Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Fuquay Varina, NC
![Photo of Regina Brinkley Brown - Brinkley Brown Mental Wellness PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4618d665-c5ff-4ef8-8181-4ef6ce92a47c/1/320x400.jpeg)
Brinkley Brown Mental Wellness PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Fuquay Varina, NC 27526
Brinkley Brown Mental Wellness is now open in Fuquay Varina! So glad to be joining your community! We're in a beautiful relaxing office space at 7621 Purfoy Rd Suite 201...just behind the Bojangles and Milanos Pizza. We welcome you to our practice and truly hope you'll find your time spent with us productive, effective, and enjoyable.
Brinkley Brown Mental Wellness is now open in Fuquay Varina! So glad to be joining your community! We're in a beautiful relaxing office space at 7621 Purfoy Rd Suite 201...just behind the Bojangles and Milanos Pizza. We welcome you to our practice and truly hope you'll find your time spent with us productive, effective, and enjoyable.
![Photo of Michelle R Heggie, LCSW, LCAS-A, CPLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bb888fa3-d1db-4779-a4e2-97b2b7f6516f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Michelle R Heggie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS-A, CPLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fuquay Varina, NC 27526
As a licensed clinical therapist, addiction specialist, and certified life coach, I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their journey to mental well-being and personal growth. With a holistic and eclectic approach, I treat the whole person, addressing a wide range of issues such as family conflicts, divorce, depression, anxiety, ADHD, ODD, self-esteem challenges, parenting skills, and stepfamily wellness. In addition to therapy and life coaching, I offer supervision for LCSW candidates, providing guidance and support to future therapists as they develop their skills and expertise.
As a licensed clinical therapist, addiction specialist, and certified life coach, I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their journey to mental well-being and personal growth. With a holistic and eclectic approach, I treat the whole person, addressing a wide range of issues such as family conflicts, divorce, depression, anxiety, ADHD, ODD, self-esteem challenges, parenting skills, and stepfamily wellness. In addition to therapy and life coaching, I offer supervision for LCSW candidates, providing guidance and support to future therapists as they develop their skills and expertise.
![Photo of Sarah Olson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2793b86e-f0c9-4291-9285-d8d0fedea804/1/320x400.jpeg)
I'm Sarah Olson, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have the privilege of walking with people during difficult moments in their lives. I believe there is nothing that life can hand you that cannot make you a better person once you do the work and get to the other side of it. I want to discover this with you. Coming to me as a therapist would feel like exploring your honest feelings and experiences with a non-judgmental friend that can really hear you. I want to gain your trust so we can talk about what truly is stopping you from being your best self.
I'm Sarah Olson, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have the privilege of walking with people during difficult moments in their lives. I believe there is nothing that life can hand you that cannot make you a better person once you do the work and get to the other side of it. I want to discover this with you. Coming to me as a therapist would feel like exploring your honest feelings and experiences with a non-judgmental friend that can really hear you. I want to gain your trust so we can talk about what truly is stopping you from being your best self.
![Photo of Anna May, MA, LCMHCA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d80cf57d-f471-43b4-93aa-d0a837800d83/1/320x400.jpeg)
As a mental health counselor, I am dedicated to helping individuals and couples overcome their struggles and achieve a fulfilling life. I hold strong values of compassion, empathy, and respect for all individuals, regardless of their background, beliefs, or sexual orientation. I have experience working with individuals, couples, parents, and families. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and ENM affirming.
As a mental health counselor, I am dedicated to helping individuals and couples overcome their struggles and achieve a fulfilling life. I hold strong values of compassion, empathy, and respect for all individuals, regardless of their background, beliefs, or sexual orientation. I have experience working with individuals, couples, parents, and families. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and ENM affirming.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Marcia Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/56d0c2b2-292c-4b17-9279-5268a6225e38/2/320x400.jpeg)
My specialty is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
If you are exhausted and overwhelmed in your role as a parent, drained from the struggles of challenging child behavior, feeling anxious and second guessing your parenting approach, or simply want to get a handle on some current challenges before they turn into bigger issues, parent-child therapy can help. It is not uncommon to get to a point where you have tried so many different approaches, techniques, and books, that you aren't even sure what is working and what isn't anymore. Together we can focus on fundamental pieces that lead to real, lasting positive change for your child and your family.
My specialty is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
If you are exhausted and overwhelmed in your role as a parent, drained from the struggles of challenging child behavior, feeling anxious and second guessing your parenting approach, or simply want to get a handle on some current challenges before they turn into bigger issues, parent-child therapy can help. It is not uncommon to get to a point where you have tried so many different approaches, techniques, and books, that you aren't even sure what is working and what isn't anymore. Together we can focus on fundamental pieces that lead to real, lasting positive change for your child and your family.
![Photo of Colleen Cash, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f7188e42-e62a-4375-849a-93603ed92c83/1/320x400.png)
Hello! I am a counselor licensed in North and South Carolina with over 22 years of experience. I’ve worked with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, family and parenting issues, ADHD, behavioral issues, and more. I determine effective therapy strategies for each unique client, and employ a combination of Cognitive Behavioral, Schema Focused, Narrative, and Brief Solution Focused techniques. My clients tell me they appreciate that I am direct, honest, and hold them accountable, while also being compassionate. I am very practical and teach techniques that can be applied to most all situations in life.
Hello! I am a counselor licensed in North and South Carolina with over 22 years of experience. I’ve worked with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, family and parenting issues, ADHD, behavioral issues, and more. I determine effective therapy strategies for each unique client, and employ a combination of Cognitive Behavioral, Schema Focused, Narrative, and Brief Solution Focused techniques. My clients tell me they appreciate that I am direct, honest, and hold them accountable, while also being compassionate. I am very practical and teach techniques that can be applied to most all situations in life.
![Photo of Peggy Zaloga, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/594af095-e11d-4133-bd35-8ed365bfaece/1/320x400.png)
Peggy Zaloga
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Raleigh, NC 27603
Do you have a hard time connecting with yourself and others around you? Does it often feel like no one really understands how you're feeling? I listen and try to understand where my clients are coming from, and once we understand one another and have built a solid relationship I can teach a wide variety of integrative health and wellness skills that will help you overcome challenges related (but not limited) to: school refusal, social anxiety, peer group communication, family conflicts, intimate relationships, behavioral addictions, chronic illness, emotional trauma and panic attacks.
Do you have a hard time connecting with yourself and others around you? Does it often feel like no one really understands how you're feeling? I listen and try to understand where my clients are coming from, and once we understand one another and have built a solid relationship I can teach a wide variety of integrative health and wellness skills that will help you overcome challenges related (but not limited) to: school refusal, social anxiety, peer group communication, family conflicts, intimate relationships, behavioral addictions, chronic illness, emotional trauma and panic attacks.
![Photo of Dr. Joi L Johnson, PhD, MA, CCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2e699e3c-6a27-47e1-9cce-a592a451a3e2/2/320x400.jpeg)
Suicidal thoughts, Hurt, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Loneliness, Abuse, Domestic Violence, Divorce, Marriage Issues, Broken Relationships…. Shepherd for the Shattered provides confidential counseling to help you cope and overcome.
Suicidal thoughts, Hurt, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Loneliness, Abuse, Domestic Violence, Divorce, Marriage Issues, Broken Relationships…. Shepherd for the Shattered provides confidential counseling to help you cope and overcome.
![Photo of Jessica Jones, LCSWA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/32048fa9-c63b-489c-b3d6-ff4436640e6c/2/320x400.jpeg)
Jessica Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holly Springs, NC 27540
Waitlist for new clients
I am so glad that you are here! Whether you are looking to work on parenting skills, behavioral health for your child, mental health, or simply seeking to navigate a transition in your life, you have come to the right place. As an LCSWA, I have experience working with children, teens, and young adults through depression, anxiety, trauma, behavioral needs and transitions.
I am so glad that you are here! Whether you are looking to work on parenting skills, behavioral health for your child, mental health, or simply seeking to navigate a transition in your life, you have come to the right place. As an LCSWA, I have experience working with children, teens, and young adults through depression, anxiety, trauma, behavioral needs and transitions.
![Photo of Viveck Patel, MA, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f35e773c-4894-47af-ba3c-1d5fc8c7c1ec/2/320x400.jpeg)
Viveck Patel
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Holly Springs, NC 27540
Clients tend to focus on the problem and want to "fix" the problem and reach their end goal. What I try to challenge my clients here is that instead of focusing on the problem, let us try focusing on solutions. Instead of focusing on an end goal, let us try walking through this life changing journey together. As a therapist, a positive therapeutic relationship and patience is key to fully understand and slowly opening up the shell of vulnerability. Once the client has allowed the therapist into their vulnerability, positive change can start to occur.
Clients tend to focus on the problem and want to "fix" the problem and reach their end goal. What I try to challenge my clients here is that instead of focusing on the problem, let us try focusing on solutions. Instead of focusing on an end goal, let us try walking through this life changing journey together. As a therapist, a positive therapeutic relationship and patience is key to fully understand and slowly opening up the shell of vulnerability. Once the client has allowed the therapist into their vulnerability, positive change can start to occur.
![Photo of Vincent M Wright, MSW, LCSW, FBMHP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/06d8cd4a-d004-432f-9bf5-882207b7585e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Vincent M Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, FBMHP
Verified Verified
Raleigh, NC 27603 (Online Only)
**Accepting New Clients** Life can be overwhelming, confusing, disappointing, and painful. Life can be very fast-paced, and it can be very difficult in knowing how to keep up. If you’re feeling depressed, or having difficulty with friendships/relationships/family/job, therapy can help. Are the experiences earlier in your life (childhood and/or early adulthood) impacting you now? Is it difficult to make healthy choices? Do you have anger issues? Do you struggle to share emotions that are natural and more vulnerable? Therapy can aid a person in making healthy choices, and improve your daily decision-making.
**Accepting New Clients** Life can be overwhelming, confusing, disappointing, and painful. Life can be very fast-paced, and it can be very difficult in knowing how to keep up. If you’re feeling depressed, or having difficulty with friendships/relationships/family/job, therapy can help. Are the experiences earlier in your life (childhood and/or early adulthood) impacting you now? Is it difficult to make healthy choices? Do you have anger issues? Do you struggle to share emotions that are natural and more vulnerable? Therapy can aid a person in making healthy choices, and improve your daily decision-making.
![Photo of Merya V. Wolfe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/72acc615-c3f1-486f-ab56-0cd377e6f758/3/320x400.jpeg)
I offer psychotherapy for children over 14 years of age, couples and adults. A typical client may have Bipolar Disorder or other depressive or anxiety disorders or behavioral issues, such as anger outbursts Or they may struggle with grief or other difficult life situations and need support and guidance. I specialize in treatment of trauma related disorders, such as PTSD., and also in treatment of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. My approach to treatment is gentle but direct. I respond to your unique needs, drawing from your strengths and encourage you to be open and move towards positive life changes.
I offer psychotherapy for children over 14 years of age, couples and adults. A typical client may have Bipolar Disorder or other depressive or anxiety disorders or behavioral issues, such as anger outbursts Or they may struggle with grief or other difficult life situations and need support and guidance. I specialize in treatment of trauma related disorders, such as PTSD., and also in treatment of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. My approach to treatment is gentle but direct. I respond to your unique needs, drawing from your strengths and encourage you to be open and move towards positive life changes.
![Photo of Melanie McCabe, PhD, LP, HSP, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e77f721c-c4d9-4219-9021-cd3b25cc8e17/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hi, I am Dr. Melanie McCabe. Call me Melanie or Mel. I am a real human, mom, wife, and a slow runner trying to get faster and a psychologist. I like to use a real, kind, yet direct and sometimes humorous approach with clients. I like to build partnerships with clients. Some want to fine tune their lives and some need to create lives worth living. I see children as young as 6, their parents, young adults and mature adults. My clients have often seen several other providers before meeting me. I do not accept insurance so I can dedicate clinical time to caring for patients.
Hi, I am Dr. Melanie McCabe. Call me Melanie or Mel. I am a real human, mom, wife, and a slow runner trying to get faster and a psychologist. I like to use a real, kind, yet direct and sometimes humorous approach with clients. I like to build partnerships with clients. Some want to fine tune their lives and some need to create lives worth living. I see children as young as 6, their parents, young adults and mature adults. My clients have often seen several other providers before meeting me. I do not accept insurance so I can dedicate clinical time to caring for patients.
Online Therapists
![Photo of April Dawn-Eaddy Thornton - Voice for Children & Nurturing Families , LPC, RPT, CCTP, CSOTS, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3fca2928-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Voice for Children & Nurturing Families
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT, CCTP, CSOTS
Verified Verified
Winston Salem, NC 27103
VCNF uses Parent Child Interaction Therapy and CPP.
Accepting New Patients! VCNF specializes and is committed to helping children, adolescents, adults, and families to achieve their goals and find healing within a safe environment. VCNF's goal is to assist patients in finding and expressing their maximum potential. VCNF specializes in treating trauma, adoption, foster care, depression, attachment, and attachment. VCNF's approach to therapy is unique in that she uses up-to-date interventions and various types of evidenced based treatment modalities to treat psychological and behavioral issues. VCNF is also a champion of healthy development, personal growth and relationships.
VCNF uses Parent Child Interaction Therapy and CPP.
Accepting New Patients! VCNF specializes and is committed to helping children, adolescents, adults, and families to achieve their goals and find healing within a safe environment. VCNF's goal is to assist patients in finding and expressing their maximum potential. VCNF specializes in treating trauma, adoption, foster care, depression, attachment, and attachment. VCNF's approach to therapy is unique in that she uses up-to-date interventions and various types of evidenced based treatment modalities to treat psychological and behavioral issues. VCNF is also a champion of healthy development, personal growth and relationships.
![Photo of Dr. Brie Arevalo, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d4157cfd-0bb5-4899-b024-01279f5741c1/1/320x400.jpeg)
The Landing Place, PLLC is opening January 2024! Our clinic offers therapy for children, adolescents, families, and young adults. We specialize in parent-child relationships, childhood trauma, ADHD, anxiety, depression, adoptee identity formation, life transitions, and Christian faith-integration (upon request). Our mission is to empower every child and family to transform challenges into strengths, celebrate mistakes as stepping stones, and illuminate untold stories that make each individual and family unique. At our core, we strive to collaboratively build relationships - and do so by having fun!
The Landing Place, PLLC is opening January 2024! Our clinic offers therapy for children, adolescents, families, and young adults. We specialize in parent-child relationships, childhood trauma, ADHD, anxiety, depression, adoptee identity formation, life transitions, and Christian faith-integration (upon request). Our mission is to empower every child and family to transform challenges into strengths, celebrate mistakes as stepping stones, and illuminate untold stories that make each individual and family unique. At our core, we strive to collaboratively build relationships - and do so by having fun!
![Photo of Lea Ray, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b410d2fa-abfb-4b57-9828-0898837513cb/2/320x400.jpeg)
Lea Ray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Durham, NC 27705
Waitlist for new clients
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is an intensive coaching program that teaches parents a blend of play therapy techniques and discipline strategies.
If your child suffers from anxiety, depression, or challenging behaviors, or has experienced a traumatic event, it may be hard for you and your child to get through the day. You may worry about your child's future, or feel that you can’t be the parent you want to be when it's a battle just to get through basic daily activities. Individual play therapy, or Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, can turn this around. Both are evidence-based treatments to help children learn how to handle their intense feelings and improve their relationships with others. I will involve you in the treatment process.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is an intensive coaching program that teaches parents a blend of play therapy techniques and discipline strategies.
If your child suffers from anxiety, depression, or challenging behaviors, or has experienced a traumatic event, it may be hard for you and your child to get through the day. You may worry about your child's future, or feel that you can’t be the parent you want to be when it's a battle just to get through basic daily activities. Individual play therapy, or Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, can turn this around. Both are evidence-based treatments to help children learn how to handle their intense feelings and improve their relationships with others. I will involve you in the treatment process.
![Photo of Jenny Wrenn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/91142d69-e1d6-4028-bb4b-823e7d174aeb/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jenny Wrenn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Raleigh, NC 27615 (Online Only)
With extensive experience spanning from young children to adults, I specialize in a variety of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and trauma-focused interventions.
Welcome! My name is Jenny and I am glad you're here! As a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals of all ages navigate life's challenges, I am here to support you in your journey towards healing and growth. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, or navigating identity, my goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your feelings and develop coping strategies. I believe in empowering my clients to harness their strengths and resilience as they work towards achieving their goals.
With extensive experience spanning from young children to adults, I specialize in a variety of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and trauma-focused interventions.
Welcome! My name is Jenny and I am glad you're here! As a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals of all ages navigate life's challenges, I am here to support you in your journey towards healing and growth. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, or navigating identity, my goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your feelings and develop coping strategies. I believe in empowering my clients to harness their strengths and resilience as they work towards achieving their goals.
![Photo of Melissa Aguilar, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1685ec59-a7a8-4d78-899e-62d0a05e90c9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Melissa Aguilar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Apex, NC 27502 (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed in how to manage your emotions or perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed in your relationships (marital, parent-child, parent-teenager, family, or friends)? Do you find yourself becoming irritable at small things or simply being someone you do not want to be anymore? If the answer is yes to any of those questions, I am glad you have found my page. We all have difficult times throughout our life and it is okay to need and ask for help. Difficult times or difficult symptoms vary from person to person. I am here to help guide you and find ways to alleviate your concerns.
Are you feeling overwhelmed in how to manage your emotions or perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed in your relationships (marital, parent-child, parent-teenager, family, or friends)? Do you find yourself becoming irritable at small things or simply being someone you do not want to be anymore? If the answer is yes to any of those questions, I am glad you have found my page. We all have difficult times throughout our life and it is okay to need and ask for help. Difficult times or difficult symptoms vary from person to person. I am here to help guide you and find ways to alleviate your concerns.
![Photo of Sara Salter, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c945a0d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Believing that children are born with great potential, I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and their families. When approaching therapy, I understand the importance of fostering a trusting and collaborative relationship in which clients can feel safe to explore their thoughts, feelings, and life challenges. In order to help you achieve your goals, I adhere to a positive, strength-based, and solution-focused approach that is highly collaborative and individualized. My services are provided in a professional and respectful manner, while maintaining the utmost confidentiality.
Believing that children are born with great potential, I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and their families. When approaching therapy, I understand the importance of fostering a trusting and collaborative relationship in which clients can feel safe to explore their thoughts, feelings, and life challenges. In order to help you achieve your goals, I adhere to a positive, strength-based, and solution-focused approach that is highly collaborative and individualized. My services are provided in a professional and respectful manner, while maintaining the utmost confidentiality.
![Photo of Annie Segrest, MSW, LCSWA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/97a89f03-90c0-4344-aa0f-c8ebb2da0c76/2/320x400.jpeg)
I offer individual, couples and family therapy, and have extensive experience working within the LGBTQIA+ community. I believe being seen, heard and affirmed are integral in the healing process and center clients accordingly. I work with grief, trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship challenges and changes, un-partnered parenting and coparenting, family crisis and early childhood issues. I draw from Trauma-Informed practices and Evidence-Based techniques including Emotionally Focused Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Systems Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
I offer individual, couples and family therapy, and have extensive experience working within the LGBTQIA+ community. I believe being seen, heard and affirmed are integral in the healing process and center clients accordingly. I work with grief, trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship challenges and changes, un-partnered parenting and coparenting, family crisis and early childhood issues. I draw from Trauma-Informed practices and Evidence-Based techniques including Emotionally Focused Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family Systems Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
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Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?
PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.
How long does PCIT last?
The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.
Can PCIT be done online?
PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.
Does PCIT help parents?
In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.