Therapists in Torrance, CA

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Photo of Dr. Carol J. Piccirillo, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Carol J. Piccirillo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Do you have anxiety and find yourself worrying all the time? Do your relationships suffer because you worry? Worrying affects your mind and body. It often involves nervousness, panic, fear, obsessive-compulsiveness, and embarrassment or worse, shame. Whether you have one of these experiences or all of them, worry disconnects you from loved ones. This leads to sadness or depression. You don't have to be alone with your worry (or sadness). Engaging in treatment is a difficult decision, but your commitment will be the first step toward releasing the emotions that stand in the way of you feeling safe, calm, confident and connected.
Do you have anxiety and find yourself worrying all the time? Do your relationships suffer because you worry? Worrying affects your mind and body. It often involves nervousness, panic, fear, obsessive-compulsiveness, and embarrassment or worse, shame. Whether you have one of these experiences or all of them, worry disconnects you from loved ones. This leads to sadness or depression. You don't have to be alone with your worry (or sadness). Engaging in treatment is a difficult decision, but your commitment will be the first step toward releasing the emotions that stand in the way of you feeling safe, calm, confident and connected.
(310) 895-9864 View (310) 895-9864
Photo of Ashley Dunn, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ashley Dunn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
I believe in personal investment in my client's care and aim to empower them to prioritize that personal investment in themselves and be active participants in their growth. I value a collaborative approach by joining with my clients to help them gain awareness, develop and utilize skills to manage their moods, symptoms, and build confidence in their abilities. All presentations in the session are areas for exploration, curiosity, and achieving a growth-mindset perspective. I welcome authenticity and aim to be genuine in order to create a welcoming and personal connection that supports the best outcomes for clients.
I believe in personal investment in my client's care and aim to empower them to prioritize that personal investment in themselves and be active participants in their growth. I value a collaborative approach by joining with my clients to help them gain awareness, develop and utilize skills to manage their moods, symptoms, and build confidence in their abilities. All presentations in the session are areas for exploration, curiosity, and achieving a growth-mindset perspective. I welcome authenticity and aim to be genuine in order to create a welcoming and personal connection that supports the best outcomes for clients.
(424) 728-4856 View (424) 728-4856
Photo of Paula Ong, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Paula Ong
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
You might be feeling stressed, lost, confused, overwhelmed, or stuck. Your thoughts and emotions feel “too much” that you just want them to stop. Maybe you've had enough of behavior patterns that get in the way of your self and your relationships. Maybe you've experienced life events that hold you back from being your most self. Or maybe you are unsure of where to even start. But here you are open to learning different ways of coping, being, and living. I can provide services for children, teens, and adults for online individual therapy.
You might be feeling stressed, lost, confused, overwhelmed, or stuck. Your thoughts and emotions feel “too much” that you just want them to stop. Maybe you've had enough of behavior patterns that get in the way of your self and your relationships. Maybe you've experienced life events that hold you back from being your most self. Or maybe you are unsure of where to even start. But here you are open to learning different ways of coping, being, and living. I can provide services for children, teens, and adults for online individual therapy.
(661) 206-2021 View (661) 206-2021
Photo of Kaela Pangburn, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kaela Pangburn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90504  (Online Only)
Thank you for being here. My goal is to support people in healing the deepest, most hidden parts of themselves. This therapeutic space is for the intuitive, the deep thinkers, and the highly sensitive who have been trying to make sense of their experiences. I offer extensive knowledge and support with the following: nervous system healing, complex trauma, chronic emotional dysregulation, adverse childhood events, and relational fear/anxiety. If you are seeking support by trying to organize what feels like internal chaos, difficulty understanding experience, or are more curious to explore your identity; welcome.
Thank you for being here. My goal is to support people in healing the deepest, most hidden parts of themselves. This therapeutic space is for the intuitive, the deep thinkers, and the highly sensitive who have been trying to make sense of their experiences. I offer extensive knowledge and support with the following: nervous system healing, complex trauma, chronic emotional dysregulation, adverse childhood events, and relational fear/anxiety. If you are seeking support by trying to organize what feels like internal chaos, difficulty understanding experience, or are more curious to explore your identity; welcome.
(310) 861-3978 View (310) 861-3978
Photo of Katrin Cohen - Feel Serene Counseling , MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Feel Serene Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
Don't think you are broken because you are looking for a therapist. That anxiety, depression or low self esteem are signs that the real you is yearning to be seen. I want to empower individuals in finding their true self and using their values as a guiding force. I know a lot of individuals feel overwhelmed and anxious, relentlessly exhausted, and feel scared they are never enough somehow. By helping you uncover and challenge the roles you have played all your life I will help show you who the real you is. And YOU will be able to naturally set boundaries, increase your self esteem and mood without judging or labeling yourself.
Don't think you are broken because you are looking for a therapist. That anxiety, depression or low self esteem are signs that the real you is yearning to be seen. I want to empower individuals in finding their true self and using their values as a guiding force. I know a lot of individuals feel overwhelmed and anxious, relentlessly exhausted, and feel scared they are never enough somehow. By helping you uncover and challenge the roles you have played all your life I will help show you who the real you is. And YOU will be able to naturally set boundaries, increase your self esteem and mood without judging or labeling yourself.
(424) 292-8687 View (424) 292-8687
Photo of Susan Sosa, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Susan Sosa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
I have worked over 20 years as a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is based on the idea that the most important ingredient in psychotherapy is the relationship that develops between the therapist and the patient. The patient must feel comfortable, safe and understood. This type of trusting environment motivates the exploration of self and enables individuals to reach their full personal potential (self-actualization).
I have worked over 20 years as a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is based on the idea that the most important ingredient in psychotherapy is the relationship that develops between the therapist and the patient. The patient must feel comfortable, safe and understood. This type of trusting environment motivates the exploration of self and enables individuals to reach their full personal potential (self-actualization).
(510) 379-7159 View (510) 379-7159
Photo of Jasmynn Abernathy, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jasmynn Abernathy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Navigating the challenges of parenthood can strain even the strongest relationships. Whether you’re welcoming your first baby or additional little ones to your family, chances are you may be looking to strengthen your bond, improve communication, and get out of what feels like the roommate stage. I’m here to help you and your spouse reconnect and create a loving and supportive partnership that thrives alongside your growing family.
Navigating the challenges of parenthood can strain even the strongest relationships. Whether you’re welcoming your first baby or additional little ones to your family, chances are you may be looking to strengthen your bond, improve communication, and get out of what feels like the roommate stage. I’m here to help you and your spouse reconnect and create a loving and supportive partnership that thrives alongside your growing family.
(310) 905-8054 View (310) 905-8054
Photo of P. Shadi Sharifi, MA, PsyD, Psychologist
P. Shadi Sharifi
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Not accepting new clients
Seeking therapy can be intimidating and challenging, especially during difficult times. It is my goal is to create a warm and welcoming space where compassion, empathy, and acceptance are at the forefront. I’m here to support and guide clients on their path to self-discovery and deeper self-awareness. Clients receive holistic and comprehensive care, with regular collaboration involving external support providers such as school personnel, healthcare providers, and specialists. Referrals for wraparound services are also provided to ensure continuity of care. My specialty areas include kids, teens, young adults, and parent coaching.
Seeking therapy can be intimidating and challenging, especially during difficult times. It is my goal is to create a warm and welcoming space where compassion, empathy, and acceptance are at the forefront. I’m here to support and guide clients on their path to self-discovery and deeper self-awareness. Clients receive holistic and comprehensive care, with regular collaboration involving external support providers such as school personnel, healthcare providers, and specialists. Referrals for wraparound services are also provided to ensure continuity of care. My specialty areas include kids, teens, young adults, and parent coaching.
(424) 400-6760 View (424) 400-6760
Photo of Mark Shokair, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mark Shokair
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Is something in your life not working? Are you struggling with personal, family or relationship challenges? Is your child causing you stress and you just don't know how to get through to them? Whatever it might be there are answers. Let's work together to get your life moving again. Together we will discover how to overcome obstacles, get things moving and begin the process of blossoming into your best self. Currently accepting new clients. Call now for a free consultation.
Is something in your life not working? Are you struggling with personal, family or relationship challenges? Is your child causing you stress and you just don't know how to get through to them? Whatever it might be there are answers. Let's work together to get your life moving again. Together we will discover how to overcome obstacles, get things moving and begin the process of blossoming into your best self. Currently accepting new clients. Call now for a free consultation.
(925) 272-2242 View (925) 272-2242
Photo of Cynthia Plascencia, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia Plascencia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Hi, my name is Cynthia Plascencia, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am based in Southern California. I work with children, adolescents/teenagers, and adults who experience PTSD, trauma, complex trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, grief, behavior, and emotional disorders in children, using a Humanist/Person-Centered approach.
Hi, my name is Cynthia Plascencia, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am based in Southern California. I work with children, adolescents/teenagers, and adults who experience PTSD, trauma, complex trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, grief, behavior, and emotional disorders in children, using a Humanist/Person-Centered approach.
(310) 870-3924 View (310) 870-3924
Photo of Melissa A Garcia, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa A Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90503
Not accepting new clients
Hi! Welcome to my practice! The most important part of therapy is picking the right therapist, feeling comfortable and being able to build trust and a connection. You are your most vulnerable in therapy and I am here to help you work though difficult thoughts, feelings, and traumatic experiences. We will work together to explore your difficulties in life and seek healing so you can live a more fulfilling life. I look forward to talking with you!
Hi! Welcome to my practice! The most important part of therapy is picking the right therapist, feeling comfortable and being able to build trust and a connection. You are your most vulnerable in therapy and I am here to help you work though difficult thoughts, feelings, and traumatic experiences. We will work together to explore your difficulties in life and seek healing so you can live a more fulfilling life. I look forward to talking with you!
(310) 740-9751 View (310) 740-9751
Photo of Marisa Burke, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Marisa Burke
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90503
I am a child therapist who utilizes play as a natural method of communication with your child who is experiencing social, emotional, behavioral, anxiety, or depressive disorders. I provide a confidential, safe, and caring environment for your child to play and explore both conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings. I will work with your child to empower them to express their needs and make use of their newly learned coping strategies.
I am a child therapist who utilizes play as a natural method of communication with your child who is experiencing social, emotional, behavioral, anxiety, or depressive disorders. I provide a confidential, safe, and caring environment for your child to play and explore both conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings. I will work with your child to empower them to express their needs and make use of their newly learned coping strategies.
(310) 956-4076 View (310) 956-4076
Photo of Christine Rivlin, LPCC, Counselor
Christine Rivlin
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
I work primarily with adults who are wanting to manage symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, and trauma. I will be with you on your path to discovery, recovery, and finding the person you would like to become. I approach therapy with a client-centered approach in order to create a safe, comfortable space for you to share and express yourself, and your vulnerabilities. We will explore healthy ways to process your trauma, regulate difficult emotions, and restore broken relationships. I believe the trust built between Client and Therapist is powerful, and necessary in order to help you through your healing journey.
I work primarily with adults who are wanting to manage symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, and trauma. I will be with you on your path to discovery, recovery, and finding the person you would like to become. I approach therapy with a client-centered approach in order to create a safe, comfortable space for you to share and express yourself, and your vulnerabilities. We will explore healthy ways to process your trauma, regulate difficult emotions, and restore broken relationships. I believe the trust built between Client and Therapist is powerful, and necessary in order to help you through your healing journey.
(424) 401-7211 View (424) 401-7211
Photo of Erin Mullaney Reese, CSE, ABS
Erin Mullaney Reese
CSE, ABS
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Whether you are interested in Pleasure, Love, & Relationship Coaching, Sexuality Education, or Adult Novelties Consulting, the benefits of working with a Love Coach are endless. As an educator & Coach I assist individuals and couples with Sex(uality) Education, Mismatched libido Sexless relationships, Orgasm Concerns, Senory play, Exploring Sexuality, Pleasing our Partner(s), Painful with sex, Erectile Disappointment, Early & Delayed Ejaculation, B.D.S.M. Basics, & Novelties Consulting.
Whether you are interested in Pleasure, Love, & Relationship Coaching, Sexuality Education, or Adult Novelties Consulting, the benefits of working with a Love Coach are endless. As an educator & Coach I assist individuals and couples with Sex(uality) Education, Mismatched libido Sexless relationships, Orgasm Concerns, Senory play, Exploring Sexuality, Pleasing our Partner(s), Painful with sex, Erectile Disappointment, Early & Delayed Ejaculation, B.D.S.M. Basics, & Novelties Consulting.
(424) 571-9487 View (424) 571-9487
Photo of Daishea Poole, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daishea Poole
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
Are anxiety and stress keeping you from living your life to your fullest potential? Are you feeling stress weighing on you internally or causing you to feel exhausted and hopeless? Together we will explore ways to grow, further develop self-acceptance and unearth traumatic experiences and daily stressors that are hindering you from achieving this potential. I will be available to provide an unbiased listening ear and warm spirit as you reimagine the life you want for yourself. In this safe and accepting environment, we will develop an action plan to better manage your unique symptoms and your life.
Are anxiety and stress keeping you from living your life to your fullest potential? Are you feeling stress weighing on you internally or causing you to feel exhausted and hopeless? Together we will explore ways to grow, further develop self-acceptance and unearth traumatic experiences and daily stressors that are hindering you from achieving this potential. I will be available to provide an unbiased listening ear and warm spirit as you reimagine the life you want for yourself. In this safe and accepting environment, we will develop an action plan to better manage your unique symptoms and your life.
(424) 232-0862 View (424) 232-0862
Photo of Stefanie Rushatakankovit, LEP, NCSP, BCBA
Stefanie Rushatakankovit
Licensed Educational Psychologist, LEP, NCSP, BCBA
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503
If your child or teen is having trouble with school, learning, big emotions, making or keeping friends, or behavior, I'll help them understand their own brains & bodies, and build the skills they need for emotional growth, independence, and healthy relationships. If you have tried reading books, listening to podcasts, watching videos, and are STILL feeling frustrated or helpless, I work with you to help discover why your child is struggling, collaborate on a plan, and guide and support you to make positive, concrete changes.
If your child or teen is having trouble with school, learning, big emotions, making or keeping friends, or behavior, I'll help them understand their own brains & bodies, and build the skills they need for emotional growth, independence, and healthy relationships. If you have tried reading books, listening to podcasts, watching videos, and are STILL feeling frustrated or helpless, I work with you to help discover why your child is struggling, collaborate on a plan, and guide and support you to make positive, concrete changes.
(424) 307-5007 View (424) 307-5007
Photo of Laquesha Robinson - Libby's Place, Inc., PsyD, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Libby's Place, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90503  (Online Only)
Libby’s Place, Inc. is a group mental health practice that serves a wide range of clients in the South Bay area and Los Angeles communities of Southern California. We provide individual therapy to adults, children/teens, couples, and family counseling. Here at Libby’s Place, we are comprised of a team of caring, knowledgeable, and experienced therapists with an array of specializations that allow us to work with clients with a wide range of issues. We also offer teletherapy /video sessions.
Libby’s Place, Inc. is a group mental health practice that serves a wide range of clients in the South Bay area and Los Angeles communities of Southern California. We provide individual therapy to adults, children/teens, couples, and family counseling. Here at Libby’s Place, we are comprised of a team of caring, knowledgeable, and experienced therapists with an array of specializations that allow us to work with clients with a wide range of issues. We also offer teletherapy /video sessions.
(323) 766-6721 View (323) 766-6721
Photo of Susan Lee, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90509
I am passionate about helping people to progress on their life journey toward wellbeing. I believe most of out distress and conflicts stem from maladaptive understanding of self and our perceived needs, of others, the world, and of God. Accordingly, a step toward health begins with increasing self awareness and insight into ourselves, our problems, and the ability to see the reality in growing clarity which result in changed thoughts, feelings and actions.
I am passionate about helping people to progress on their life journey toward wellbeing. I believe most of out distress and conflicts stem from maladaptive understanding of self and our perceived needs, of others, the world, and of God. Accordingly, a step toward health begins with increasing self awareness and insight into ourselves, our problems, and the ability to see the reality in growing clarity which result in changed thoughts, feelings and actions.
(562) 418-6771 View (562) 418-6771
Photo of Margaret Mack, LPCC
Margaret Mack
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Torrance, CA 90505
Hello! My name is Margaret and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. My work is tailored to the individual client and integrates multiple modalities based on their specific needs. My job is not to fix or change people, but to facilitate a growth process in which clients can become more aligned with themselves, heal pain from the past or present, and explore and affirm what lies within. I firmly believe that even my youngest of clients are the expert on their own lived experience, and that much of my work is to help them see more clearly the potential and strength that was there before they even began therapy.
Hello! My name is Margaret and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. My work is tailored to the individual client and integrates multiple modalities based on their specific needs. My job is not to fix or change people, but to facilitate a growth process in which clients can become more aligned with themselves, heal pain from the past or present, and explore and affirm what lies within. I firmly believe that even my youngest of clients are the expert on their own lived experience, and that much of my work is to help them see more clearly the potential and strength that was there before they even began therapy.
(424) 347-8271 View (424) 347-8271
Photo of Joneé Watt - A Healing Start Counseling , MSW, LCSW, PPSC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
A Healing Start Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Torrance, CA 90505
A Healing Start Counseling is committed to helping individuals begin their journey toward a healthier, more self-compassionate version of themselves. Navigating feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression can become overwhelming and impact how you show up at work/school, in relationships and your daily life in general. I believe in meeting you exactly where you are, creating a safe and trusting environment so that you feel fully seen and heard. Mindfulness practices are integrated into sessions to help you become aware of what you are truly feeling and help shift you from a negative state- emotions, thoughts, or physical pain.
A Healing Start Counseling is committed to helping individuals begin their journey toward a healthier, more self-compassionate version of themselves. Navigating feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression can become overwhelming and impact how you show up at work/school, in relationships and your daily life in general. I believe in meeting you exactly where you are, creating a safe and trusting environment so that you feel fully seen and heard. Mindfulness practices are integrated into sessions to help you become aware of what you are truly feeling and help shift you from a negative state- emotions, thoughts, or physical pain.
(562) 837-0758 View (562) 837-0758
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Torrance, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Torrance, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
67% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Cigna and Evernorth
68% Aetna
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Torrance, CA see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Torrance?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.