Therapists in Linwood, NJ

Photo of Shakeilla Smithbey - Tree of Life Integrative Family Medicine, MD
Tree of Life Integrative Family Medicine
MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221  (Online Only)
Dr. Shakeilla Smithbey, has over 10 years of experience & founded the Tree of Life Integrative Medicine in 2020. She works as an Integrative Medicine Consultant in coordination with her patients’ primary care providers and specialists. At the Tree of Life Integrative Family Medicine, we offer medical consultation for adults and children ages 13 years old and above. Our services include nutritional counseling, supplement guidance, telemedicine and medical consultation for common inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we provide non-opioid pain management options like acupuncture. Book your appt today!
Dr. Shakeilla Smithbey, has over 10 years of experience & founded the Tree of Life Integrative Medicine in 2020. She works as an Integrative Medicine Consultant in coordination with her patients’ primary care providers and specialists. At the Tree of Life Integrative Family Medicine, we offer medical consultation for adults and children ages 13 years old and above. Our services include nutritional counseling, supplement guidance, telemedicine and medical consultation for common inflammatory, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we provide non-opioid pain management options like acupuncture. Book your appt today!
(609) 245-6753 View (609) 245-6753
Photo of Tammi L Grovatt-Dawkins, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tammi L Grovatt-Dawkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
The counseling relationship provides a unique opportunity to partner with a caring professional to examine life events together in a safe environment, generate personal insight/awareness and identify areas for empowered change. We all have the greatest potential for growth when we understand our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and the critical themes in our individual stories. This process allows us to navigate through adversity toward authentic meaning and purpose.
The counseling relationship provides a unique opportunity to partner with a caring professional to examine life events together in a safe environment, generate personal insight/awareness and identify areas for empowered change. We all have the greatest potential for growth when we understand our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and the critical themes in our individual stories. This process allows us to navigate through adversity toward authentic meaning and purpose.
(856) 872-2551 View (856) 872-2551
Photo of Michael Pedicino - Michael Pedicino, PhD, LPC/Linwood Psychology LLC, PhD, DM, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Pedicino, PhD, LPC/Linwood Psychology LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, DM, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
Dr. Pedicino offers counseling and psychotherapeutic services to individuals and couples in NJ and PA, searching for a creative way to attain happiness, contentment, serenity, productivity, and unconditional love in every aspect of one's life, relationships and/or one's career. Patients/clients will be guided to experience what improvisation, creativity, and consciousness can bring to one's state of being. Habitual and/or dogmatic patterns of behavior, which have led to discomfort, anxiety, and emotional distress, will be examined so that new patterns of thought and behavior will create newly discovered satisfaction and happiness.
Dr. Pedicino offers counseling and psychotherapeutic services to individuals and couples in NJ and PA, searching for a creative way to attain happiness, contentment, serenity, productivity, and unconditional love in every aspect of one's life, relationships and/or one's career. Patients/clients will be guided to experience what improvisation, creativity, and consciousness can bring to one's state of being. Habitual and/or dogmatic patterns of behavior, which have led to discomfort, anxiety, and emotional distress, will be examined so that new patterns of thought and behavior will create newly discovered satisfaction and happiness.
(917) 909-6761 View (917) 909-6761
Photo of Leslie Marilyn Meltzer, PhD, Psychologist
Leslie Marilyn Meltzer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
Each person, male or female, is accepted as a unique individual and accepted for where they are at this point in time. I bring an awareness that an individual's behavior and feelings are multidetermined by many complex factors - family of origin, societal, interpersonal relationships and individual characteristics and experiences. Understanding, change and better adaptation are feasible goals for all individuals.
Each person, male or female, is accepted as a unique individual and accepted for where they are at this point in time. I bring an awareness that an individual's behavior and feelings are multidetermined by many complex factors - family of origin, societal, interpersonal relationships and individual characteristics and experiences. Understanding, change and better adaptation are feasible goals for all individuals.
(609) 454-8023 View (609) 454-8023
Photo of Nicole Lynch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Lynch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
Hello! Looking for a therapist can be difficult and you have done the first step! Congratulations! Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) focusing primarily on: depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, relationship challenges/divorce and trauma. I utilize a person centered approach pulling from treatment modalities including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness. I only have openings Monday - Thursday 11:00am-3:00pm in person and virtual. Evenings after 4:00pm Virtual Only.
Hello! Looking for a therapist can be difficult and you have done the first step! Congratulations! Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) focusing primarily on: depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, relationship challenges/divorce and trauma. I utilize a person centered approach pulling from treatment modalities including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness. I only have openings Monday - Thursday 11:00am-3:00pm in person and virtual. Evenings after 4:00pm Virtual Only.
(609) 542-2795 View (609) 542-2795
Photo of Bianca Valentin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bianca Valentin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
I am dually licensed as a licensed clinical social worker and licensed clinical alcohol drug counselor. I have experience with working in various mental health settings which allows me to provide individualized therapy to meet your needs.
I am dually licensed as a licensed clinical social worker and licensed clinical alcohol drug counselor. I have experience with working in various mental health settings which allows me to provide individualized therapy to meet your needs.
(609) 913-2162 View (609) 913-2162
Photo of Christina Cummins, LPC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christina Cummins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221  (Online Only)
It happened again. Another intense relationship where you end up feeling broken, betrayed, and abandoned. “How am I supposed to trust people,” you wonder, “if everyone I care about hurts me?” You’re consumed by what people think of you. A minor slight in traffic or a sideways look from a coworker can send you spiraling into insecurity. You desperately long for some relief from this pain. You have big aspirations and want so badly to break free from your self-doubt and pursue them. But you’re scared. You’ve put yourself out there and been hurt so many times before that you’re unsure if you can do it again. It feels hopeless.
It happened again. Another intense relationship where you end up feeling broken, betrayed, and abandoned. “How am I supposed to trust people,” you wonder, “if everyone I care about hurts me?” You’re consumed by what people think of you. A minor slight in traffic or a sideways look from a coworker can send you spiraling into insecurity. You desperately long for some relief from this pain. You have big aspirations and want so badly to break free from your self-doubt and pursue them. But you’re scared. You’ve put yourself out there and been hurt so many times before that you’re unsure if you can do it again. It feels hopeless.
(609) 622-4893 View (609) 622-4893
Photo of Natalie Kraft, LPC, LCADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Natalie Kraft
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCADC
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221  (Online Only)
What else can you do? Your daughter isn’t getting any better. You got her a therapist. A psychiatrist. But she still doesn't seem any happier. In fact, things seem to be getting worse. Her emotions and behaviors are becoming more erratic. She comes home late at night, she always wears long sleeves and you think it’s to hide her self-harming. Every attempt to talk to her just leads to another vicious screaming match. You know just how capable, smart, and fun she can be, but you’re terrified you may never see that side of her again.
What else can you do? Your daughter isn’t getting any better. You got her a therapist. A psychiatrist. But she still doesn't seem any happier. In fact, things seem to be getting worse. Her emotions and behaviors are becoming more erratic. She comes home late at night, she always wears long sleeves and you think it’s to hide her self-harming. Every attempt to talk to her just leads to another vicious screaming match. You know just how capable, smart, and fun she can be, but you’re terrified you may never see that side of her again.
(609) 354-7297 View (609) 354-7297
Photo of Donna L Davidson, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Donna L Davidson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
I am a psychotherapist educated in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. My approach is collaborative, empathic and interactive. I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of your true self and identify patterns of behavior that may be preventing you from experiencing a more satisfying life. We will explore the obstacles that hold you back from reaching your full potential and develop strategies to help you move forward,
I am a psychotherapist educated in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. My approach is collaborative, empathic and interactive. I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of your true self and identify patterns of behavior that may be preventing you from experiencing a more satisfying life. We will explore the obstacles that hold you back from reaching your full potential and develop strategies to help you move forward,
(609) 362-5022 View (609) 362-5022
Photo of Jason Keil, MSW, LSW
Jason Keil
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
Thank you for taking the time to look at my profile! I do not believe that I have one ideal client. I work well with the younger population, especially when it comes to things like bullying and anxiety, because I have the most experience with this group and with these problems. What I am looking for in an "ideal client" is the drive to improve oneself. By seeking out a therapist and attending therapy a client has already taken steps to help themselves and in doing so has become my ideal client. A person that wants the help to change or grow in some aspect of their lives.
Thank you for taking the time to look at my profile! I do not believe that I have one ideal client. I work well with the younger population, especially when it comes to things like bullying and anxiety, because I have the most experience with this group and with these problems. What I am looking for in an "ideal client" is the drive to improve oneself. By seeking out a therapist and attending therapy a client has already taken steps to help themselves and in doing so has become my ideal client. A person that wants the help to change or grow in some aspect of their lives.
(609) 316-4295 x206 View (609) 316-4295 x206
Photo of Gina Marie Peccia, MA, LPC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gina Marie Peccia
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
Waitlist for new clients
It seems that life is so complicated these days, that there is no time for YOU. Are you feeling overwhelmed, frustrated or just tired? I am a NJ State Licensed Professional Counselor with years of experience working with adults and adolescents. I am here to help you identify those areas of your life that require change. If you are suffering with clinical concerns, such as anxiety, panic attacks, frequent mood changes, depression; or you are stuck in obsessive thinking, complicated grief, or traumatic experiences that are affecting the present, I can assist you in working to overcome them.
It seems that life is so complicated these days, that there is no time for YOU. Are you feeling overwhelmed, frustrated or just tired? I am a NJ State Licensed Professional Counselor with years of experience working with adults and adolescents. I am here to help you identify those areas of your life that require change. If you are suffering with clinical concerns, such as anxiety, panic attacks, frequent mood changes, depression; or you are stuck in obsessive thinking, complicated grief, or traumatic experiences that are affecting the present, I can assist you in working to overcome them.
(609) 403-3567 View (609) 403-3567
Photo of Kate Mattleman, LCSW, RN, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Mattleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
Mending Minds, Healing Hearts, LLC works with children, adolescents, young adults to older adults. We work with individuals, couples, families, groups and provide support to schools, hospitals and other providers. Our services are offered to people of all cultures, gender identification, race, religion and spiritual beliefs.
Mending Minds, Healing Hearts, LLC works with children, adolescents, young adults to older adults. We work with individuals, couples, families, groups and provide support to schools, hospitals and other providers. Our services are offered to people of all cultures, gender identification, race, religion and spiritual beliefs.
(609) 385-0021 View (609) 385-0021
Photo of Matthew Charles Remington, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Matthew Charles Remington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
My ideal client is someone who recognizes the need for change in their relationships and is ready to take the courageous step toward personal growth. They may be experiencing issues related to codependency, such as difficulty setting boundaries, low self-esteem, or feeling overly responsible for others. Often, these clients find themselves in patterns of caretaking, neglecting their own needs, and struggling with feelings of guilt or resentment. These clients typically seek to break free from these cycles and desire healthier, more balanced relationships.
My ideal client is someone who recognizes the need for change in their relationships and is ready to take the courageous step toward personal growth. They may be experiencing issues related to codependency, such as difficulty setting boundaries, low self-esteem, or feeling overly responsible for others. Often, these clients find themselves in patterns of caretaking, neglecting their own needs, and struggling with feelings of guilt or resentment. These clients typically seek to break free from these cycles and desire healthier, more balanced relationships.
(640) 223-4205 View (640) 223-4205
Photo of Ian Koch, MS, LCADC, CAS, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Ian Koch
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LCADC, CAS
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
Surfside Recovery Services Inc is a Non-Profit organization that only sees folks suffering from addiction and their families. Ian Koch is a Masters level Licensed Clinical Drug and Alcohol Counselor, Nationally Certified Addiction Specialist and a person in long term recovery. He has been focused on helping addicts/alcoholics and their families recover from addiction for over 15 years. Check out SoberNJ.com for more info.
Surfside Recovery Services Inc is a Non-Profit organization that only sees folks suffering from addiction and their families. Ian Koch is a Masters level Licensed Clinical Drug and Alcohol Counselor, Nationally Certified Addiction Specialist and a person in long term recovery. He has been focused on helping addicts/alcoholics and their families recover from addiction for over 15 years. Check out SoberNJ.com for more info.
(609) 528-7308 View (609) 528-7308
Photo of Meghan Privitello, MSS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan Privitello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
There may be many reasons why you are seeking therapy at this time. Perhaps you’re feeling lost in your own life and struggling to connect with yourself and those around you. Maybe you want to find ways to live a fuller, more satisfying, and meaningful life. Therapy provides a unique environment to explore these issues. Together, we will co-construct a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. I believe in the potential of the therapeutic relationship to facilitate acceptance and warmth toward what might feel like the most painful or shameful parts of yourself.
There may be many reasons why you are seeking therapy at this time. Perhaps you’re feeling lost in your own life and struggling to connect with yourself and those around you. Maybe you want to find ways to live a fuller, more satisfying, and meaningful life. Therapy provides a unique environment to explore these issues. Together, we will co-construct a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. I believe in the potential of the therapeutic relationship to facilitate acceptance and warmth toward what might feel like the most painful or shameful parts of yourself.
(609) 757-9074 View (609) 757-9074
Photo of Kelly Geary, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Geary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
I would be honored to help guide you or your loved one on their journey toward wellness & healing. If you have experienced a major loss, setback, or something that has you questioning decisions you have made, I can help. First, I want to understand your story, what you have experienced, who you are and what you want to change. Then I will draw from my 20 plus years of direct, client experience to assist in creating your "roadmap to change." I am utilize full protocol EMDR, trained in CBT, DBT, and IFS. You are not alone and there is hope, regardless of how dark things may seem at times.
I would be honored to help guide you or your loved one on their journey toward wellness & healing. If you have experienced a major loss, setback, or something that has you questioning decisions you have made, I can help. First, I want to understand your story, what you have experienced, who you are and what you want to change. Then I will draw from my 20 plus years of direct, client experience to assist in creating your "roadmap to change." I am utilize full protocol EMDR, trained in CBT, DBT, and IFS. You are not alone and there is hope, regardless of how dark things may seem at times.
(609) 365-1247 View (609) 365-1247
Photo of Michael J Kaplan, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael J Kaplan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221  (Online Only)
Treatment is a collaborative effort using both supportive and cognitive behavioral therapy methods. We will work together to develop the appropriate coping skills, perspective and supports that are needed to address the identified issues. I have over 19 years of full time experience as both an individual therapist and couples counselor, and over 20 years in the social service field. I welcome the opportunity to work together on the agreed upon goals and objectives, in order to achieve a successful result. My services focus on treating the adult population, 18 years of age and older, for individual and couples counseling.
Treatment is a collaborative effort using both supportive and cognitive behavioral therapy methods. We will work together to develop the appropriate coping skills, perspective and supports that are needed to address the identified issues. I have over 19 years of full time experience as both an individual therapist and couples counselor, and over 20 years in the social service field. I welcome the opportunity to work together on the agreed upon goals and objectives, in order to achieve a successful result. My services focus on treating the adult population, 18 years of age and older, for individual and couples counseling.
(609) 631-3238 View (609) 631-3238
Photo of Catherine Ottaviano- Accepting New Clients, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Ottaviano- Accepting New Clients
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
Hi, congratulations on taking your first step towards healing! I am a therapist with multiple years working with individuals impacted by addiction, mental health concerns, and those who are struggling with life changes. I have experience treating co-occurring disorders in both individual and group settings. I take a very empathetic and collaborative approach in my work. I believe that it is very important to build upon your current strengths while addressing issues that may hinder your recovery. I believe that each client is unique and will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is personalized to you.
Hi, congratulations on taking your first step towards healing! I am a therapist with multiple years working with individuals impacted by addiction, mental health concerns, and those who are struggling with life changes. I have experience treating co-occurring disorders in both individual and group settings. I take a very empathetic and collaborative approach in my work. I believe that it is very important to build upon your current strengths while addressing issues that may hinder your recovery. I believe that each client is unique and will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is personalized to you.
(609) 676-2062 View (609) 676-2062
Photo of Jennifer Pullaro, LCSW, LCADC, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Pullaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linwood, NJ 08221
Thanks for taking the time to review my listing. I have been working as a therapist with individuals, couples and families for nearly twenty years in several different settings. I enjoy helping others build insight and awareness into situations that they are facing. My ideal client is looking to develop an understanding of why they do what they do and how they got there.
Thanks for taking the time to review my listing. I have been working as a therapist with individuals, couples and families for nearly twenty years in several different settings. I enjoy helping others build insight and awareness into situations that they are facing. My ideal client is looking to develop an understanding of why they do what they do and how they got there.
(609) 507-3805 View (609) 507-3805
Photo of Michael Evan Schwartz, PhD, Psychologist
Michael Evan Schwartz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Linwood, NJ 08221
Thank you for reviewing my listing and considering use of my services. I have been a licensed clinical psychologist for over 15 years. I have extensive experience with patients from all walks of life. My approach is typically cognitive-behavioral in the context of a supportive/empathic relationship. Due to my varied background as a psychology instructor and supervisor of interns and postdoctoral fellows, I also bring a distinctly psycho-educational approach to my clinical practice; I enjoy teaching about psychology and behavior in the service of helping people to gain insight and make positive change in their lives.
Thank you for reviewing my listing and considering use of my services. I have been a licensed clinical psychologist for over 15 years. I have extensive experience with patients from all walks of life. My approach is typically cognitive-behavioral in the context of a supportive/empathic relationship. Due to my varied background as a psychology instructor and supervisor of interns and postdoctoral fellows, I also bring a distinctly psycho-educational approach to my clinical practice; I enjoy teaching about psychology and behavior in the service of helping people to gain insight and make positive change in their lives.
(609) 318-3013 View (609) 318-3013
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Linwood, NJ

70+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Linwood, NJ who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills
66% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
77% Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield
74% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Linwood, NJ see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Linwood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.