Flemington, NJ 08822
I offer individual therapy, consultations, and home visits. Therapy topics I work with are (but not limited to): Depression, anxiety (all mood disorders), relationship issues, divorce, stress management, trauma, caregiver stress and fatigue, living with dementia, self-esteem, coping skills, and life transition. I also offer clinical supervision to social workers looking to obtain clinical licensure.
I offer individual therapy, consultations, and home visits. Therapy topics I work with are (but not limited to): Depression, anxiety (all mood disorders), relationship issues, divorce, stress management, trauma, caregiver stress and fatigue, living with dementia, self-esteem, coping skills, and life transition. I also offer clinical supervision to social workers looking to obtain clinical licensure.
(908) 428-6101 View (908) 428-6101
Photo of David Errickson - Portum Behavioral Health, LCSW, LCADC, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Errickson - Portum Behavioral Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, CCS
Verified Verified
Annandale, NJ 08801
My focus is on helping adolescents & their families struggling with mental health problems, behavioral problems, trauma related issues, and substance use disorders.
My focus is on helping adolescents & their families struggling with mental health problems, behavioral problems, trauma related issues, and substance use disorders.
(908) 389-7791 View (908) 389-7791
Photo of Jennifer Dechert, MA, PsyD, Psychologist
Jennifer Dechert
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Clinton, NJ 08809  (Online Only)
Welcome! I have a compassionate heart to help bring relief/tools to those who feel anxious, self doubt, not enough, disconnected, unfulfilled, & insecure. Perhaps you are an adult child of emotionally immature family or find it challenging to resolve conflicts, say no without guilt, set boundaries, or find your own confident voice in your life. There may a lot of grief related to this. Are you a helping professional, caregiver, parent, high achiever, people pleaser, perfectionist etc.- burned out or want to prevent feeling that way? Everyone has a story & you aren't alone. Contact me for free consultation today.
Welcome! I have a compassionate heart to help bring relief/tools to those who feel anxious, self doubt, not enough, disconnected, unfulfilled, & insecure. Perhaps you are an adult child of emotionally immature family or find it challenging to resolve conflicts, say no without guilt, set boundaries, or find your own confident voice in your life. There may a lot of grief related to this. Are you a helping professional, caregiver, parent, high achiever, people pleaser, perfectionist etc.- burned out or want to prevent feeling that way? Everyone has a story & you aren't alone. Contact me for free consultation today.
(908) 386-4855 View (908) 386-4855
Photo of Nadyne Busichio, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nadyne Busichio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Flemington, NJ 08822
Have you just found out that your partner has been cheating? Maybe you’re unsure if the relationship is worth fighting for. Are you thinking of leaving after discovering your partner’s infidelity? When an affair is discovered, couples are overcome by feelings of betrayal. If you are having difficulty trusting your partner and are not sure if the relationship can heal after the affair, now is the time to connect with someone who can help. Working together, we will develop a plan to help you heal and rebuild trust. Continue reading to learn how booking a couples therapy session today is the best decision for your marriage.
Have you just found out that your partner has been cheating? Maybe you’re unsure if the relationship is worth fighting for. Are you thinking of leaving after discovering your partner’s infidelity? When an affair is discovered, couples are overcome by feelings of betrayal. If you are having difficulty trusting your partner and are not sure if the relationship can heal after the affair, now is the time to connect with someone who can help. Working together, we will develop a plan to help you heal and rebuild trust. Continue reading to learn how booking a couples therapy session today is the best decision for your marriage.
(908) 916-3758 View (908) 916-3758
Photo of Ilona (Missy) Giordano, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ilona (Missy) Giordano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Asbury, NJ 08802  (Online Only)
I am a down to earth counselor whose style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I do not believe in stigmatizing labels. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, client-centered and mindfulness therapy's. I am always open to more approaches if the direction is necessary. I am kind and pride myself on being open and honest with my clients. Connection and Understanding produce trust. As trust begins to happen, Validation can start to begin and then the changing/healing whatever process you need to go through can and will begin.
I am a down to earth counselor whose style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I do not believe in stigmatizing labels. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, client-centered and mindfulness therapy's. I am always open to more approaches if the direction is necessary. I am kind and pride myself on being open and honest with my clients. Connection and Understanding produce trust. As trust begins to happen, Validation can start to begin and then the changing/healing whatever process you need to go through can and will begin.
(908) 676-6892 View (908) 676-6892
Photo of Carole Ammann, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carole Ammann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ringoes, NJ 08551
“Create a new therapy for every patient” (Irvin Yalom, The Gift of Therapy, 2002) No two individuals are the same and so each therapeutic relationship is distinct. The connection between client and therapist is a unique one, and unlike any other human experience. My years of practice have taught me that the development of trust provides the framework for change to occur. Whether it be a need to understand yourself better, deal with a transition or loss, navigate relationship issues, change unhealthy patterns or better manage debilitating symptoms associated with anxiety or depression, therapy can provide the environment and tools.
“Create a new therapy for every patient” (Irvin Yalom, The Gift of Therapy, 2002) No two individuals are the same and so each therapeutic relationship is distinct. The connection between client and therapist is a unique one, and unlike any other human experience. My years of practice have taught me that the development of trust provides the framework for change to occur. Whether it be a need to understand yourself better, deal with a transition or loss, navigate relationship issues, change unhealthy patterns or better manage debilitating symptoms associated with anxiety or depression, therapy can provide the environment and tools.
(908) 402-3803 View (908) 402-3803
Photo of Tricia A Giordano, MA, LPC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tricia A Giordano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Flemington, NJ 08822  (Online Only)
Life throws all of us curve balls and seeking support is healthy and courageous. As a licensed professional counselor and licensed clinical alcohol & drug counselor, I specialize in providing services to help individuals cope with life's challenges and changes. My goal is to help my clients have a better quality of life.
Life throws all of us curve balls and seeking support is healthy and courageous. As a licensed professional counselor and licensed clinical alcohol & drug counselor, I specialize in providing services to help individuals cope with life's challenges and changes. My goal is to help my clients have a better quality of life.
(908) 895-5083 View (908) 895-5083
Photo of Caroline Swantkoski, MS, LMFT, PMH-C, Marriage & Family Therapist
Caroline Swantkoski
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Flemington, NJ 08822  (Online Only)
Having a baby changes your life. While it is often a joyful time, it can also be very challenging and demanding. Are you postpartum and struggling with the transition to parenthood? Do you feel overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, and/or depressed? Do you feel like you are just not yourself? If you are just thinking about starting a family, trying to conceive, pregnant, or adjusting to life postpartum; maternal and paternal mental health is important. Parents deserve support during this time.
Having a baby changes your life. While it is often a joyful time, it can also be very challenging and demanding. Are you postpartum and struggling with the transition to parenthood? Do you feel overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, and/or depressed? Do you feel like you are just not yourself? If you are just thinking about starting a family, trying to conceive, pregnant, or adjusting to life postpartum; maternal and paternal mental health is important. Parents deserve support during this time.
(732) 781-0987 View (732) 781-0987
Photo of Ella McAllister, MSW, LCSW, LCADC, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ella McAllister
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCADC, CCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Flemington, NJ 08822
Now that you have taken the first step in seeking help, together we can take the second step towards addressing the presenting problem. Let’s develop a deeper understanding of yourself through recognizing & understanding patterns that may be causing you emotional distress. Let's explore the thought-emotion-behavior connection so that you can rewrite the narrative, improve your emotional state, change your behavioral response, & improve upon coping skills. Therapeutic interventions include the evidence-based practices of: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Certified CBT Practitioner) and Motivational Interviewing.
Now that you have taken the first step in seeking help, together we can take the second step towards addressing the presenting problem. Let’s develop a deeper understanding of yourself through recognizing & understanding patterns that may be causing you emotional distress. Let's explore the thought-emotion-behavior connection so that you can rewrite the narrative, improve your emotional state, change your behavioral response, & improve upon coping skills. Therapeutic interventions include the evidence-based practices of: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Certified CBT Practitioner) and Motivational Interviewing.
(908) 628-0944 View (908) 628-0944
Photo of Doug Graiver, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Doug Graiver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lambertville, NJ 08530
Over the years in my work with children, couples, families, as well as those struggling with substance use and other difficulties, I think about rocks. Specifically, rocks that weigh us down emotionally, due to difficult childhood experiences, troubling relationships, and from events or challenges one faces in their lives. Many clients come into counseling with the belief that they are inherently flawed. Inevitably, during our work together we uncover some of the rocks that weigh them down emotionally. The resulting awareness can be quite effective in relieving or reducing one from those old self-defeating messages.
Over the years in my work with children, couples, families, as well as those struggling with substance use and other difficulties, I think about rocks. Specifically, rocks that weigh us down emotionally, due to difficult childhood experiences, troubling relationships, and from events or challenges one faces in their lives. Many clients come into counseling with the belief that they are inherently flawed. Inevitably, during our work together we uncover some of the rocks that weigh them down emotionally. The resulting awareness can be quite effective in relieving or reducing one from those old self-defeating messages.
(609) 201-1349 View (609) 201-1349
Photo of Patricia Ann Watts-Scheffel, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Ann Watts-Scheffel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milford, NJ 08848
I believe we are all born whole and therefore inherently know our own truth. Through years of external judgements and internal doubts, we lose this connection. Healing comes from within. My role is to facilitate the reconnection with your core self to promote healthier, satisfying relationships within yourself, family friends and the world at large.
I believe we are all born whole and therefore inherently know our own truth. Through years of external judgements and internal doubts, we lose this connection. Healing comes from within. My role is to facilitate the reconnection with your core self to promote healthier, satisfying relationships within yourself, family friends and the world at large.
(844) 769-2824 View (844) 769-2824
Photo of Karin Gruss, LCSW, LCADC, DVS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karin Gruss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, DVS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clinton, NJ 08809
I specialize in empowering individuals who are trapped in people pleasing behaviors to break free from self doubt and overthinking, fostering self confidence and assertiveness for a more authentic and fulfilling life. I help clients connect deeply with their core values, guiding them through a journey of self discovery and alignment.
I specialize in empowering individuals who are trapped in people pleasing behaviors to break free from self doubt and overthinking, fostering self confidence and assertiveness for a more authentic and fulfilling life. I help clients connect deeply with their core values, guiding them through a journey of self discovery and alignment.
(908) 364-5552 View (908) 364-5552
Photo of Marissa Mansueto, MA, LPC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marissa Mansueto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Flemington, NJ 08822
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over twenty years of therapeutic experience. I have extensive training in providing evidence-based practices to adolescents, adults, and families. My experience comes from working with individuals from diverse backgrounds struggling with various psychological and behavioral challenges.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over twenty years of therapeutic experience. I have extensive training in providing evidence-based practices to adolescents, adults, and families. My experience comes from working with individuals from diverse backgrounds struggling with various psychological and behavioral challenges.
(908) 860-8462 View (908) 860-8462
Photo of Lisa Morra, LCSW-S, RPT, CCATP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Morra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, RPT, CCATP
Verified Verified
Flemington, NJ 08822
During these uncertain times, feelings of worry, sadness, anger and loneliness are more common, but you are not alone and do not need to face these feelings in isolation. My goal is to support you as we work together in a safe, non-judgmental environment where you will find compassion, understanding and resolution. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Registered Play Therapist I have 20+ years of experience counseling children, adolescents, and adults specializing in anxiety, trauma, depression, stress, parent/child attachment, grief/loss, family issues, child play therapy and parent training for adoption/foster care.
During these uncertain times, feelings of worry, sadness, anger and loneliness are more common, but you are not alone and do not need to face these feelings in isolation. My goal is to support you as we work together in a safe, non-judgmental environment where you will find compassion, understanding and resolution. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Registered Play Therapist I have 20+ years of experience counseling children, adolescents, and adults specializing in anxiety, trauma, depression, stress, parent/child attachment, grief/loss, family issues, child play therapy and parent training for adoption/foster care.
(908) 650-8251 View (908) 650-8251
Photo of Gwen Blake Birch Tree Therapeutic Arts, EdS, LPC, MFT, ICST, SAC, SAC,CZT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gwen Blake Birch Tree Therapeutic Arts
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, MFT, ICST, SAC, SAC,CZT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clinton, NJ 08809
Moving toward changing unfamiliar and familiar stress is a critical part of therapeutic healing. Life struggles and incongruence often cause avoidance, overthinking, big emotions, or unhelpful habits and attitudes, which tend to cycle and leave you to feel unresolved. Creating clarity and identifying what needs change in your life opens new ways to cope, creating space for amazing change in your life today. gaining clarity and moving toward to a more, meaningful, congruent and focused life. Individuals (child-adults), couples, and families are welcome. I offer appointments (8am - 8pm) in my new office space (and online).
Moving toward changing unfamiliar and familiar stress is a critical part of therapeutic healing. Life struggles and incongruence often cause avoidance, overthinking, big emotions, or unhelpful habits and attitudes, which tend to cycle and leave you to feel unresolved. Creating clarity and identifying what needs change in your life opens new ways to cope, creating space for amazing change in your life today. gaining clarity and moving toward to a more, meaningful, congruent and focused life. Individuals (child-adults), couples, and families are welcome. I offer appointments (8am - 8pm) in my new office space (and online).
(908) 838-4184 View (908) 838-4184
Photo of Marielena Motta, MS, LCADC, LPC, CFRC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marielena Motta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCADC, LPC, CFRC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Flemington, NJ 08822
I have been providing mental health and substance abuse treatment for 23 years. By utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, I assist my clients with exploration of their thoughts and feelings and how these impact behavior. I encourage my clients to explore their beliefs and world view and identify maladaptive coping skills. The goal is to develop a healthy lifestyle. Together we explore how each individual adopted his or her current lifestyle, what needs they were attempting to fulfill, and how and what they would like to change. Through the therapeutic relationship individuals become empowered to create a new life narrative.
I have been providing mental health and substance abuse treatment for 23 years. By utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, I assist my clients with exploration of their thoughts and feelings and how these impact behavior. I encourage my clients to explore their beliefs and world view and identify maladaptive coping skills. The goal is to develop a healthy lifestyle. Together we explore how each individual adopted his or her current lifestyle, what needs they were attempting to fulfill, and how and what they would like to change. Through the therapeutic relationship individuals become empowered to create a new life narrative.
(732) 455-9117 View (732) 455-9117
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hunterdon County, NJ

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Hunterdon County, NJ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
67% Stress
63% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
62% Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Hunterdon County, NJ see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hunterdon County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.