Therapists in Holderness, NH

Photo of Ian Sindlinger, MS, LCMHC, Counselor
Ian Sindlinger
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Holderness, NH 03245
Ian's most experience is working with youth & young adults. His work focused on emotional/behavioral regulation, anxiety/depression, loss, life transitions & relationship dynamics. Furthermore, he has worked with families/couples on dynamics of communication, strengthening trust & developing routines to improve day to day function of the home. Through this work he has worked with a diverse clientele, including but not limited to people within the LGBTQIA+ community (& their families), culturally diverse, mood/personality disorders, separated/blended families & Adults preparing/going through significant life transitions.
Ian's most experience is working with youth & young adults. His work focused on emotional/behavioral regulation, anxiety/depression, loss, life transitions & relationship dynamics. Furthermore, he has worked with families/couples on dynamics of communication, strengthening trust & developing routines to improve day to day function of the home. Through this work he has worked with a diverse clientele, including but not limited to people within the LGBTQIA+ community (& their families), culturally diverse, mood/personality disorders, separated/blended families & Adults preparing/going through significant life transitions.
(603) 865-1321 View (603) 865-1321
Photo of Regina Eastman, Dr (C), MA, LCMHC, SEP, LMT, Counselor
Regina Eastman
Counselor, Dr (C), MA, LCMHC, SEP, LMT
Verified Verified
Holderness, NH 03245
Supporting individuals toward their sense of wholeness is my therapeutic purpose. Every individual has their own journey; a path of unfolding understanding through their processes of the body, mind and emotion. My therapeutic approach is integrative, meaning the whole being - one's body, emotion, cognition and the being's essence (spirit/soul) are important variables in the process of wellness and healing. When appropriate, and consent is given, therapeutic touch is a supportive modality to support the Client in accessing bodily held, maladaptive and traumatic experiences.
Supporting individuals toward their sense of wholeness is my therapeutic purpose. Every individual has their own journey; a path of unfolding understanding through their processes of the body, mind and emotion. My therapeutic approach is integrative, meaning the whole being - one's body, emotion, cognition and the being's essence (spirit/soul) are important variables in the process of wellness and healing. When appropriate, and consent is given, therapeutic touch is a supportive modality to support the Client in accessing bodily held, maladaptive and traumatic experiences.
(603) 932-6709 View (603) 932-6709
Photo of Leah DuBois, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leah DuBois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holderness, NH 03245
When I took my first sociology and psychology class in undergraduate school, I learned that I was fascinated with people, groups of people and social systems and how they all work together to develop the person and mind. I have worked in many different settings helping children, adolescents, and adults meet their goals. I have worked therapeutic residential settings, community mental health settings, community-based services settings and the academic setting providing services to individuals and families for the last 7 years.
When I took my first sociology and psychology class in undergraduate school, I learned that I was fascinated with people, groups of people and social systems and how they all work together to develop the person and mind. I have worked in many different settings helping children, adolescents, and adults meet their goals. I have worked therapeutic residential settings, community mental health settings, community-based services settings and the academic setting providing services to individuals and families for the last 7 years.
(802) 432-2857 View (802) 432-2857

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ann Bastille, MA, LCMHC, Counselor
Ann Bastille
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Campton, NH 03223
With 30 years of experience treating trauma and grief, I find that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing provides relief more rapidly than traditional talk therapies. I see adults at my location in Campton, NH or via Telehealth to adults in NH. Clients usually have disproportionate disturbance (anxiety, grief, depression) in the present that was conditioned by negative experiences in the past. Clients with symptoms of Chronic Complex PTSD or Substance Use Disorder maintain treatment with a primary therapist and my services are an adjunct treatment as long as symptoms are stabilized.
With 30 years of experience treating trauma and grief, I find that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing provides relief more rapidly than traditional talk therapies. I see adults at my location in Campton, NH or via Telehealth to adults in NH. Clients usually have disproportionate disturbance (anxiety, grief, depression) in the present that was conditioned by negative experiences in the past. Clients with symptoms of Chronic Complex PTSD or Substance Use Disorder maintain treatment with a primary therapist and my services are an adjunct treatment as long as symptoms are stabilized.
(603) 452-7708 View (603) 452-7708
Photo of Ella Driscoll - The Plymouth House, MLADC, LCMHC, Counselor
The Plymouth House
Counselor, MLADC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, NH 03264
Since 2002, The Plymouth House has been providing individuals and their families hope for a better life, free from addiction. We offer residential treatment at our picturesque 60-acre campus in the heart of the white mountains. The Plymouth House specializes in treating clients who have failed to maintain recovery after past treatment stays. Our 12-step inspired, evidence-based program has been helping clients achieve life long sobriety for over 20 years.
Since 2002, The Plymouth House has been providing individuals and their families hope for a better life, free from addiction. We offer residential treatment at our picturesque 60-acre campus in the heart of the white mountains. The Plymouth House specializes in treating clients who have failed to maintain recovery after past treatment stays. Our 12-step inspired, evidence-based program has been helping clients achieve life long sobriety for over 20 years.
(603) 207-3910 View (603) 207-3910
Photo of Kerry Ann Andrek, MA, MLADC, LCS, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Kerry Ann Andrek
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MLADC, LCS
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264  (Online Only)
My name is Kerry Andrek, and I have been a substance abuse therapist for over 15 years. My experience spans working at residential, outpatient, and intensive outpatient levels of care. I am deeply passionate about assisting individuals who struggle with trauma, substance abuse, and mental health issues. I hold a master's degree in trauma counseling from Liberty University and an undergraduate degree from Montclair State University, where I double-majored in anthropology and psychology. My expertise is further solidified with certifications in dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
My name is Kerry Andrek, and I have been a substance abuse therapist for over 15 years. My experience spans working at residential, outpatient, and intensive outpatient levels of care. I am deeply passionate about assisting individuals who struggle with trauma, substance abuse, and mental health issues. I hold a master's degree in trauma counseling from Liberty University and an undergraduate degree from Montclair State University, where I double-majored in anthropology and psychology. My expertise is further solidified with certifications in dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
(833) 903-3771 View (833) 903-3771
Photo of Leah Palmiter, MS, CMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Leah Palmiter
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, NH 03217
Talking with a therapist can bring about deeper understanding of who we are, why we feel or behave as we do, what we want from our lives and how to find a path toward self-acceptance. I want to help my clients develop the belief that they can make positive changes in their lives and the tools to change defeating thoughts and behaviors.
Talking with a therapist can bring about deeper understanding of who we are, why we feel or behave as we do, what we want from our lives and how to find a path toward self-acceptance. I want to help my clients develop the belief that they can make positive changes in their lives and the tools to change defeating thoughts and behaviors.
(603) 634-8933 View (603) 634-8933
Photo of Chet Lesniak, PhD, PSYPACT, Online, Psychologist
Chet Lesniak
Psychologist, PhD, PSYPACT, Online
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264  (Online Only)
Are you searching for a therapist because you feel stressed, worried, anxious, or overwhelmed? Are you looking for a therapist to support you while you struggle with your problems? Or how to make changes in your life? Or, maybe you have decided it is time to explore and resolve those personal issues that keep coming up again and again - the ones you cannot ignore any longer? I may be that therapist for you. Contact me for a free consultation or visit my website at www.drchetlesniak.com
Are you searching for a therapist because you feel stressed, worried, anxious, or overwhelmed? Are you looking for a therapist to support you while you struggle with your problems? Or how to make changes in your life? Or, maybe you have decided it is time to explore and resolve those personal issues that keep coming up again and again - the ones you cannot ignore any longer? I may be that therapist for you. Contact me for a free consultation or visit my website at www.drchetlesniak.com
(603) 836-9585 View (603) 836-9585
Photo of Lorraine Jones, LCMHC, NCC, Counselor
Lorraine Jones
Counselor, LCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264
Every life event can be a learning experience, one that you don't have to go through alone. I am a compassionate, solutions-oriented therapist who is dedicated to providing caring, sensitive therapeutic counseling opportunities for adults, adolescents, and children for a variety of emotional and mental health issues. I have had a record of success working with diverse client populations in individual therapy, process groups, and couples therapy. My training includes CBT, Behavioral, and Reality Therapy. I would welcome the opportunity to assist you on your journey. Please give me a call for a free telephone consultation.
Every life event can be a learning experience, one that you don't have to go through alone. I am a compassionate, solutions-oriented therapist who is dedicated to providing caring, sensitive therapeutic counseling opportunities for adults, adolescents, and children for a variety of emotional and mental health issues. I have had a record of success working with diverse client populations in individual therapy, process groups, and couples therapy. My training includes CBT, Behavioral, and Reality Therapy. I would welcome the opportunity to assist you on your journey. Please give me a call for a free telephone consultation.
(603) 821-9507 View (603) 821-9507
Photo of Amanda Goodwin - Goodwin Counseling Services LLC, LCMHC, MLADC, Counselor
Goodwin Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, LCMHC, MLADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, NH 03217
Accepting new patients at both our Franklin and Ashland location both in person and Telehealth. Our Group Practice: Goodwin Counseling offers a variety of counseling services to help clients get the most out of their life’s journey. We work with children, adults, couples, and families and a number of mental health disorders both in person and through tele-health sessions.
Accepting new patients at both our Franklin and Ashland location both in person and Telehealth. Our Group Practice: Goodwin Counseling offers a variety of counseling services to help clients get the most out of their life’s journey. We work with children, adults, couples, and families and a number of mental health disorders both in person and through tele-health sessions.
(802) 523-3517 View (802) 523-3517
Photo of Elizabeth Foley, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Elizabeth Foley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plymouth, NH 03264
Waitlist for new clients
I'm a pre-licensed professional working towards becoming a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC). I'm working under the supervision of a licensed clinician. Prior to joining the Counseling Associates team, I worked at a college counseling center and supported students with a wide variety of presenting concerns. In my work with clients, I strive to develop a strong working relationship where they feel safe to discuss their values, goals, and concerns. I aim to highlight clients' strengths and develop treatment goals collaboratively.
I'm a pre-licensed professional working towards becoming a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC). I'm working under the supervision of a licensed clinician. Prior to joining the Counseling Associates team, I worked at a college counseling center and supported students with a wide variety of presenting concerns. In my work with clients, I strive to develop a strong working relationship where they feel safe to discuss their values, goals, and concerns. I aim to highlight clients' strengths and develop treatment goals collaboratively.
(603) 605-0184 View (603) 605-0184
Photo of Nikki Cooke, LICSW-C
Nikki Cooke
LICSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, NH 03264  (Online Only)
Are you grappling with anxiety, depression, or trauma-related challenges? Nikki's holistic, evidence-based approach interweaves traditional psychotherapy with innovative modalities like mindfulness, tailored to adults facing emotional and psychological difficulties. Her spiritual, solution-focused therapy offers a beacon of hope, guiding you toward a balanced, fulfilling life.
Are you grappling with anxiety, depression, or trauma-related challenges? Nikki's holistic, evidence-based approach interweaves traditional psychotherapy with innovative modalities like mindfulness, tailored to adults facing emotional and psychological difficulties. Her spiritual, solution-focused therapy offers a beacon of hope, guiding you toward a balanced, fulfilling life.
(603) 945-8535 View (603) 945-8535
Photo of Melissa Lanz, MA, LCMHC, Counselor
Melissa Lanz
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264
Not accepting new clients
During these unprecedented times, conditions are ideal for issues to rise and insist on being attended to. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are clues from the body that the existing state is no longer sustainable. I view this as an opportunity rather than a dilemma or tragedy. My role is to assist in navigating this landscape and normalize the emotions that accompany this courageous work. My goal is to assist each client in revealing childhood wiring that is creating difficulties in present time. The intent is to allow authenticity and agency to emerge from unconscious reactions and behavior determined by family patterning.
During these unprecedented times, conditions are ideal for issues to rise and insist on being attended to. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are clues from the body that the existing state is no longer sustainable. I view this as an opportunity rather than a dilemma or tragedy. My role is to assist in navigating this landscape and normalize the emotions that accompany this courageous work. My goal is to assist each client in revealing childhood wiring that is creating difficulties in present time. The intent is to allow authenticity and agency to emerge from unconscious reactions and behavior determined by family patterning.
(844) 611-4245 View (844) 611-4245
Photo of Jill L Jones, LCMHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill L Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCMHC
Verified Verified
New Hampton, NH 03256
Waitlist for new clients
How to get the Brain to 'Change -it's- Mind'. That has been my focus of study...not just WHY you behave the way your do, but HOW do you change your behaviors that don't work anymore. Choosing a therapist and deciding if they are a match for you is an important first step. Please call. I am happy to talk with you in a free 15 min phone call. Please leave a message about what you want to work on, or email. Please read information below before you call. I only work with adults
How to get the Brain to 'Change -it's- Mind'. That has been my focus of study...not just WHY you behave the way your do, but HOW do you change your behaviors that don't work anymore. Choosing a therapist and deciding if they are a match for you is an important first step. Please call. I am happy to talk with you in a free 15 min phone call. Please leave a message about what you want to work on, or email. Please read information below before you call. I only work with adults
(603) 865-1376 x4714 View (603) 865-1376 x4714
Photo of David M. Stringham, MPH, MSW, Counselor
David M. Stringham
Counselor, MPH, MSW
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264
I offer non-traditional counseling/coaching alternatives to inspire you to create the positive changes you want. Standard 50-minute office sessions don't go far enough for some people. That's why, in addition to standard sessions, for nearly 20 years I have offered my clients different approaches. For some it's multiple-hour sessions in a traditional setting; for others, it's doing our work together outdoors sitting in a peaceful place or walking together. Of course, many other options are available. I also make myself available to clients for phone or Skype sessions when something urgent arises.
I offer non-traditional counseling/coaching alternatives to inspire you to create the positive changes you want. Standard 50-minute office sessions don't go far enough for some people. That's why, in addition to standard sessions, for nearly 20 years I have offered my clients different approaches. For some it's multiple-hour sessions in a traditional setting; for others, it's doing our work together outdoors sitting in a peaceful place or walking together. Of course, many other options are available. I also make myself available to clients for phone or Skype sessions when something urgent arises.
(801) 429-9320 View (801) 429-9320
Photo of Kristin Emery, MA, LCMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kristin Emery
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, NH 03217
I provide healing in wellness as you navigate your mental health issues. Whether you are someone who needs a lot of help or just someone who needs to process daily stressors, I am here to help. My focus is to help heal and build confidence within oneself and provide a positive experience where you see real change and real results. I focus on listening to my clients and what they believe they need and creating realistic goals you can achieve. Every client is different and I will help you create an individualized plan that works for you and your lifestyle. I help you by listening intently to your struggles while being there for you.
I provide healing in wellness as you navigate your mental health issues. Whether you are someone who needs a lot of help or just someone who needs to process daily stressors, I am here to help. My focus is to help heal and build confidence within oneself and provide a positive experience where you see real change and real results. I focus on listening to my clients and what they believe they need and creating realistic goals you can achieve. Every client is different and I will help you create an individualized plan that works for you and your lifestyle. I help you by listening intently to your struggles while being there for you.
(802) 589-4016 View (802) 589-4016
Photo of Chance Simonton, MS, LCMHC
Chance Simonton
Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264
Chance's practice centers on providing all clients an environment to openly explore what's affecting them, to freely navigate troubling feelings and experiences, and to engage in meaningful conversation towards a story that enriches their life, their agency, and their impact.
Chance's practice centers on providing all clients an environment to openly explore what's affecting them, to freely navigate troubling feelings and experiences, and to engage in meaningful conversation towards a story that enriches their life, their agency, and their impact.
(603) 865-1321 View (603) 865-1321
Photo of Stephanie Lewis - Counseling Associates of Plymouth, LCMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Counseling Associates of Plymouth
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264
At Counseling Associates we take a strengths-based counseling approach to assist you in moving toward your goals and opening doors to new possibilities. With multiple clinicians and areas of expertise, we are able to offer comprehensive, specialized services for adults, children, adolescents, couples and families. It is common for those new to therapy to feel both eager to get going and uncomfortable about starting the process of therapy. Do not let some awkwardness keep you from beginning what you know will be in your long-term best interest. We look forward to working with you.
At Counseling Associates we take a strengths-based counseling approach to assist you in moving toward your goals and opening doors to new possibilities. With multiple clinicians and areas of expertise, we are able to offer comprehensive, specialized services for adults, children, adolescents, couples and families. It is common for those new to therapy to feel both eager to get going and uncomfortable about starting the process of therapy. Do not let some awkwardness keep you from beginning what you know will be in your long-term best interest. We look forward to working with you.
(603) 865-1321 View (603) 865-1321
Photo of Gabriel Jose Vega - Gabriel Vega Counseling, PLLC, MS, LCMHC, Counselor
Gabriel Vega Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Campton, NH 03223  (Online Only)
Gabriel Vega Counseling, PLLC strives to meet the virtual, trauma-informed, therapeutic needs of marginalized and disenfranchised individuals in New Hampshire. ​My specialties include treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Dissociative Disorders, and symptoms related to complex developmental trauma. I specifically provide virtual Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Deep Brain Reorienting (DBR) therapy for adults 18+.
Gabriel Vega Counseling, PLLC strives to meet the virtual, trauma-informed, therapeutic needs of marginalized and disenfranchised individuals in New Hampshire. ​My specialties include treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Dissociative Disorders, and symptoms related to complex developmental trauma. I specifically provide virtual Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Deep Brain Reorienting (DBR) therapy for adults 18+.
(603) 207-8323 View (603) 207-8323
Photo of John Gramuglia, MLADC, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Gramuglia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MLADC, LICSW
Verified Verified
Plymouth, NH 03264  (Online Only)
I have been working in the field of behavioral health in excess of twenty five years. I have specialized in addictions with both adults and adolescents. In addition, I work with couples to resolve relationship issues, individuals dealing with depression or anxiety, and those with adjustment disorders. I find that being a good listener and being empathic helps a client gain trust and have a great therapeutic experience. Currently, I have immediate opening but I only accept self pay clients. My direct number is 802 595 3318
I have been working in the field of behavioral health in excess of twenty five years. I have specialized in addictions with both adults and adolescents. In addition, I work with couples to resolve relationship issues, individuals dealing with depression or anxiety, and those with adjustment disorders. I find that being a good listener and being empathic helps a client gain trust and have a great therapeutic experience. Currently, I have immediate opening but I only accept self pay clients. My direct number is 802 595 3318
(603) 836-8378 View (603) 836-8378

See more therapy options for Holderness

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Holderness, NH

< 10

Therapists in Holderness, NH who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Family Conflict
100% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues
67% Child

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Holderness, NH see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Holderness?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.