Psychodynamic Therapists in Haddon Township, NJ

Photo of Janet Sokoloff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janet Sokoloff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08108  (Online Only)
As we move through life, obstacles, challenges, disappointments and past pain can become road blocks to living the life we truly want. In therapy we can create a supportive, safe and accepting place for you to explore and dismantle the elements that have kept you stuck, and uncover your true potential to lead a life that is fulfilling and meaningful. If you are ready for this journey of self-discovery and change, I would be honored to work with you.
As we move through life, obstacles, challenges, disappointments and past pain can become road blocks to living the life we truly want. In therapy we can create a supportive, safe and accepting place for you to explore and dismantle the elements that have kept you stuck, and uncover your true potential to lead a life that is fulfilling and meaningful. If you are ready for this journey of self-discovery and change, I would be honored to work with you.
(856) 406-2884 View (856) 406-2884
Photo of Barbara Faracchio, LCADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Barbara Faracchio
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
Barbara is a Licensed Professional Counselor in NJ and PA, and a Licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor in NJ. Barbara earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology at Temple University and received her master’s degree from Chestnut Hill College in Counseling and Clinical Psychology. Barbara’s approach is warm, encouraging, and collaborative. She has experience working with adults in early and long-term recovery. Barbara practices trauma-informed counseling and has experience working with clients who are survivors of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, mental abuse, and neglect.
Barbara is a Licensed Professional Counselor in NJ and PA, and a Licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor in NJ. Barbara earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology at Temple University and received her master’s degree from Chestnut Hill College in Counseling and Clinical Psychology. Barbara’s approach is warm, encouraging, and collaborative. She has experience working with adults in early and long-term recovery. Barbara practices trauma-informed counseling and has experience working with clients who are survivors of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, mental abuse, and neglect.
(856) 854-3155 x165 View (856) 854-3155 x165
Photo of Lauren Morrison, LPC, NBCC, MA, Counselor
Lauren Morrison
Counselor, LPC, NBCC, MA
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
Specializing In..... Child and Adolescent and Family Therapy * Individual Anxieties *School & Group Counseling * Children and Adolescent Counseling *Eating Disorder Counseling *Divorce Recovery and Peaceful Resolution of Family *Education Counseling for Elementary Students and Special Education Students and Parents *Educational Plan and IEP consulting * Social Skills and Conflict Resolution
Specializing In..... Child and Adolescent and Family Therapy * Individual Anxieties *School & Group Counseling * Children and Adolescent Counseling *Eating Disorder Counseling *Divorce Recovery and Peaceful Resolution of Family *Education Counseling for Elementary Students and Special Education Students and Parents *Educational Plan and IEP consulting * Social Skills and Conflict Resolution
(609) 451-2022 View (609) 451-2022
Photo of Peter Golboro, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Peter Golboro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
My aim is to better understand your life experiences and relationships in determining whether they are contributing to or challenging your day-to-day well-being. The relationship we will build will serve as an important piece to increase understanding and where the healing process can begin. Therapeutic goals vary, however, individual insights provide the opportunity for perspective shifts in how we feel about ourselves, our experiences and our relationships. Throughout this process, a majority of my clients find symptom relief as they develop an increased capacity to tolerate and regulate challenging emotions.
My aim is to better understand your life experiences and relationships in determining whether they are contributing to or challenging your day-to-day well-being. The relationship we will build will serve as an important piece to increase understanding and where the healing process can begin. Therapeutic goals vary, however, individual insights provide the opportunity for perspective shifts in how we feel about ourselves, our experiences and our relationships. Throughout this process, a majority of my clients find symptom relief as they develop an increased capacity to tolerate and regulate challenging emotions.
(717) 297-1832 View (717) 297-1832
Photo of Sarah Mello - Here and Now Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor
Here and Now Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
Here and Now Counseling and Consultation is a small group practice located in Haddon Township New Jersey. We offer individual, couples, group and family counseling to people of all genders ages 6 and up. We are offering in-person and telehealth services and have evening and weekend sessions as well as weekday appointments.
Here and Now Counseling and Consultation is a small group practice located in Haddon Township New Jersey. We offer individual, couples, group and family counseling to people of all genders ages 6 and up. We are offering in-person and telehealth services and have evening and weekend sessions as well as weekday appointments.
(609) 710-9673 View (609) 710-9673
Photo of Janice Britt-Meadows - Aspire To Achieve Counseling Services. LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aspire To Achieve Counseling Services. LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
Greetings, I am Janice,, as a psychotherapist, I would define myself and my foundation as eclectic. I believe that the human condition and many stages of our life cycle presents challenges and conflict. As your therapist, my goal is to help you move to a better space in your life. You and I we will work together through your distress or conflict. I am comfortable with all ages. I also run many groups at my practice.
Greetings, I am Janice,, as a psychotherapist, I would define myself and my foundation as eclectic. I believe that the human condition and many stages of our life cycle presents challenges and conflict. As your therapist, my goal is to help you move to a better space in your life. You and I we will work together through your distress or conflict. I am comfortable with all ages. I also run many groups at my practice.
(856) 292-8194 View (856) 292-8194
Photo of Brooke Deschenes, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brooke Deschenes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08108  (Online Only)
Brooke is a Licensed Professional Counselor in New Jersey and has been working in the field of mental health and addiction for over 7 years. Brooke obtained her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Shippensburg University. Brooke works primarily with adolescents and adults struggling with a variety of issues, including but not limited to: depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, trauma, substance abuse, self-esteem, and stress related issues. Additionally, I am an approved clinical supervisor for LPC candidates in NJ.
Brooke is a Licensed Professional Counselor in New Jersey and has been working in the field of mental health and addiction for over 7 years. Brooke obtained her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Shippensburg University. Brooke works primarily with adolescents and adults struggling with a variety of issues, including but not limited to: depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, trauma, substance abuse, self-esteem, and stress related issues. Additionally, I am an approved clinical supervisor for LPC candidates in NJ.
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Photo of Stacy Hanak, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacy Hanak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
Looking inward isn’t easy. It takes hard work to look at the stuff that keeps getting in the way of having the life you want. Often times it’s fear, other times it’s something more concrete. No matter what barriers you’re facing, together we can work through the fears and accomplish your goals. When we’re suffering from a loss, fighting a personal battle, processing a difficult childhood, facing a scary diagnosis, or other major life transition we all need support to have someone to walk along side us, see the light when we cannot, and hold us until we’re on the other side.
Looking inward isn’t easy. It takes hard work to look at the stuff that keeps getting in the way of having the life you want. Often times it’s fear, other times it’s something more concrete. No matter what barriers you’re facing, together we can work through the fears and accomplish your goals. When we’re suffering from a loss, fighting a personal battle, processing a difficult childhood, facing a scary diagnosis, or other major life transition we all need support to have someone to walk along side us, see the light when we cannot, and hold us until we’re on the other side.
(484) 334-8211 View (484) 334-8211
Photo of Johanna Clark, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Johanna Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08108
It is with great pleasure that I have practiced with individuals of all ages for the last 25 years. I enjoy building trust in the therapeutic relationship-even with those who are resistant or not sure if therapy is for them. Accompanying individuals on their journey to self-discovery and witnessing their transformation is an enormous privilege of my job. People come to therapy looking to "fix" things. We forget that often we contain the solution to our problems, but that the solutions are buried under the residue of stressful life events, trauma and loss.
It is with great pleasure that I have practiced with individuals of all ages for the last 25 years. I enjoy building trust in the therapeutic relationship-even with those who are resistant or not sure if therapy is for them. Accompanying individuals on their journey to self-discovery and witnessing their transformation is an enormous privilege of my job. People come to therapy looking to "fix" things. We forget that often we contain the solution to our problems, but that the solutions are buried under the residue of stressful life events, trauma and loss.
(856) 656-4859 View (856) 656-4859
Audubon Psychological Services, L.L.C.
Psychologist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Haddon Township, NJ 08107
Our practice is composed of three licensed psychologists - Dr. Christina Treutler, Dr. Leon Neubauer and Dr. Margaret Edwards. Our practice is oriented toward building a collaborative relationship, with the goal of removing obstacles to healthy growth so that you can determine your own life story. In listening to your story, we offer realistic and insightful feedback that is geared toward both self-reflection and understanding. Should you wish to contact us, your response will always come from a licensed psychologist.
Our practice is composed of three licensed psychologists - Dr. Christina Treutler, Dr. Leon Neubauer and Dr. Margaret Edwards. Our practice is oriented toward building a collaborative relationship, with the goal of removing obstacles to healthy growth so that you can determine your own life story. In listening to your story, we offer realistic and insightful feedback that is geared toward both self-reflection and understanding. Should you wish to contact us, your response will always come from a licensed psychologist.
(856) 281-2854 View (856) 281-2854
Photo of Susan Worthington-Duffy, MA, ATR, BC, Art Therapist
Susan Worthington-Duffy
Art Therapist, MA, ATR, BC
Verified Verified
Haddon Township, NJ 08107
Not accepting new clients
I believe art has the power to heal. Together with the process of making art and a strengths-based practice, individuals can develop a voice to communicate, increase independence and build confidence, gain a sense of hope, enhance self-esteem. I offer individual and group therapy for children, adolescents or adults experiencing issues associated with brain injury and community re-entry, Amplified Pain/RSD/RND or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and chronic pain syndromes, oncology, stroke, spinal cord injury or post-traumatic stress related to a medical occurence, gender-identity issues, grief/loss and transitions.
I believe art has the power to heal. Together with the process of making art and a strengths-based practice, individuals can develop a voice to communicate, increase independence and build confidence, gain a sense of hope, enhance self-esteem. I offer individual and group therapy for children, adolescents or adults experiencing issues associated with brain injury and community re-entry, Amplified Pain/RSD/RND or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and chronic pain syndromes, oncology, stroke, spinal cord injury or post-traumatic stress related to a medical occurence, gender-identity issues, grief/loss and transitions.
(856) 469-4204 View (856) 469-4204

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Rachel Luckman, PsyD , Psychologist
Rachel Luckman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002
My style is integrative, which means that I tailor treatment to specifically meet my client's goals through various modalities such as cognitive behavioral (CBT), psychodynamic and mindfulness.
Have you been having a harder time lately? Are you experiencing a new life transition, like moving to New York or New Jersey and you’re not as happy as you had hoped? Or possibly you are looking to make a change in your relationships, work, or daily routine but you’re feeling stuck and unmotivated. Regardless of the specific challenge that has brought you to start therapy, you do not have to go through this experience alone.
My style is integrative, which means that I tailor treatment to specifically meet my client's goals through various modalities such as cognitive behavioral (CBT), psychodynamic and mindfulness.
Have you been having a harder time lately? Are you experiencing a new life transition, like moving to New York or New Jersey and you’re not as happy as you had hoped? Or possibly you are looking to make a change in your relationships, work, or daily routine but you’re feeling stuck and unmotivated. Regardless of the specific challenge that has brought you to start therapy, you do not have to go through this experience alone.
(646) 558-6632 View (646) 558-6632
Photo of Lorin D Parashes, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorin D Parashes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Haddonfield, NJ 08033
I have been practicing for 30+ years, and I am committed to working with you collaboratively, to create a therapeutic environment that is safe and one which recognizes that it takes courage to begin to address one's pain. My training is eclectic, which allows me to find the best way to help you to feel yourself, again, whether that may include cognitive behavioral therapy, insight-oriented, psychodynamic therapy, relaxation/mindfulness training or some other therapeutic path to personal change.
I have been practicing for 30+ years, and I am committed to working with you collaboratively, to create a therapeutic environment that is safe and one which recognizes that it takes courage to begin to address one's pain. My training is eclectic, which allows me to find the best way to help you to feel yourself, again, whether that may include cognitive behavioral therapy, insight-oriented, psychodynamic therapy, relaxation/mindfulness training or some other therapeutic path to personal change.
(856) 291-0986 View (856) 291-0986
Photo of Kimberly Hershenson, LCSW, CASAC-T, Esq, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly Hershenson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC-T, Esq
Verified Verified
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002  (Online Only)
I am also trained in Positive Psychology: Resilience Skills through the University of Pennsylvania; Family Based Treatment (FBT), an evidence based approach to eating disorders for adolescents, through Stanford University; skilled in applying psychodynamic therapy and working with clients in 12-Step programs.
Throughout my career I have worked successfully with clients who have experienced issues such as Eating Disorders, Body Image, Addiction, Motherhood Issues (fertility, loss, parenting), Anxiety, Depression and Other Mood Disorders, Relationships and Grief/Loss. My aim is to create a warm, supportive, and safe space for my clients to help achieve their personal goals. Together we can work on understanding feelings and behaviors regarding your areas of concern while helping you to practice healthier coping mechanisms in order to fully participate in life. I work with individuals and couples and specialize in working with performers.
I am also trained in Positive Psychology: Resilience Skills through the University of Pennsylvania; Family Based Treatment (FBT), an evidence based approach to eating disorders for adolescents, through Stanford University; skilled in applying psychodynamic therapy and working with clients in 12-Step programs.
Throughout my career I have worked successfully with clients who have experienced issues such as Eating Disorders, Body Image, Addiction, Motherhood Issues (fertility, loss, parenting), Anxiety, Depression and Other Mood Disorders, Relationships and Grief/Loss. My aim is to create a warm, supportive, and safe space for my clients to help achieve their personal goals. Together we can work on understanding feelings and behaviors regarding your areas of concern while helping you to practice healthier coping mechanisms in order to fully participate in life. I work with individuals and couples and specialize in working with performers.
(914) 743-3271 View (914) 743-3271
Photo of Heath Williams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heath Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002
Waitlist for new clients
Primarily a Gestalt trained therapist, I am social justice oriented and informed by relational, narrative, somatic, trauma informed and psychodynamic theories.
Psychotherapy should be collaborative and flexible, based on you and your specific story. Whether you have been through things in your life that are just coming to the surface or are feeling stuck and struggling to find joy and connection, I can help you gain clarity and find new ways to move through old challenges. Together, we will work toward deepening your connection to your core self and engaging more fully in the life you want. I provide an affirming and supportive space to process family of origin issues, grief, loss, relationship struggles and feelings of worry or anxiety.
Primarily a Gestalt trained therapist, I am social justice oriented and informed by relational, narrative, somatic, trauma informed and psychodynamic theories.
Psychotherapy should be collaborative and flexible, based on you and your specific story. Whether you have been through things in your life that are just coming to the surface or are feeling stuck and struggling to find joy and connection, I can help you gain clarity and find new ways to move through old challenges. Together, we will work toward deepening your connection to your core self and engaging more fully in the life you want. I provide an affirming and supportive space to process family of origin issues, grief, loss, relationship struggles and feelings of worry or anxiety.
(919) 899-4949 View (919) 899-4949
Photo of Maria Gregorio, LCSW, MFA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Gregorio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFA
Verified Verified
Merchantville, NJ 08109  (Online Only)
I am a licensed therapist with more than two decades of experience providing counseling, therapy and consultation to people struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss. I help people develop confidence, identify strategies for coping and attain inner strength. My expertise is in childhood trauma and complex PTSD. My practice is founded on psychodynamic, relational and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. As an Asian woman of color and daughter of immigrant parents, I have a holistic perspective of how race, culture, gender, economic history and systematic oppression impacts mental health and wellness.
I am a licensed therapist with more than two decades of experience providing counseling, therapy and consultation to people struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss. I help people develop confidence, identify strategies for coping and attain inner strength. My expertise is in childhood trauma and complex PTSD. My practice is founded on psychodynamic, relational and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments. As an Asian woman of color and daughter of immigrant parents, I have a holistic perspective of how race, culture, gender, economic history and systematic oppression impacts mental health and wellness.
(347) 580-5894 View (347) 580-5894
Photo of Virginia Harr, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Virginia Harr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002
Throughout our time together, I may draw from psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, and mindfulness techniques when appropriate.
Overwhelming feelings, difficult life transitions, and relationship challenges are normal; but they can take a major toll on the quality of your life and your sense of well-being. In my decade of clinical experience, I've seen therapy provide relief, clarity, and empowerment. I’m here to help you identify long-standing patterns of thinking, behaving, and feeling that may be keeping you stuck. Through increased insight and awareness it becomes possible to challenge the narratives and behaviors that are no longer serving you and find alternate ways of relating to yourself and others.
Throughout our time together, I may draw from psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, and mindfulness techniques when appropriate.
Overwhelming feelings, difficult life transitions, and relationship challenges are normal; but they can take a major toll on the quality of your life and your sense of well-being. In my decade of clinical experience, I've seen therapy provide relief, clarity, and empowerment. I’m here to help you identify long-standing patterns of thinking, behaving, and feeling that may be keeping you stuck. Through increased insight and awareness it becomes possible to challenge the narratives and behaviors that are no longer serving you and find alternate ways of relating to yourself and others.
(267) 494-6010 View (267) 494-6010
Photo of Dr. Larry Cohen, MA, PhD, CLC
Dr. Larry Cohen
MA, PhD, CLC
Verified Verified
Collingswood, NJ 08108
I work with individuals and couples using cognitive and psychodynamic methods to treat depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems. I also offer life coaching to help you meet your goals and achieve greater life satisfaction. Relationship and marriage counseling focuses on rekindling friendship and improving communication. Our focus will be reducing mental health symptoms, clearing the roadblocks preventing you from accomplishing goals, and helping you move toward greater happiness and contentment. Meetings are available at the New Jersey Therapy and Life Coaching Voorhees NJ office or online.
I work with individuals and couples using cognitive and psychodynamic methods to treat depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems. I also offer life coaching to help you meet your goals and achieve greater life satisfaction. Relationship and marriage counseling focuses on rekindling friendship and improving communication. Our focus will be reducing mental health symptoms, clearing the roadblocks preventing you from accomplishing goals, and helping you move toward greater happiness and contentment. Meetings are available at the New Jersey Therapy and Life Coaching Voorhees NJ office or online.
(856) 369-3574 View (856) 369-3574
Photo of Kristen L Curtis, MA
Kristen L Curtis
MA
Verified Verified
Collingswood, NJ 08108
Kristen was clinically trained in the psychodynamic and humanistic traditions.
Kristen Curtis is a clinically based psychotherapist with 12 years of experience practicing in Collingswood NJ. Having recently relocated from Vermont Kristen continues to see clients from both Vermont and the Southern New Jersey region. Over the years Kristen has seen a variety of clients from diverse backgrounds sharing similar life struggles spanning relationship issues, personal loss, childhood abuse, mood disorders, anxiety and neurodiversity diagnosis such as ADD/ADHD and autism spectrum disorders. Kristen is passionate about providing conscious and humanistic care to people of all walks of life.
Kristen was clinically trained in the psychodynamic and humanistic traditions.
Kristen Curtis is a clinically based psychotherapist with 12 years of experience practicing in Collingswood NJ. Having recently relocated from Vermont Kristen continues to see clients from both Vermont and the Southern New Jersey region. Over the years Kristen has seen a variety of clients from diverse backgrounds sharing similar life struggles spanning relationship issues, personal loss, childhood abuse, mood disorders, anxiety and neurodiversity diagnosis such as ADD/ADHD and autism spectrum disorders. Kristen is passionate about providing conscious and humanistic care to people of all walks of life.
(856) 716-5015 View (856) 716-5015
Photo of Amanda Gigante, LCSW, MSW, MSS, RYT-200
Amanda Gigante
LCSW, MSW, MSS, RYT-200
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002  (Online Only)
I'm a licensed psychotherapist in PA and NJ, and the founder of Be Here Now Psychotherapy. I'm experienced in helping adult children with narcissistic parents, and those recovering from abusive romantic relationships. I specialize in treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), using psychodynamic therapy, IFS and TIST. My overarching area of expertise is trauma, complex trauma and PTSD. I hold a certificate in Integrative Somatic Trauma Therapy. I believe healing is a holistic endeavor, and depth psychology can be integrated with somatic work to unite body and mind to help us get to know ourselves on on many levels.
I'm a licensed psychotherapist in PA and NJ, and the founder of Be Here Now Psychotherapy. I'm experienced in helping adult children with narcissistic parents, and those recovering from abusive romantic relationships. I specialize in treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), using psychodynamic therapy, IFS and TIST. My overarching area of expertise is trauma, complex trauma and PTSD. I hold a certificate in Integrative Somatic Trauma Therapy. I believe healing is a holistic endeavor, and depth psychology can be integrated with somatic work to unite body and mind to help us get to know ourselves on on many levels.
(267) 668-2994 View (267) 668-2994

See more therapy options for Haddon Township

Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.