Attachment-based Therapists in Moberly, MO

Photo of Roian Marie Baalman - Roian.Therapy, LLC, MEd, LPC, CRADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Roian.Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CRADC
Verified Verified
Moberly, MO 65270  (Online Only)
Roian Baalman became a therapist because she has been right where you are. Roian takes a holistic approach to therapy and meets her clients where they are. She is highly educated and passionate about helping others find the answers they seek and the healing, joy, and happiness they deserve. She is licensed in Missouri and Texas.
Roian Baalman became a therapist because she has been right where you are. Roian takes a holistic approach to therapy and meets her clients where they are. She is highly educated and passionate about helping others find the answers they seek and the healing, joy, and happiness they deserve. She is licensed in Missouri and Texas.
(660) 696-3965 View (660) 696-3965
Photo of Melanie Shands, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Shands
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Moberly, MO 65270  (Online Only)
My name is Melanie Shands, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I am a Registered Play Therapist and EMDRIA certified EMDR Therapist. I work with youth and adults in Missouri to help them reach their goals and improve their mental health. I believe every person has the ability to heal and improve their mental health when provided with a therapist who is invested in their success and takes the time to teach skills and process feelings, thoughts, and life events. I enjoy working with children and teens, as well as adults in all stages of life.
My name is Melanie Shands, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I am a Registered Play Therapist and EMDRIA certified EMDR Therapist. I work with youth and adults in Missouri to help them reach their goals and improve their mental health. I believe every person has the ability to heal and improve their mental health when provided with a therapist who is invested in their success and takes the time to teach skills and process feelings, thoughts, and life events. I enjoy working with children and teens, as well as adults in all stages of life.
(636) 429-4035 View (636) 429-4035
Photo of Linda Pogo - Linda Pogo, LLC, MEd, LPC, CPC, YTT200, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda Pogo, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CPC, YTT200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Moberly, MO 65270  (Online Only)
I help you heal from the past, accept what is, and live life with intention. Relationship wounds can cause you to lose touch with parts of yourself. You can learn to reconnect with and heal those parts, become the source of your own self-love, self-acceptance, and self-worth. Through radical acceptance of self, others and the world, you can cultivate wisdom and compassion as an internal refuge. I can help you face what is painful and create intention for how you want to be in a world that is not always as you wish it to be. A sense of well-being and peace can be cultivated, even in the midst of chaos, loss and unwanted change.
I help you heal from the past, accept what is, and live life with intention. Relationship wounds can cause you to lose touch with parts of yourself. You can learn to reconnect with and heal those parts, become the source of your own self-love, self-acceptance, and self-worth. Through radical acceptance of self, others and the world, you can cultivate wisdom and compassion as an internal refuge. I can help you face what is painful and create intention for how you want to be in a world that is not always as you wish it to be. A sense of well-being and peace can be cultivated, even in the midst of chaos, loss and unwanted change.
(573) 340-9934 View (573) 340-9934
Photo of Karmen Scott, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karmen Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Moberly, MO 65270  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself overthinking everyday life occurrences? Do you feel like stress and worry are taking over areas of your life that you used to enjoy? Do you find relationships difficult to navigate? Did something happen to you and now you feel like you can't move forward? What if I told you that you don't have to stay stuck, that I can help you navigate those waves that are making you feel like you are sinking...I can help you. The first step is reaching out, you are well on your way!
Do you find yourself overthinking everyday life occurrences? Do you feel like stress and worry are taking over areas of your life that you used to enjoy? Do you find relationships difficult to navigate? Did something happen to you and now you feel like you can't move forward? What if I told you that you don't have to stay stuck, that I can help you navigate those waves that are making you feel like you are sinking...I can help you. The first step is reaching out, you are well on your way!
(660) 202-6704 View (660) 202-6704
Photo of Ashley Swon, MS, PLPC, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Swon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Moberly, MO 65270
Healing happens when we feel connected with others. It is my goal to create a strong therapeutic relationship where my clients can begin to recognize their strengths, understand their patterns, and challenge themselves to grow. I enjoy tailoring sessions to meet each client’s unique needs. My clients are often looking to resolve childhood trauma, break generational patterns, improve their relationships, set boundaries, recover from addiction, explore their sexuality, or navigate transitions such as divorce or blending a family. I am available for in-person sessions in Fayette or via telehealth for anyone in Missouri.
Healing happens when we feel connected with others. It is my goal to create a strong therapeutic relationship where my clients can begin to recognize their strengths, understand their patterns, and challenge themselves to grow. I enjoy tailoring sessions to meet each client’s unique needs. My clients are often looking to resolve childhood trauma, break generational patterns, improve their relationships, set boundaries, recover from addiction, explore their sexuality, or navigate transitions such as divorce or blending a family. I am available for in-person sessions in Fayette or via telehealth for anyone in Missouri.
(660) 285-5763 View (660) 285-5763

Online Therapists

Photo of Karissa Curtis, MA, LPC, CST, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karissa Curtis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake Saint Louis, MO 63367
Waitlist for new clients
I use an integrative therapeutic approach often including attachment-based therapies, parts work, Voice of the Heart, and the Enneagram.
I believe people's pain is holy and sacred ground and that every individual's story has value. I work with individuals and couples, and I'm passionate about understanding my clients' struggles and giving them hope for healing and redemption. In coming to counseling, my clients can be assured that I'll provide a safe, non-judgmental space for them to grow and find healing. Of particular interest to me is helping people who struggle with relationship difficulties, sexual intimacy issues, vaginismus, sexual shame, religious and sexual identity conflicts, spirituality, and conflict and boundary issues.
I use an integrative therapeutic approach often including attachment-based therapies, parts work, Voice of the Heart, and the Enneagram.
I believe people's pain is holy and sacred ground and that every individual's story has value. I work with individuals and couples, and I'm passionate about understanding my clients' struggles and giving them hope for healing and redemption. In coming to counseling, my clients can be assured that I'll provide a safe, non-judgmental space for them to grow and find healing. Of particular interest to me is helping people who struggle with relationship difficulties, sexual intimacy issues, vaginismus, sexual shame, religious and sexual identity conflicts, spirituality, and conflict and boundary issues.
(636) 306-3471 View (636) 306-3471
Photo of Ashley Geiger, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Geiger
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
I bring an attachment-based and Emotionally Focused background into our work together.
Seeking counseling is a huge first step and I am already proud of you for looking for the right therapeutic fit! When we have experienced childhood neglect and abuse, sexual trauma, or a life filled with uncertainty and instability, it may manifest into unhealthy behaviors and relationships in adulthood. Maybe you are struggling with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, emotion dysregulation, low self-esteem, or unhealthy coping behaviors. If so, we may be a great fit! Additionally, I work with those who have experienced betrayal trauma, DNA trauma, divorce, and spiritual/religious abuse.
I bring an attachment-based and Emotionally Focused background into our work together.
Seeking counseling is a huge first step and I am already proud of you for looking for the right therapeutic fit! When we have experienced childhood neglect and abuse, sexual trauma, or a life filled with uncertainty and instability, it may manifest into unhealthy behaviors and relationships in adulthood. Maybe you are struggling with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, emotion dysregulation, low self-esteem, or unhealthy coping behaviors. If so, we may be a great fit! Additionally, I work with those who have experienced betrayal trauma, DNA trauma, divorce, and spiritual/religious abuse.
(573) 799-2682 View (573) 799-2682
Photo of Kate Kolb, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Kolb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jefferson City, MO 65109
I offer Christian Counseling, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Attachment-Based Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Trauma focused therapy, and more.
I am passionate about helping adolescents and adults find healing and personal growth. As someone who entered my first counseling session in 2012, I understand the anxiety and fear of putting yourself out there to begin working with a therapist on issues that are personal and unique to you. I strive to help all of my clients feel safe, comfortable, and always offer a judgement free zone. That being said, I may not always say what you want to hear. I may offer a gentle push or assist you in recognizing some behavioral patterns that are holding you back. We all have them! I'm excited to walk next to you on your journey for growth!
I offer Christian Counseling, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Attachment-Based Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Trauma focused therapy, and more.
I am passionate about helping adolescents and adults find healing and personal growth. As someone who entered my first counseling session in 2012, I understand the anxiety and fear of putting yourself out there to begin working with a therapist on issues that are personal and unique to you. I strive to help all of my clients feel safe, comfortable, and always offer a judgement free zone. That being said, I may not always say what you want to hear. I may offer a gentle push or assist you in recognizing some behavioral patterns that are holding you back. We all have them! I'm excited to walk next to you on your journey for growth!
(573) 227-5663 View (573) 227-5663
Photo of Julia Lee, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julia Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
Clinical approaches: Attachment-Based Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT), Solution-Focused Therapy, Trauma-Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems.
I am licensed in Missouri with 10 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
Clinical approaches: Attachment-Based Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT), Solution-Focused Therapy, Trauma-Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems.
I am licensed in Missouri with 10 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
(573) 763-4637 View (573) 763-4637
Photo of Shannon Abell, PLPC, MSCC, NCC, CGP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Shannon Abell
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MSCC, NCC, CGP
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Through work with individuals aged teen through adulthood and couples in various differing relationships alike, I have developed expertise in areas like attachment, blended families, and depression and anxiety. I have a strong foundation as a caring and supportive counselor and aim to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives. I welcome the opportunity to have my skills challenged and strengthened through experiences and living life.
Through work with individuals aged teen through adulthood and couples in various differing relationships alike, I have developed expertise in areas like attachment, blended families, and depression and anxiety. I have a strong foundation as a caring and supportive counselor and aim to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives. I welcome the opportunity to have my skills challenged and strengthened through experiences and living life.
(573) 496-8175 View (573) 496-8175
Photo of Susan Bernadette Langstraat, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Bernadette Langstraat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Fulton, MO 65251  (Online Only)
I have been in practice for 30 years. I have trained extensively in attachment focused traumas that result in Complex PTSD. I have worked extensively with childhood physical/sexual abuse as well as emotional, developmental neglect. I understand the impact of these childhood issues on adult life. I also work effectively with grief. I am looking for clients who want to work through childhood traumas, grief and challenges in life using attachment-focused EMDR and IFS. I am interested in clients who want to reconnect with parts of themselves that you dislike or have disowned so you can be a more complete version of yourself.
I have been in practice for 30 years. I have trained extensively in attachment focused traumas that result in Complex PTSD. I have worked extensively with childhood physical/sexual abuse as well as emotional, developmental neglect. I understand the impact of these childhood issues on adult life. I also work effectively with grief. I am looking for clients who want to work through childhood traumas, grief and challenges in life using attachment-focused EMDR and IFS. I am interested in clients who want to reconnect with parts of themselves that you dislike or have disowned so you can be a more complete version of yourself.
(573) 261-5958 View (573) 261-5958
Photo of Sonya Paramore, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sonya Paramore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Lake Saint Louis, MO 63367  (Online Only)
Do have a parent or family member with narcissistic traits or who regularly creates emotional or mental turmoil? Are you confused with what to do or wondering if you have a right to protect yourself from harm or toxicity? If so, you've come to the right place. I understand the fear, confusion, grief, and self-doubt you may be feeling.
Do have a parent or family member with narcissistic traits or who regularly creates emotional or mental turmoil? Are you confused with what to do or wondering if you have a right to protect yourself from harm or toxicity? If so, you've come to the right place. I understand the fear, confusion, grief, and self-doubt you may be feeling.
(636) 435-2533 View (636) 435-2533
Photo of Stacy Zorn, CCATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stacy Zorn
Licensed Professional Counselor, CCATP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
If you have been experiencing a disconnect from yourself and others, struggling to understand your reactions or heightened emotions, or feeling as if the thought loop will never end, then I would love to work with you. Painful feelings and challenges in life can be difficult to work through alone. A positive connection with your therapist is a contributing factor in your healing journey. While you journey inward, my intention is to support you with curiosity and compassion and help you heal the wounds that have kept you from knowing peace & thriving.
If you have been experiencing a disconnect from yourself and others, struggling to understand your reactions or heightened emotions, or feeling as if the thought loop will never end, then I would love to work with you. Painful feelings and challenges in life can be difficult to work through alone. A positive connection with your therapist is a contributing factor in your healing journey. While you journey inward, my intention is to support you with curiosity and compassion and help you heal the wounds that have kept you from knowing peace & thriving.
(573) 641-8680 View (573) 641-8680
Photo of Danielle Silver, Licensed Professional Counselor
Danielle Silver
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Sedalia, MO 65301  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Missouri. I hold a Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University. I have provided clinical care in a wide variety of settings, including my work in agency-based, in-home, residential, and outpatient environments. In particular, I have experience working with persons struggling with depression, anxiety, substance abuse/dependence, co-occurring disorders, trauma, eating disorders, life transitions, family violence and parent/child relationships, and LGBTQ+-struggles.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Missouri. I hold a Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University. I have provided clinical care in a wide variety of settings, including my work in agency-based, in-home, residential, and outpatient environments. In particular, I have experience working with persons struggling with depression, anxiety, substance abuse/dependence, co-occurring disorders, trauma, eating disorders, life transitions, family violence and parent/child relationships, and LGBTQ+-struggles.
(866) 738-3081 View (866) 738-3081
Photo of Kym Armontrout, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kym Armontrout
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
I truly enjoy working with people who are looking to make meaningful and lasting changes in their lives, changes that will bring healthier relationships. Clients who are ready to take responsibility for their lives and are done letting other people have too much control or power in their lives. Clients who yearn to find their voice, their individual power, and are ready to build the future that truly will define who they are. Clients who are ready to risk being vulnerable (in a safe space) in order to achieve finding their authentic selves and celebrate all they are meant to be- then moving forward to create that life!
I truly enjoy working with people who are looking to make meaningful and lasting changes in their lives, changes that will bring healthier relationships. Clients who are ready to take responsibility for their lives and are done letting other people have too much control or power in their lives. Clients who yearn to find their voice, their individual power, and are ready to build the future that truly will define who they are. Clients who are ready to risk being vulnerable (in a safe space) in order to achieve finding their authentic selves and celebrate all they are meant to be- then moving forward to create that life!
(573) 531-3231 View (573) 531-3231
Photo of Karen Reeves, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Reeves
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lake Saint Louis, MO 63367
I am passionate about helping people uncover and heal emotional wounds contributing to anxiety, depression, and anger. In addition, through assessments and exploration, I can help you discover the life patterns that have kept you "stuck". Awareness of these patterns is a step toward freedom. One way to discover these patterns is through the use of the Enneagram. I am an Enneagram CP Certified Professional. See information about a group currently forming below.
I am passionate about helping people uncover and heal emotional wounds contributing to anxiety, depression, and anger. In addition, through assessments and exploration, I can help you discover the life patterns that have kept you "stuck". Awareness of these patterns is a step toward freedom. One way to discover these patterns is through the use of the Enneagram. I am an Enneagram CP Certified Professional. See information about a group currently forming below.
(314) 593-2507 View (314) 593-2507
Photo of Debbie B Doll, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Debbie B Doll
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Osage Beach, MO 65065
If you are here, chances are you are looking for a change. Changes can be difficult and overwhelming, often accompanied by anxiety and uncertainty, but know you are capable and strong. Most of all, you don't have to do this alone. Whether this is your first time in therapy or you have previous experience, my goal is to provide you a warm and safe place to achieve your personal goals and manage life’s stressors. I use a strengths-based approach with evidenced-based practices, such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), to help you create positive changes for a more fulfilling life.
If you are here, chances are you are looking for a change. Changes can be difficult and overwhelming, often accompanied by anxiety and uncertainty, but know you are capable and strong. Most of all, you don't have to do this alone. Whether this is your first time in therapy or you have previous experience, my goal is to provide you a warm and safe place to achieve your personal goals and manage life’s stressors. I use a strengths-based approach with evidenced-based practices, such as Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), to help you create positive changes for a more fulfilling life.
(573) 898-4746 View (573) 898-4746
Photo of Stacie Henson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stacie Henson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake Saint Louis, MO 63367
Wouldn't it be nice if children and teens came with an instruction manual? Raising children can bring a roller coaster of emotions and challenges but you're not alone! As a therapist and mother myself, I recognize the impact that children and teens behavioral and mental health concerns can have on them and their families. Behavior communicates their feelings, thoughts and needs. When it becomes challenging and maladaptive it's important to connect with them and uncover what they are trying to express. I believe that you are the expert on your family and your participation and support is an integral part in the treatment process.
Wouldn't it be nice if children and teens came with an instruction manual? Raising children can bring a roller coaster of emotions and challenges but you're not alone! As a therapist and mother myself, I recognize the impact that children and teens behavioral and mental health concerns can have on them and their families. Behavior communicates their feelings, thoughts and needs. When it becomes challenging and maladaptive it's important to connect with them and uncover what they are trying to express. I believe that you are the expert on your family and your participation and support is an integral part in the treatment process.
(636) 238-2751 View (636) 238-2751
Photo of Jacqueline Weydert, LMSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacqueline Weydert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rocky Mount, MO 65072  (Online Only)
Life is short. My goal is to help people find purpose and to overcome some of life's bumps. I work with people of all ages in individual, group, family and with couples who are experiencing feelings/emotions that are getting in the way of living a happy, fulfilled life. Lets face it, sometimes we just need someone to listen and help us learn skills that will get us back on track and feeling better. I work with people that are struggling with anxiety, depression, life events/traumas, bipolar disorder, teen/child issues, couples counseling, finding purpose and many others.
Life is short. My goal is to help people find purpose and to overcome some of life's bumps. I work with people of all ages in individual, group, family and with couples who are experiencing feelings/emotions that are getting in the way of living a happy, fulfilled life. Lets face it, sometimes we just need someone to listen and help us learn skills that will get us back on track and feeling better. I work with people that are struggling with anxiety, depression, life events/traumas, bipolar disorder, teen/child issues, couples counseling, finding purpose and many others.
(636) 238-1764 View (636) 238-1764
Photo of Toni Rahman - Toni Rahman, Traveling Healer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Toni Rahman, Traveling Healer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jefferson City, MO 65109
Trauma's not always what we think it is. It’s not always something big like an accident or loss of a loved one. More often it’s something that happens too soon or too different from what the person has experienced before, causing overload and shutdown in the system. Moving through life without being able to find resolution or make sense of it leaves the body feeling as though that overwhelming event is still happening. Without adequate support, the survivor feels trapped and like something is wrong with them. It's not you. Whatever happened, you can overcome it. A trusting relationship is often the first step toward healing.
Trauma's not always what we think it is. It’s not always something big like an accident or loss of a loved one. More often it’s something that happens too soon or too different from what the person has experienced before, causing overload and shutdown in the system. Moving through life without being able to find resolution or make sense of it leaves the body feeling as though that overwhelming event is still happening. Without adequate support, the survivor feels trapped and like something is wrong with them. It's not you. Whatever happened, you can overcome it. A trusting relationship is often the first step toward healing.
(573) 475-4658 View (573) 475-4658

See more therapy options for Moberly

Nearby Attachment-based Therapists Searches for Moberly

See More Attachment-based Therapists
Attachment-based Therapists

Is attachment-based therapy the same as attachment therapy?

Attachment-based therapy may be confused with what is called “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy”), a discredited and dangerous approach to treating children with attachment disorders, autism, or other mental health concerns. Attachment therapy—not attachment-based therapy—may involve restraining a child, forcing eye contact, and other coercive or abusive techniques. None of these practices are used in attachment-based therapy and the two modalities are in no way related.

What should I expect from attachment-based therapy?

Attachment-based therapy is based on attachment theory, which posits that children’s early relationships with their caregivers strongly influence their ability to navigate the world later in life. Thus, adults who seek attachment-based therapy should expect to deeply explore their childhood, identifying the dynamics or experiences that disrupted their attachment and the steps necessary to overcome challenges that arose as a result. Parents and children should expect to explore the possible factors that disrupted the parent-child relationship and work toward restoring trust and connection.

How long does attachment-based therapy last?

Certain forms of attachment-based therapy, especially those designed for parents and children, last for a set number of sessions; for example, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, a specific attachment-based approach for young children who have undergone early adversity, unfolds over 10 one-hour sessions. When attachment-based therapy is practiced on adults or combined with other modalities, it may not last a specific length of time; clients may wish to ask prospective therapists how long they expect treatment to take.

Does attachment-based therapy work?

Most of the research on attachment-based therapy focuses on children and adolescents. Some of this research shows a positive effect, especially for attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Other studies, however, have found that attachment-based therapy is no more effective than other approaches to childhood depression, anxiety, or suicidality. Less is known about the therapy’s efficacy on adult populations.