Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Yolanda Molina, LMHC, Counselor
Yolanda Molina
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
As a bilingual psychotherapist with over 21 years of experience, I bring a depth of knowledge to my practice, where I specialize in working with Latino youth, adults, and families from a diverse range of cultural and economic backgrounds.
As a bilingual psychotherapist with over 21 years of experience, I bring a depth of knowledge to my practice, where I specialize in working with Latino youth, adults, and families from a diverse range of cultural and economic backgrounds.
(508) 484-8681 View (508) 484-8681
Photo of Joy Von Steiger, PhD, Psychologist
Joy Von Steiger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I have been in private practice in the Boston/Cambridge area for 35 years working with adults and adolescents, couples and families. I work with clients utilizing a trauma informed lens as well as elements of liberation psychology. I feel all clinical work must begin with a thorough understanding of a client's multiple identities and how those identities interact within their communities and the larger culture.  My work and my passion are embedded in a deep commitment to social justice.
I have been in private practice in the Boston/Cambridge area for 35 years working with adults and adolescents, couples and families. I work with clients utilizing a trauma informed lens as well as elements of liberation psychology. I feel all clinical work must begin with a thorough understanding of a client's multiple identities and how those identities interact within their communities and the larger culture.  My work and my passion are embedded in a deep commitment to social justice.
(617) 682-9227 View (617) 682-9227
Photo of Julia Perriello, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Julia Perriello
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
You might feel stuck when challenges arise and there isn’t a clear path ahead. Therapy can help you figure out where you want to go, navigate through struggles, and take steps forward. I work with adults experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and those facing difficult decisions and transitions. My aim is to support you in developing compassion and flexibility in the way you relate to yourself, others, and difficult situations. My approach is collaborative, warm, and non judgmental.
You might feel stuck when challenges arise and there isn’t a clear path ahead. Therapy can help you figure out where you want to go, navigate through struggles, and take steps forward. I work with adults experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and those facing difficult decisions and transitions. My aim is to support you in developing compassion and flexibility in the way you relate to yourself, others, and difficult situations. My approach is collaborative, warm, and non judgmental.
(508) 403-9163 View (508) 403-9163
Photo of Kumiko Ide, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kumiko Ide
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
I've been working with many young adults, especially Asian-Americans who are dealing with turning points in their lives such as relationships, career, and identities. I see many bi-cultural/bi-racial couples, families, and their children.
I've been working with many young adults, especially Asian-Americans who are dealing with turning points in their lives such as relationships, career, and identities. I see many bi-cultural/bi-racial couples, families, and their children.
(617) 329-9981 View (617) 329-9981
Photo of Michael Koren - Brighter Life Therapy, PLLC, Psychologist
Brighter Life Therapy, PLLC
Psychologist
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Do You Feel Overwhelmed by Anxiety and Stress? At Brighter Life Therapy, we understand how challenging it can be to manage anxiety and stress, whether it's due to work, school, or personal life. You may experience constant worry, difficulty concentrating, or feelings of tension. Social situations might feel intimidating, or you may deal with panic attacks that leave you feeling out of control.
Do You Feel Overwhelmed by Anxiety and Stress? At Brighter Life Therapy, we understand how challenging it can be to manage anxiety and stress, whether it's due to work, school, or personal life. You may experience constant worry, difficulty concentrating, or feelings of tension. Social situations might feel intimidating, or you may deal with panic attacks that leave you feeling out of control.
(857) 597-2190 View (857) 597-2190
Photo of Elizabeth A. Bevington, Counselor
Elizabeth A. Bevington
Counselor
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I strongly believe that everyone should have a safe space where they feel accepted and supported for who they are. Human beings possess an incredible capacity for growth, and I am passionate about facilitating this journey. I believe that self-improvement is fundamental to navigating life's complexities and empowering individuals to take charge of their lives. However, it's common to encounter obstacles that hinder personal growth, and facing these challenges alone can be overwhelming. As a therapist, I prioritize building a trusting and supportive therapeutic alliance with my clients to address their unique needs.
I strongly believe that everyone should have a safe space where they feel accepted and supported for who they are. Human beings possess an incredible capacity for growth, and I am passionate about facilitating this journey. I believe that self-improvement is fundamental to navigating life's complexities and empowering individuals to take charge of their lives. However, it's common to encounter obstacles that hinder personal growth, and facing these challenges alone can be overwhelming. As a therapist, I prioritize building a trusting and supportive therapeutic alliance with my clients to address their unique needs.
(978) 355-1745 View (978) 355-1745
Photo of Sidney Irias, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sidney Irias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
My ideal client is a person who is seeking treatment and is aware of the reason why he/she/they want help. The person can be self-referred or referred by a provider, family, etc. The client is aware of their goals and objectives. The client is also okay with meeting weekly for 50 minutes and understands/agrees with the policies of the agency. The client is aware of and agrees with the limitations therapists have.
My ideal client is a person who is seeking treatment and is aware of the reason why he/she/they want help. The person can be self-referred or referred by a provider, family, etc. The client is aware of their goals and objectives. The client is also okay with meeting weekly for 50 minutes and understands/agrees with the policies of the agency. The client is aware of and agrees with the limitations therapists have.
(857) 520-9503 View (857) 520-9503
Photo of Virginia Perez, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Virginia Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I’m glad you’re here. I am a licensed therapist with over a decade of clinical experience working with adults from a myriad of backgrounds. I offer a collaborative approach to therapy with warmth, authenticity, and empathy. My primary areas of focus include anxiety, ADHD, depression, disordered eating, career concerns, parental stress, women’s issues, life transitions, and relationship issues. I pride myself on consistent education and self reflection in cultural competency to ensure I am able to justly provide services to all communities especially LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC.
Welcome! I’m glad you’re here. I am a licensed therapist with over a decade of clinical experience working with adults from a myriad of backgrounds. I offer a collaborative approach to therapy with warmth, authenticity, and empathy. My primary areas of focus include anxiety, ADHD, depression, disordered eating, career concerns, parental stress, women’s issues, life transitions, and relationship issues. I pride myself on consistent education and self reflection in cultural competency to ensure I am able to justly provide services to all communities especially LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC.
(339) 329-9670 View (339) 329-9670
Photo of Nadia Khatchadourian, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nadia Khatchadourian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
If you feel burdened by sadness, anxiety, unsatisfying relationships or difficult life transitions, therapy can help you find more effective ways to cope and connect to others in a more meaningful way. I believe that therapy is a process in which we will work together to help you live a more fulfilling life. My approach involves helping you cultivate curiosity about yourself, to understand both the positive and painful experiences now and in your past, so that you can move toward your most authentic self. Ultimately, my wish is for you to feel more comfortable and at peace, and to live a life that feels meaningful to you.
If you feel burdened by sadness, anxiety, unsatisfying relationships or difficult life transitions, therapy can help you find more effective ways to cope and connect to others in a more meaningful way. I believe that therapy is a process in which we will work together to help you live a more fulfilling life. My approach involves helping you cultivate curiosity about yourself, to understand both the positive and painful experiences now and in your past, so that you can move toward your most authentic self. Ultimately, my wish is for you to feel more comfortable and at peace, and to live a life that feels meaningful to you.
(857) 226-9736 View (857) 226-9736
Photo of Karen Lee Schiff, LICSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Lee Schiff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I am a clinical social worker in private practice for over 25 years. Previously I did inpatient and outpatient work at a community mental health center. Deciding to talk with a therapist about your problems can be a difficult step, particularly when you are not feeling your best. I work to create a relationship and atmosphere that encourages openness and trust. It is a privilege to be entrusted with your personal and private feelings and thoughts. In therapy we work together to deepen your self-understanding, address and work to resolve concerns that contribute to your emotional suffering and enhance your personal growth.
I am a clinical social worker in private practice for over 25 years. Previously I did inpatient and outpatient work at a community mental health center. Deciding to talk with a therapist about your problems can be a difficult step, particularly when you are not feeling your best. I work to create a relationship and atmosphere that encourages openness and trust. It is a privilege to be entrusted with your personal and private feelings and thoughts. In therapy we work together to deepen your self-understanding, address and work to resolve concerns that contribute to your emotional suffering and enhance your personal growth.
(617) 299-8228 View (617) 299-8228
Photo of Helena Greaney, MS, PCNS, RN
Helena Greaney
MS, PCNS, RN
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Not currently accepting new Clients. It takes courage to seek out a therapist to find the help you long for. It is my practice to meet you with compassion exactly where you are and together we will work to relieve your distress. You will no longer be alone. I will help you find your way to purpose, meaning and connections with others and with Self. Whatever your struggles in life are, we will work to overcome them so that you can become the version of yourself that you wish to be. Our work together is collaborative. We will form a partnership to help you meet your goals.
Not currently accepting new Clients. It takes courage to seek out a therapist to find the help you long for. It is my practice to meet you with compassion exactly where you are and together we will work to relieve your distress. You will no longer be alone. I will help you find your way to purpose, meaning and connections with others and with Self. Whatever your struggles in life are, we will work to overcome them so that you can become the version of yourself that you wish to be. Our work together is collaborative. We will form a partnership to help you meet your goals.
(339) 220-4912 View (339) 220-4912
Photo of Alistair McKnight, PsyaD, LMHC, Counselor
Alistair McKnight
Counselor, PsyaD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
"Some days you wake up and immediately start to worry. Nothing in particular is wrong it's just the suspicion that forces are aligning quietly and there will be trouble." - Jenny Holzer. What can begin as a vague worry in our daily lives might quickly grow into something more troublesome. We might put off getting help in the hope that "things will get better on their own," but sometimes things don't. Often the most difficult step in addressing areas of concern is the first.
"Some days you wake up and immediately start to worry. Nothing in particular is wrong it's just the suspicion that forces are aligning quietly and there will be trouble." - Jenny Holzer. What can begin as a vague worry in our daily lives might quickly grow into something more troublesome. We might put off getting help in the hope that "things will get better on their own," but sometimes things don't. Often the most difficult step in addressing areas of concern is the first.
(617) 446-3050 View (617) 446-3050
Photo of Milay Lemos, LMHC, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Milay Lemos
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
My practice is dedicated to helping clients deepen their capacity for self awareness and personal agency. As part of our work together I help clients explore and develop insight into unconscious processes, repetitive patterns of behavior, and relational difficulties to understand what gets in the way of living meaningfully and authentically while reaching desired goals. Drawing from psychoanalytic, relational, and mindfulness approaches, I work collaboratively with clients to facilitate a safe therapeutic space conducive to increased intimacy, curiosity, and creativity while building on strengths derived from their unique life experiences.
My practice is dedicated to helping clients deepen their capacity for self awareness and personal agency. As part of our work together I help clients explore and develop insight into unconscious processes, repetitive patterns of behavior, and relational difficulties to understand what gets in the way of living meaningfully and authentically while reaching desired goals. Drawing from psychoanalytic, relational, and mindfulness approaches, I work collaboratively with clients to facilitate a safe therapeutic space conducive to increased intimacy, curiosity, and creativity while building on strengths derived from their unique life experiences.
(617) 606-7547 View (617) 606-7547
Photo of Janet Namono, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janet Namono
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
My approach integrates a variety of therapeutic techniques tailored to your unique needs. I draw from relational psychodynamic and attachment-based therapy, trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP). Additionally, I incorporate developmental psychology, mindfulness, and multicultural perspectives, ensuring our sessions are holistic and person-centered. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, family conflict, or life transitions, my goal is to guide you toward clarity and healing, empowering you to overcome life’s challenges.
My approach integrates a variety of therapeutic techniques tailored to your unique needs. I draw from relational psychodynamic and attachment-based therapy, trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP). Additionally, I incorporate developmental psychology, mindfulness, and multicultural perspectives, ensuring our sessions are holistic and person-centered. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, family conflict, or life transitions, my goal is to guide you toward clarity and healing, empowering you to overcome life’s challenges.
(508) 941-8275 View (508) 941-8275
Photo of Katharine Lagreze, Pre-Licensed Professional
Katharine Lagreze
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Katharine Lagreze is a Counselor in Residence who specializes in anxiety, life transitions, identity, self-awareness, self-esteem, expressive therapy, and mindfulness. Her past experience has been in a hospital program partnered with adults managing OCD and comorbid disorders. Katharine also continued her effort at a non-profit arts-based day program serving adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, she has also supported children and adolescents in special education K-12. Katharine has completed a Master of Arts from Lesley University in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a specialization in Art Therapy.
Katharine Lagreze is a Counselor in Residence who specializes in anxiety, life transitions, identity, self-awareness, self-esteem, expressive therapy, and mindfulness. Her past experience has been in a hospital program partnered with adults managing OCD and comorbid disorders. Katharine also continued her effort at a non-profit arts-based day program serving adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, she has also supported children and adolescents in special education K-12. Katharine has completed a Master of Arts from Lesley University in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a specialization in Art Therapy.
(617) 231-9637 View (617) 231-9637
Photo of Jessica Slavin Connelly, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Slavin Connelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
It takes courage and awareness to reach out for support, and I am glad you are here. I strive for our work together to feel immediately comforting, meaningful, real, and effective in getting to the heart of your core concerns. I work from a trauma-informed, context informed, integrative framework in a warm and interactive environment, drawing from holistic, cognitive, and psychodynamic perspectives and I am a DBT and EMDR certified practitioner. Our relationship matters the most in terms of building trust to achieve goals. On that note, I am a Jewish Therapist. If this is of concern for you, I suggest seeing alternative referrals.
It takes courage and awareness to reach out for support, and I am glad you are here. I strive for our work together to feel immediately comforting, meaningful, real, and effective in getting to the heart of your core concerns. I work from a trauma-informed, context informed, integrative framework in a warm and interactive environment, drawing from holistic, cognitive, and psychodynamic perspectives and I am a DBT and EMDR certified practitioner. Our relationship matters the most in terms of building trust to achieve goals. On that note, I am a Jewish Therapist. If this is of concern for you, I suggest seeing alternative referrals.
(617) 752-2945 View (617) 752-2945
Photo of Jasen L Boyle, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jasen L Boyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
*** Now offering virtual sessions to new patients*** Do you have concerns about your substance use? Are you worried about a loved one with an addiction problem? Are you in recovery & looking to make changes in your life? Are you looking to make changes regarding your relationship with substances? Many of my clients are parents, siblings, spouses or concerned significant others (friends, coworkers, etc) with a primary concern about someone else's well-being. Other clients I see are looking for a therapist who will meet them where they are in trying to change their substance use or assist them in their individual recovery process.
*** Now offering virtual sessions to new patients*** Do you have concerns about your substance use? Are you worried about a loved one with an addiction problem? Are you in recovery & looking to make changes in your life? Are you looking to make changes regarding your relationship with substances? Many of my clients are parents, siblings, spouses or concerned significant others (friends, coworkers, etc) with a primary concern about someone else's well-being. Other clients I see are looking for a therapist who will meet them where they are in trying to change their substance use or assist them in their individual recovery process.
(617) 396-7334 View (617) 396-7334
Photo of Rebecca Hillel, PsyD, Psychologist
Rebecca Hillel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
We all have the need for connection. At the same time, there are many factors that make it hard for us to openly share parts of ourselves with others. We may find ourselves in a bind of wanting to be close with people in our life, yet feel like it is not okay to express certain feelings. We may even tell ourselves that being vulnerable is weak. Taken altogether, we may inadvertently get in our own way while we are trying to protect ourselves. These dynamics can have costs in our relationships, work, and ability to enjoy life – costs that sometimes we recognize and sometimes others in our life may point out.
We all have the need for connection. At the same time, there are many factors that make it hard for us to openly share parts of ourselves with others. We may find ourselves in a bind of wanting to be close with people in our life, yet feel like it is not okay to express certain feelings. We may even tell ourselves that being vulnerable is weak. Taken altogether, we may inadvertently get in our own way while we are trying to protect ourselves. These dynamics can have costs in our relationships, work, and ability to enjoy life – costs that sometimes we recognize and sometimes others in our life may point out.
(508) 372-8765 View (508) 372-8765
Photo of Laura Kalin - Laura Kalin, LMHC, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Laura Kalin, LMHC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
Navigating the complexities of life is a challenging endeavor. There are times when we find ourselves at personal or professional crossroads: unsure which course to follow or overwhelmed by change or loss. At these times it is important to have a safe space and guidance to find your way. As your therapist, I can help you explore your feelings, reflect upon your experiences, and make changes so that you will achieve greater meaning and satisfaction in your life. My style is warm, attentive, thoughtful and practical, and my approach to therapy is informed by psychodynamic and relational methods.
Navigating the complexities of life is a challenging endeavor. There are times when we find ourselves at personal or professional crossroads: unsure which course to follow or overwhelmed by change or loss. At these times it is important to have a safe space and guidance to find your way. As your therapist, I can help you explore your feelings, reflect upon your experiences, and make changes so that you will achieve greater meaning and satisfaction in your life. My style is warm, attentive, thoughtful and practical, and my approach to therapy is informed by psychodynamic and relational methods.
(617) 553-4446 View (617) 553-4446
Photo of Cassondra Macaione, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cassondra Macaione
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Cassondra Macaione is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and trauma. Cassondra works with adolescents and adults ranging from 16 to 65 – including families and couples – who are coping with major life transitions, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety. She has worked with clients coping with complex trauma and assures her clients are equipped with exceptional tools to live a full and happy life.
Cassondra Macaione is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and trauma. Cassondra works with adolescents and adults ranging from 16 to 65 – including families and couples – who are coping with major life transitions, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety. She has worked with clients coping with complex trauma and assures her clients are equipped with exceptional tools to live a full and happy life.
(617) 752-8394 View (617) 752-8394
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Aetna
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.