Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Dr. Valeria Tretyak, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Valeria Tretyak
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02118  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in the treatment of OCD, anxiety-related conditions (e.g., panic, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, specific phobias, agoraphobia) and anxiety arising in the context of high-pressure careers, academia, and general life stressors. I have extensive training in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I provide teletherapy to clients residing in the states of Massachusetts and New York, and I work both with adults and adolescents (over the age of 14).
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in the treatment of OCD, anxiety-related conditions (e.g., panic, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, specific phobias, agoraphobia) and anxiety arising in the context of high-pressure careers, academia, and general life stressors. I have extensive training in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I provide teletherapy to clients residing in the states of Massachusetts and New York, and I work both with adults and adolescents (over the age of 14).
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Photo of Jessie Shanks, LMHC, LCPC, Counselor
Jessie Shanks
Counselor, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Hello, some of my strengths include identifying and cultivating strengths in others, giving language to complex feelings, detangling complex issues and finding paths to wholeness. My goal in therapy is to support others to reach their personal goals and even help them identify what those may be if they are unsure. My ideal Patient is motivated to change and open to trying various techniques. I'm dual licensed in the States of Massachusetts and Illinois and provide only Teletherapy. I've been in clinical practice since 2013, yet have 20 years of experience through mentoring young adults.
Hello, some of my strengths include identifying and cultivating strengths in others, giving language to complex feelings, detangling complex issues and finding paths to wholeness. My goal in therapy is to support others to reach their personal goals and even help them identify what those may be if they are unsure. My ideal Patient is motivated to change and open to trying various techniques. I'm dual licensed in the States of Massachusetts and Illinois and provide only Teletherapy. I've been in clinical practice since 2013, yet have 20 years of experience through mentoring young adults.
(508) 348-7176 View (508) 348-7176
Photo of Christopher Parry, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Christopher Parry
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, and unsure how to start feeling better? Let’s talk and see how I can help you achieve the mental health you deserve. You may be feeling helpless, worried, frustrated, or anything in between. It’s when these feelings impede on your everyday functioning and keep you from achieving your unique personal goals that it’s time to create change, and I can
Are you feeling stuck, and unsure how to start feeling better? Let’s talk and see how I can help you achieve the mental health you deserve. You may be feeling helpless, worried, frustrated, or anything in between. It’s when these feelings impede on your everyday functioning and keep you from achieving your unique personal goals that it’s time to create change, and I can
(351) 206-0305 View (351) 206-0305
Photo of Betsy Abrams, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Betsy Abrams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling, feeling overwhelmed by some of the many challenges that come with life and/or parenting? During these uncertain times, stress has been especially high. If anxiety and frustration are frequent occurrences in your life and family, you are not alone. Everyone needs and deserves support. I am a social worker and a family therapist with over 20 years of experience. I'm available and interested in being a part of your support system.
Are you struggling, feeling overwhelmed by some of the many challenges that come with life and/or parenting? During these uncertain times, stress has been especially high. If anxiety and frustration are frequent occurrences in your life and family, you are not alone. Everyone needs and deserves support. I am a social worker and a family therapist with over 20 years of experience. I'm available and interested in being a part of your support system.
(857) 597-2994 View (857) 597-2994
Photo of Steve Rothenberg, PsyD, Psychologist
Steve Rothenberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I am committed to helping individuals to find the best within themselves and to share that with those most important to them. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or depression, relationship difficulties (including "dating stress"), or life stresses, I always try to find what will be the most effective way to help you achieve your goals and live a happier, authentic, life.
I am committed to helping individuals to find the best within themselves and to share that with those most important to them. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or depression, relationship difficulties (including "dating stress"), or life stresses, I always try to find what will be the most effective way to help you achieve your goals and live a happier, authentic, life.
(617) 925-7092 View (617) 925-7092
Photo of Alexa Moubarak, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexa Moubarak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
You don't need to bear that heavy burden alone. Whatever struggles you're facing, however exhausted or critical you may feel towards yourself, or how bleak things seem right now, know that therapy offers a space to share that weight. Together, we'll take a comprehensive approach to support both your mind and body. We'll delve into the root causes of your challenges, relieve stress through lifestyle adjustments and processing, and learn practical, evidence-based techniques to enhance your daily life. Our goal is to guide your body back to a state of relaxation, where joy can once again be felt.
You don't need to bear that heavy burden alone. Whatever struggles you're facing, however exhausted or critical you may feel towards yourself, or how bleak things seem right now, know that therapy offers a space to share that weight. Together, we'll take a comprehensive approach to support both your mind and body. We'll delve into the root causes of your challenges, relieve stress through lifestyle adjustments and processing, and learn practical, evidence-based techniques to enhance your daily life. Our goal is to guide your body back to a state of relaxation, where joy can once again be felt.
(617) 765-1925 View (617) 765-1925
Photo of Kathleen Sprengel - Pericles Psychotherapy, LLC, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pericles Psychotherapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02127  (Online Only)
I would first like to applaud you for taking the first step toward finding greater satisfaction in life. I believe this is what we all seek, and within the right therapeutic relationship we can better identify our needs and make changes to meet those needs. My primary theoretical orientation is attachment theory, which indicates that positive growth occurs within healthy, boundaried relationships. I believe that this can be applied to the therapeutic relationship and I aim to provide nurturing, dependable support in order to promote growth.
I would first like to applaud you for taking the first step toward finding greater satisfaction in life. I believe this is what we all seek, and within the right therapeutic relationship we can better identify our needs and make changes to meet those needs. My primary theoretical orientation is attachment theory, which indicates that positive growth occurs within healthy, boundaried relationships. I believe that this can be applied to the therapeutic relationship and I aim to provide nurturing, dependable support in order to promote growth.
(774) 214-2088 View (774) 214-2088
Photo of Lorraine Helfand-Garcia, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorraine Helfand-Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I am a bilingual (Spanish) licensed social worker/ therapist for many decades. I feel honored to join you in your life journey wherever that may lead you. I believe strengthening your story of empowerment, resilence and recovery can take place when you take time to re-examine old stories, patterns and life experiences with another caring person. Together we can re-invent ourselves and surpass losses, trauma, hardships, discrimination and other life experiences. Let individual, couple or family therapy become a place of healing and growth.
I am a bilingual (Spanish) licensed social worker/ therapist for many decades. I feel honored to join you in your life journey wherever that may lead you. I believe strengthening your story of empowerment, resilence and recovery can take place when you take time to re-examine old stories, patterns and life experiences with another caring person. Together we can re-invent ourselves and surpass losses, trauma, hardships, discrimination and other life experiences. Let individual, couple or family therapy become a place of healing and growth.
(508) 257-7457 View (508) 257-7457
Photo of Amy Grace Sullivan, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amy Grace Sullivan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
I believe in Carl Jung’s theory of individuation where everyone is on a journey towards wholeness, and I also believe it doesn’t have to be a solo one. As a therapist, I like to think of myself as someone who sits sidecar on your healing journey towards wholeness. I have an open and collaborative approach tailored to your therapeutic needs and I draw from an array of holistic modalities to help support you on your journey. I specialize in helping those with trauma related issues. We collaborate in creating a safe and trusting space for you to explore and gain insight in how your past experiences may still be affecting you.
I believe in Carl Jung’s theory of individuation where everyone is on a journey towards wholeness, and I also believe it doesn’t have to be a solo one. As a therapist, I like to think of myself as someone who sits sidecar on your healing journey towards wholeness. I have an open and collaborative approach tailored to your therapeutic needs and I draw from an array of holistic modalities to help support you on your journey. I specialize in helping those with trauma related issues. We collaborate in creating a safe and trusting space for you to explore and gain insight in how your past experiences may still be affecting you.
(617) 390-7631 View (617) 390-7631
Photo of Jennifer Dotson, PsyD, Psychologist
Jennifer Dotson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215
Not accepting new clients
Excellent psychotherapy offers a deep appreciation for an individual's thoughts, emotions and wishes. Within the framework of a safe and trusting therapy relationship, individuals can gain the understanding and skills needed to make changes toward a more fulfilling life. Regardless of what brings a person to therapy, good therapy facilitates an individual's inherent capacity for growth and resilience. In addition to teaching at the college level, I have worked as a clinical psychologist in college settings, private practice, and community health clinics.
Excellent psychotherapy offers a deep appreciation for an individual's thoughts, emotions and wishes. Within the framework of a safe and trusting therapy relationship, individuals can gain the understanding and skills needed to make changes toward a more fulfilling life. Regardless of what brings a person to therapy, good therapy facilitates an individual's inherent capacity for growth and resilience. In addition to teaching at the college level, I have worked as a clinical psychologist in college settings, private practice, and community health clinics.
(617) 420-7461 View (617) 420-7461
Photo of Ashley Franklin, LICSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Franklin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life is one wild ride, isn’t it? I would like you to remember: you are more than enough—just as you are. I’m here to help you get where you want to be. If you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, negative thoughts, low self-esteem, stress, or life transitions, I’m here to listen and assist. I prioritize a holistic approach to mental health. In our sessions, we will be looking at everything that influences your well-being. This includes your mind, along with your lifestyle, moods, and emotions, as each aspect of our lives is deeply interconnected.
Life is one wild ride, isn’t it? I would like you to remember: you are more than enough—just as you are. I’m here to help you get where you want to be. If you’re struggling with depression, anxiety, negative thoughts, low self-esteem, stress, or life transitions, I’m here to listen and assist. I prioritize a holistic approach to mental health. In our sessions, we will be looking at everything that influences your well-being. This includes your mind, along with your lifestyle, moods, and emotions, as each aspect of our lives is deeply interconnected.
(857) 314-4200 View (857) 314-4200
Photo of Gordonia Tawanda Cundiff - No Stones Thrown Counseling Services Inc. , MEd, LMHC, Counselor
No Stones Thrown Counseling Services Inc.
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02122  (Online Only)
No Stones Thrown Counseling Services Inc., was formed in 2022 to address the needs of BIPOC families living in the City of Boston to help decrease the stigmas associated with therapy. We are interested in supporting clients with processing complex trauma, mental issues, and healing in non traditional environments that promote healing and recovery. Clients will have the opportunity to choose their in office experience, telehealth, or in-home therapy.
No Stones Thrown Counseling Services Inc., was formed in 2022 to address the needs of BIPOC families living in the City of Boston to help decrease the stigmas associated with therapy. We are interested in supporting clients with processing complex trauma, mental issues, and healing in non traditional environments that promote healing and recovery. Clients will have the opportunity to choose their in office experience, telehealth, or in-home therapy.
(617) 934-6076 View (617) 934-6076
Photo of Km Collaborative Multi-Cultural Group Practice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Km Collaborative Multi-Cultural Group Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02120  (Online Only)
Are there times when you feel anxious, sad, or uncertain? Do you have difficulty coping with your stressors and find that you often push or run away from unwanted thoughts and feelings? You have taken the brave first step to search for a clinician who may fit your needs and We are here for you! We are a group of multicultural, female, therapist, who believe we all have a natural ability to heal and grow. We believe in the power of therapy to enhance your capacity for curiosity, self-compassion, self- understanding, and a deeper sense of self-worth.If you are curious about what therapy can offer you, trust your gut and reach out!
Are there times when you feel anxious, sad, or uncertain? Do you have difficulty coping with your stressors and find that you often push or run away from unwanted thoughts and feelings? You have taken the brave first step to search for a clinician who may fit your needs and We are here for you! We are a group of multicultural, female, therapist, who believe we all have a natural ability to heal and grow. We believe in the power of therapy to enhance your capacity for curiosity, self-compassion, self- understanding, and a deeper sense of self-worth.If you are curious about what therapy can offer you, trust your gut and reach out!
(508) 625-7711 View (508) 625-7711
Photo of Krysta-Lyn Martinelli, MS, RYT, CPA
Krysta-Lyn Martinelli
MS, RYT, CPA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02127
Accepting New Clients! Many of us experience events and symptoms that get in the way of living our hopes and dreams. I work with individuals who feel stuck, anxious, lost, burned out or simply not themselves; BUT seek healing and change. Change doesn't come overnight and I am here to support the process. My mission is to help you understand yourself (thoughts, patterns and behaviors) and your story (past, present and future) and to empower you to fall in love with taking care of yourself. I provide a safe, supportive and open space where you may be your authentic self in hopes that you can feel empowered to do so outside of session!
Accepting New Clients! Many of us experience events and symptoms that get in the way of living our hopes and dreams. I work with individuals who feel stuck, anxious, lost, burned out or simply not themselves; BUT seek healing and change. Change doesn't come overnight and I am here to support the process. My mission is to help you understand yourself (thoughts, patterns and behaviors) and your story (past, present and future) and to empower you to fall in love with taking care of yourself. I provide a safe, supportive and open space where you may be your authentic self in hopes that you can feel empowered to do so outside of session!
(617) 539-7114 View (617) 539-7114
Photo of Laurie Rose Schloff - Partners in Communication Inc.  Laurie and team, MS
Partners in Communication Inc. Laurie and team
MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02132
As a lifelong communication coach, my passion is seeing clients become more comfortable, effective and successful in their professional communication. I enjoy seeing my clients' well being and joy increase as they learn and apply communication tools. In a supportive and proactive way, I add to your speaking abilities and be comfort in 1-1 and group situations; overcoming the fear of speaking, stepping up regarding initiating and leadership roles, interviewing skills and conveying your thoughts confidently. If you feel your communication is holding you back, or if you'd like to add to your toolkit, my team and I are here for you!
As a lifelong communication coach, my passion is seeing clients become more comfortable, effective and successful in their professional communication. I enjoy seeing my clients' well being and joy increase as they learn and apply communication tools. In a supportive and proactive way, I add to your speaking abilities and be comfort in 1-1 and group situations; overcoming the fear of speaking, stepping up regarding initiating and leadership roles, interviewing skills and conveying your thoughts confidently. If you feel your communication is holding you back, or if you'd like to add to your toolkit, my team and I are here for you!
(617) 958-8519 View (617) 958-8519
Photo of Dr. Brittany Jaso, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Brittany Jaso
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
I'm here to help clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and stress learn how to develop skills to help them cope now and in the future. I like to supplement treatment with activities in-between sessions to help clients learn, develop, and maintain skills to help them now and in the future.
I'm here to help clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and stress learn how to develop skills to help them cope now and in the future. I like to supplement treatment with activities in-between sessions to help clients learn, develop, and maintain skills to help them now and in the future.
(617) 958-6516 View (617) 958-6516
Photo of Kevin Andrews, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Andrews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I'm Kevin, a Somatic and Emotion Centered Therapist with Wellworth Therapy. In my practice, I offer space for your authentic self to be seen and heard which invites you to experience holding and wholeness. This enables you to grow trust in yourself and be in true connection. I specialize in supporting trauma survivors to find healing by learning to regulate your nervous system, positively shifting your relationship with your emotions, and the impacts of your past. I welcome new clients into my practice and look forward to hearing from you. Hope is here.
Hello! I'm Kevin, a Somatic and Emotion Centered Therapist with Wellworth Therapy. In my practice, I offer space for your authentic self to be seen and heard which invites you to experience holding and wholeness. This enables you to grow trust in yourself and be in true connection. I specialize in supporting trauma survivors to find healing by learning to regulate your nervous system, positively shifting your relationship with your emotions, and the impacts of your past. I welcome new clients into my practice and look forward to hearing from you. Hope is here.
(857) 219-3042 x1 View (857) 219-3042 x1
Photo of Amna Mustafic, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amna Mustafic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal client is someone who is ready for therapy and is committed to their own growth and well-being. This person is open to expressing themselves in therapy. This person may be experiencing challenges such as anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, and trauma. The goals for therapy may be developing coping skills, healing past trauma, and increasing confidence. Needs may include empathy and validation and a need for a safe environment. I am also interested in working with people with a dual diagnosis. I can help people create treatment goals, combine different therapies, and provide community resources to support recovery.
My ideal client is someone who is ready for therapy and is committed to their own growth and well-being. This person is open to expressing themselves in therapy. This person may be experiencing challenges such as anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, and trauma. The goals for therapy may be developing coping skills, healing past trauma, and increasing confidence. Needs may include empathy and validation and a need for a safe environment. I am also interested in working with people with a dual diagnosis. I can help people create treatment goals, combine different therapies, and provide community resources to support recovery.
(617) 609-0181 View (617) 609-0181
Photo of Kathryn Mann, LCSW, MSc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn Mann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSc
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal client is an adult aged 18 or older who bravely navigates the complexities of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief, PTSD, and significant life changes or transitions. The client recognizes the importance of mental health care and is committed to the therapeutic process. They understand that seeking support is a proactive step towards healing and personal development. This commitment is foundational to the therapeutic relationship, as it signifies their readiness to engage in introspection, exploration, and change.
My ideal client is an adult aged 18 or older who bravely navigates the complexities of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief, PTSD, and significant life changes or transitions. The client recognizes the importance of mental health care and is committed to the therapeutic process. They understand that seeking support is a proactive step towards healing and personal development. This commitment is foundational to the therapeutic relationship, as it signifies their readiness to engage in introspection, exploration, and change.
(781) 390-9762 View (781) 390-9762
Photo of Angela Nunez, LMHC, Counselor
Angela Nunez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, struggling with motivation, anxious, depressed or just plain old stuck? Then, I am glad you are here! I have been working with individuals, couples, and families in a variety of clinical, community and virtual settings to reach their goals for over 17 years. I believe in mixing different approaches to find the best fit for you individually.
Have you been feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, struggling with motivation, anxious, depressed or just plain old stuck? Then, I am glad you are here! I have been working with individuals, couples, and families in a variety of clinical, community and virtual settings to reach their goals for over 17 years. I believe in mixing different approaches to find the best fit for you individually.
(617) 958-8034 View (617) 958-8034
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$154

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

61% Online Only
39% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.