Depression Therapists in Carthage, NC

Photo of Kasha Howard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kasha Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
I specialize in adolescent issues, disruptive mood disorders, anger management, and depression and anxiety. I also treat children and adult survivors of childhood trauma through a DBT, psychodynamic, and CBT Trauma focus approach. I have a lot of experience and enjoy working with young adults with self-esteem problems, relationship issues, and difficulty finding direction in their lives. My goal is to help change the attitudes and perceptions of parents and adolescents, thus changing their behavior.
I specialize in adolescent issues, disruptive mood disorders, anger management, and depression and anxiety. I also treat children and adult survivors of childhood trauma through a DBT, psychodynamic, and CBT Trauma focus approach. I have a lot of experience and enjoy working with young adults with self-esteem problems, relationship issues, and difficulty finding direction in their lives. My goal is to help change the attitudes and perceptions of parents and adolescents, thus changing their behavior.
(980) 447-5581 View (980) 447-5581
Photo of Laureen Belle Thomas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laureen Belle Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
I have experience working with, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma.
Welcome. Are you experiencing difficulties with relationships, children, spirituality, sex, or work? It often happens that many of us need a little help now and then. In my years of practice, I've seen how depression and anxiety can affect people's lives and can cause a great deal of guilt and frustration. Life is a journey, both joyous and painful. I believe that no one purposely tries to mess up their life, however, once caught up in our own situations we often cannot see the "forest for the trees", making it difficult to see things any differently during stressfull times.
I have experience working with, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma.
Welcome. Are you experiencing difficulties with relationships, children, spirituality, sex, or work? It often happens that many of us need a little help now and then. In my years of practice, I've seen how depression and anxiety can affect people's lives and can cause a great deal of guilt and frustration. Life is a journey, both joyous and painful. I believe that no one purposely tries to mess up their life, however, once caught up in our own situations we often cannot see the "forest for the trees", making it difficult to see things any differently during stressfull times.
(919) 794-8245 View (919) 794-8245
Photo of Olivia Roberts, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Olivia Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327
My speciality areas include grief, anxiety, trauma, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, step-parenting, women's issues, health and medical issues.
We heal when we are heard. I am a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges with confidence and resilience. My approach is person-centered. I tailor my support to your unique needs and goals. I draw from evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based practices to empower you with tools for lasting change.
My speciality areas include grief, anxiety, trauma, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, step-parenting, women's issues, health and medical issues.
We heal when we are heard. I am a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges with confidence and resilience. My approach is person-centered. I tailor my support to your unique needs and goals. I draw from evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based practices to empower you with tools for lasting change.
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Photo of Katie Quin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Quin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327  (Online Only)
Weekend availability! Hello and welcome. I'm Katie, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 12 years of experience working with diverse populations. Finding a therapist can be intimidating, but I'm here to support you in your journey in whatever way I can. As an added bonus, my pittie Gumbo will want to introduce himself and offer virtual support in our sessions! I'm currently accepting new clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship conflict, and self-esteem/body image issues. I also have experience treating military service members and their families.
Weekend availability! Hello and welcome. I'm Katie, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 12 years of experience working with diverse populations. Finding a therapist can be intimidating, but I'm here to support you in your journey in whatever way I can. As an added bonus, my pittie Gumbo will want to introduce himself and offer virtual support in our sessions! I'm currently accepting new clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship conflict, and self-esteem/body image issues. I also have experience treating military service members and their families.
(910) 971-0498 View (910) 971-0498
Photo of Christine Bartel, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Christine Bartel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327
With over six years of dedicated experience in independent coaching and lay counseling, I have experience working with teens, young adults, individuals, and couples. Some areas of experience include anxiety, stress, depression, life transitions, premarital, parenting, pregnancy loss, and relationships. I am particularly passionate about supporting parents of neurodivergent children and pregnant and postpartum women.
With over six years of dedicated experience in independent coaching and lay counseling, I have experience working with teens, young adults, individuals, and couples. Some areas of experience include anxiety, stress, depression, life transitions, premarital, parenting, pregnancy loss, and relationships. I am particularly passionate about supporting parents of neurodivergent children and pregnant and postpartum women.
(910) 569-8160 View (910) 569-8160
Photo of Chantha Hall, MA, MFCT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chantha Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFCT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327
I understand how difficult relationships can be at times and how individuals may endure problems that affect their every day lives. I am here to help. I have a passion for working with individuals, families, and couples. My goal is to provide you the clients ,with tools that can help with overcoming issues such as conflict, anxiety, depression, marital problems and child behavior. My interests are in working with diverse populations, military families, couples, and individuals . I truly enjoy all people; listening, understanding, and providing help through a behavioral , solution, and systemic viewpoint.
I understand how difficult relationships can be at times and how individuals may endure problems that affect their every day lives. I am here to help. I have a passion for working with individuals, families, and couples. My goal is to provide you the clients ,with tools that can help with overcoming issues such as conflict, anxiety, depression, marital problems and child behavior. My interests are in working with diverse populations, military families, couples, and individuals . I truly enjoy all people; listening, understanding, and providing help through a behavioral , solution, and systemic viewpoint.
(910) 556-3171 View (910) 556-3171
Photo of Sandra Sargent, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra Sargent
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
Life can be challenging at times. Fortunately, you don’t have to struggle alone. It is often helpful to speak with an objective, compassionate, caring therapist who can help you increase your self-awareness and help you to see things from other perspectives. I believe that asking for help is a sign of strength. It’s the first step towards taking control of your life and making the changes needed to improve your emotional health and quality of life. Whether you’re feeling anxious, depressed, or confused, I can help you identify and clarify your thoughts and feelings and process them.
Life can be challenging at times. Fortunately, you don’t have to struggle alone. It is often helpful to speak with an objective, compassionate, caring therapist who can help you increase your self-awareness and help you to see things from other perspectives. I believe that asking for help is a sign of strength. It’s the first step towards taking control of your life and making the changes needed to improve your emotional health and quality of life. Whether you’re feeling anxious, depressed, or confused, I can help you identify and clarify your thoughts and feelings and process them.
(910) 716-8006 View (910) 716-8006
Photo of Michelle Willis, LCMHC
Michelle Willis
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
I am a seasoned therapist with experience working with concerns such as Trauma, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Personality Disorders, ADHD, Parenting Concerns, Emotional and/or Behavioral Difficulties for children and adolescents, Relationship Challenges, and Family Communication.
Are you ready for life to be different? To be able to see a brighter path, one in which you are more accepting of yourself, healing, learning, and growing towards the life that you envision? Perhaps you are facing a life transition, a difficult phase of parenting, communication concerns in your relationship, or family conflicts. Maybe your child is struggling with emotional, behavioral, or academic functioning. A safe, warm, empathetic space for exploring your life challenges, identifying goals specific for you and/or your family, and building upon your strengths can bring you closer to the life you want, the life you deserve.
I am a seasoned therapist with experience working with concerns such as Trauma, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Personality Disorders, ADHD, Parenting Concerns, Emotional and/or Behavioral Difficulties for children and adolescents, Relationship Challenges, and Family Communication.
Are you ready for life to be different? To be able to see a brighter path, one in which you are more accepting of yourself, healing, learning, and growing towards the life that you envision? Perhaps you are facing a life transition, a difficult phase of parenting, communication concerns in your relationship, or family conflicts. Maybe your child is struggling with emotional, behavioral, or academic functioning. A safe, warm, empathetic space for exploring your life challenges, identifying goals specific for you and/or your family, and building upon your strengths can bring you closer to the life you want, the life you deserve.
(910) 716-8006 View (910) 716-8006
Photo of Kayla Staples, MSW, LCSW, RPT, TF-CBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kayla Staples
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in treating children, adolescents, adults, and families using various modalities to help treat symptoms related to depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, behavioral issues, social conflicts, and self-esteem.
I believe the hardest part of beginning any new experience is walking through the door. Acknowledging you need help and letting people in (let alone a stranger) is hard too! I strive to ensure that the experience of therapy is safe, welcoming, and positive. My hope is to help my clients discover strength within themselves and develop coping skills to help them improve their life and reduce unwanted symptoms.
I specialize in treating children, adolescents, adults, and families using various modalities to help treat symptoms related to depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, behavioral issues, social conflicts, and self-esteem.
I believe the hardest part of beginning any new experience is walking through the door. Acknowledging you need help and letting people in (let alone a stranger) is hard too! I strive to ensure that the experience of therapy is safe, welcoming, and positive. My hope is to help my clients discover strength within themselves and develop coping skills to help them improve their life and reduce unwanted symptoms.
(910) 773-3345 View (910) 773-3345
Photo of Arianna M Livingston, LCMHC, NCC, MA
Arianna M Livingston
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327  (Online Only)
More often than not, folks start therapy knowing they want to try it out, but not knowing really where to start. When you work with me, you can expect us to focus on identifying possible underlying or long-term issues that may be contributing to your present day experience, as well as addressing the concern you have that's right there on the surface. We'll work collaboratively towards accomplishing your goals and check in on your progress throughout the journey.
More often than not, folks start therapy knowing they want to try it out, but not knowing really where to start. When you work with me, you can expect us to focus on identifying possible underlying or long-term issues that may be contributing to your present day experience, as well as addressing the concern you have that's right there on the surface. We'll work collaboratively towards accomplishing your goals and check in on your progress throughout the journey.
(910) 727-3075 View (910) 727-3075
Photo of Dr. Pamela Cassellius - Promise Counseling, PLLC, LCMHCS, LCMHCA
Promise Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHCS, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
At Promise Counseling, PLLC, our focus is to help clients grow and heal as they become aware of their inner strengths. We strive to achieve this by providing a safe environment where clients can be heard and understood. We collaborate with our clients to establish goals that will move them toward freedom from the things that they believe are keeping them from fully engaging in their lives. Our team includes: Dr. Pamela Cassellius, LCMHCS (Carthage/Telehealth), Ms. Carly Meadows, LCMHCA (Charlotte/Tele), Mrs. Jordan Quate, LCMHCA (Carthage/Tele), Mrs. Ashley Harris, LCMHCA (Carthage/Tele) and Ms. Kelsie Boss, LCMHCA (Telehealth).
At Promise Counseling, PLLC, our focus is to help clients grow and heal as they become aware of their inner strengths. We strive to achieve this by providing a safe environment where clients can be heard and understood. We collaborate with our clients to establish goals that will move them toward freedom from the things that they believe are keeping them from fully engaging in their lives. Our team includes: Dr. Pamela Cassellius, LCMHCS (Carthage/Telehealth), Ms. Carly Meadows, LCMHCA (Charlotte/Tele), Mrs. Jordan Quate, LCMHCA (Carthage/Tele), Mrs. Ashley Harris, LCMHCA (Carthage/Tele) and Ms. Kelsie Boss, LCMHCA (Telehealth).
(910) 634-3783 View (910) 634-3783
Photo of Alex Ruh, LIMHP, LCMHC, BC-TMH
Alex Ruh
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LIMHP, LCMHC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327  (Online Only)
I'm extremely passionate about helping others live to their truest potential. Life has a way of putting many of us in a chronic fight or flight mode, and I strive to bring people back to their space of equilibrium. That place you go when you close your eyes and think about a life without as much chaos doesn't have to be a mere daydream, we can work together to make it reality.
I'm extremely passionate about helping others live to their truest potential. Life has a way of putting many of us in a chronic fight or flight mode, and I strive to bring people back to their space of equilibrium. That place you go when you close your eyes and think about a life without as much chaos doesn't have to be a mere daydream, we can work together to make it reality.
(608) 602-2817 View (608) 602-2817
Photo of Amber Glover, LCSW, LCAS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Glover
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327
There are many challenges in life. Obstacles that are faced, can be scary and overwhelming; particularly when you feel that you are facing them alone. Having an extra-support and advocate for yourself can help so much on your pursuit of growth and finding relief.
There are many challenges in life. Obstacles that are faced, can be scary and overwhelming; particularly when you feel that you are facing them alone. Having an extra-support and advocate for yourself can help so much on your pursuit of growth and finding relief.
(910) 460-5848 View (910) 460-5848
Photo of Mariquena Davenport, LCSWA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mariquena Davenport
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carthage, NC 28327
Waitlist for new clients
Finding yourself through a hardship? Maybe lost, confused, or not exactly where you want to be? Tried different ways to get to where you want to be, and still find yourself wandering? Perhaps not many understand what you have lived through or what you are current living through. I want to take a chance to better understand you and go through this journey of discovery with you. Our relationship and collaboration is the first step to help yourself get where you dream of being. Allow me to walk along your side, to help identify your inner strengths to battle any challenge that you may be facing.
Finding yourself through a hardship? Maybe lost, confused, or not exactly where you want to be? Tried different ways to get to where you want to be, and still find yourself wandering? Perhaps not many understand what you have lived through or what you are current living through. I want to take a chance to better understand you and go through this journey of discovery with you. Our relationship and collaboration is the first step to help yourself get where you dream of being. Allow me to walk along your side, to help identify your inner strengths to battle any challenge that you may be facing.
(984) 733-1250 View (984) 733-1250
Photo of Denise Dauval - Be Herd LLC, ES
Be Herd LLC
ES
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
The traditional office environment is not for everyone. We offer real therapy in a beautiful farm setting where our clients have the opportunity to work with the horses, take a walk around the farm and experience the peaceful setting. Our therapist utilize all the techniques of talk therapy in addition to treatment models incorporating animals. We customize our sessions to meet your needs and our hope is to make you as comfortable as possible so that you are able to focus on the changes you are looking for. We work with children ages 6 years and up, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
The traditional office environment is not for everyone. We offer real therapy in a beautiful farm setting where our clients have the opportunity to work with the horses, take a walk around the farm and experience the peaceful setting. Our therapist utilize all the techniques of talk therapy in addition to treatment models incorporating animals. We customize our sessions to meet your needs and our hope is to make you as comfortable as possible so that you are able to focus on the changes you are looking for. We work with children ages 6 years and up, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(910) 356-9571 View (910) 356-9571
Photo of Leah Shea Witenbarger, LCMHCS, NCC, CCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leah Shea Witenbarger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHCS, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
With 18 years experience, I enjoy working with children, adolescents, adults, and couples on many different barriers to fulfilling their own potential. My desire is to meet each individual where they are to work towards gaining control over any personal challenges they are experiencing. I pull from many different psychotherapy theories to meet many unique needs and my specialties are diverse.
With 18 years experience, I enjoy working with children, adolescents, adults, and couples on many different barriers to fulfilling their own potential. My desire is to meet each individual where they are to work towards gaining control over any personal challenges they are experiencing. I pull from many different psychotherapy theories to meet many unique needs and my specialties are diverse.
(910) 722-4761 View (910) 722-4761
Photo of Stacey Craven-Gatling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacey Craven-Gatling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
As a Clinician who has been working with children and families for over fifteen years, I have extensive experience with children from diverse backgrounds, including those who have experienced trauma, those with behavioral challenges, and those who are struggling with mental health issues. Through these experiences, I have developed a deep understanding of the unique needs of each child and the importance of providing them with individualized care. By offering children a space to share their thoughts and feelings and process their experiences, we can help them develop the emotional intelligence and resilience they need to thrive.
As a Clinician who has been working with children and families for over fifteen years, I have extensive experience with children from diverse backgrounds, including those who have experienced trauma, those with behavioral challenges, and those who are struggling with mental health issues. Through these experiences, I have developed a deep understanding of the unique needs of each child and the importance of providing them with individualized care. By offering children a space to share their thoughts and feelings and process their experiences, we can help them develop the emotional intelligence and resilience they need to thrive.
(910) 727-1199 View (910) 727-1199
Photo of Erin Elizabeth Gaudreault - Erin E. Gaudreault, LCSW, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erin E. Gaudreault, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carthage, NC 28327
Not accepting new clients
Being human means that we sometimes find ourselves struggling with conflicting and difficult emotions. This is often our experience when faced with challenging issues such as depression, anxiety, loss, life transitions, or difficulty in relationships. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I work with adults and couples using a compassionate and non-judgmental approach. My style in working with clients is relational and developmental. My work is grounded in Attachment Theory which has taught us over several decades of research that as humans, both children and adults, we are wired for emotional connection with others.
Being human means that we sometimes find ourselves struggling with conflicting and difficult emotions. This is often our experience when faced with challenging issues such as depression, anxiety, loss, life transitions, or difficulty in relationships. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I work with adults and couples using a compassionate and non-judgmental approach. My style in working with clients is relational and developmental. My work is grounded in Attachment Theory which has taught us over several decades of research that as humans, both children and adults, we are wired for emotional connection with others.
(910) 684-3083 View (910) 684-3083

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ebone Rocker - Carolina Counseling Services - Southern Pines, NC, LCMHCS, Counselor
Carolina Counseling Services - Southern Pines, NC
Counselor, LCMHCS
Verified Verified
Whispering Pines, NC 28327
These may include relationship concerns, life changes, challenging child behaviors, depression, anxiety, extreme worry, mood swings, crying, nightmares, irritability, substance use, hopelessness and grief to name a few.
Life can be challenging, therapy can help. Our independently contracted therapists work with couples, adults, teens and children to get to where they want to be. We contract with friendly, experienced, licensed clinicians with different specialties who are able to help. Our Southern Pines and Pinehurst offices are warm and welcoming, allowing you to feel at home when meeting with your therapist. Please visit the website for detailed information on how we may assist you: www.CarolinaCounselingServices.com.
These may include relationship concerns, life changes, challenging child behaviors, depression, anxiety, extreme worry, mood swings, crying, nightmares, irritability, substance use, hopelessness and grief to name a few.
Life can be challenging, therapy can help. Our independently contracted therapists work with couples, adults, teens and children to get to where they want to be. We contract with friendly, experienced, licensed clinicians with different specialties who are able to help. Our Southern Pines and Pinehurst offices are warm and welcoming, allowing you to feel at home when meeting with your therapist. Please visit the website for detailed information on how we may assist you: www.CarolinaCounselingServices.com.
(910) 725-6336 View (910) 725-6336
Photo of Jessica Parfitt - Lotus Counseling Center, MSW, LCSW, LCAS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lotus Counseling Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
Whispering Pines, NC 28327
I enjoy working with teens and adults on issues related to anger, ADHD, adjustments, depression, anxiety, PTSD and self-esteem. Teaching teens how to cope in this often times chaotic world is a passion of mine, but I also enjoy working with adults and teaching them how to decrease distorted thinking and create a life they love living. Self-awareness, self-regulation, self-soothing, and self-determination are fundamentally important for healing and I ask the questions that will help you understand your own barriers and teach you the skills that will empower you to change.
I enjoy working with teens and adults on issues related to anger, ADHD, adjustments, depression, anxiety, PTSD and self-esteem. Teaching teens how to cope in this often times chaotic world is a passion of mine, but I also enjoy working with adults and teaching them how to decrease distorted thinking and create a life they love living. Self-awareness, self-regulation, self-soothing, and self-determination are fundamentally important for healing and I ask the questions that will help you understand your own barriers and teach you the skills that will empower you to change.
(910) 335-2531 View (910) 335-2531

See more therapy options for Carthage

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.