Therapists in Kansas City, MO

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Photo of Elizabeth Laughlin, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Laughlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108
As we set sail on the journey of life, you may encounter some confusing and traumatic moments. Throughout the journey, you may experience calm and smooth sailing or you may come across harsh and fierce storms. I am here to guide you through the "storm" with family systemic therapy, a symbolic-experiential approach, and EMDR therapy. Throughout our therapy journey, we will build a therapeutic relationship based on authenticity, trust, and humor, when appropriate. Whether you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, boundaries, relationship dynamics, or grief, I am here to sail with you through your journey.
As we set sail on the journey of life, you may encounter some confusing and traumatic moments. Throughout the journey, you may experience calm and smooth sailing or you may come across harsh and fierce storms. I am here to guide you through the "storm" with family systemic therapy, a symbolic-experiential approach, and EMDR therapy. Throughout our therapy journey, we will build a therapeutic relationship based on authenticity, trust, and humor, when appropriate. Whether you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, boundaries, relationship dynamics, or grief, I am here to sail with you through your journey.
(816) 239-2263 x100 View (816) 239-2263 x100
Photo of Jennifer Cooper Nobo, LCSW, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Cooper Nobo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
Do you feel constantly overwhelmed & burnt out, but can't seem to say "no" to anyone? Do you find yourself going above & beyond for everyone else & just wanting the same in return? Do you feel like you don't know who you are, but there is a part of you that feels like she isn't good enough? I help women just like you learn how to navigate relationships, build self-confidence, challenge anxious thoughts, & learn how create healthy boundaries-all of the the stuff you wish they taught in school. It might feel like changing things in your life is impossible or that taking care of you is selfish, but you deserve as much love as you give.
Do you feel constantly overwhelmed & burnt out, but can't seem to say "no" to anyone? Do you find yourself going above & beyond for everyone else & just wanting the same in return? Do you feel like you don't know who you are, but there is a part of you that feels like she isn't good enough? I help women just like you learn how to navigate relationships, build self-confidence, challenge anxious thoughts, & learn how create healthy boundaries-all of the the stuff you wish they taught in school. It might feel like changing things in your life is impossible or that taking care of you is selfish, but you deserve as much love as you give.
(816) 227-6542 View (816) 227-6542
Photo of Brenda Willis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brenda Willis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64110
Whether the change you seek is to improve your ability to cope with a difficult situation from your past or to learn new ways to manage current challenges in your daily life, we can find a way together to accomplish these goals. My role as your therapist will be to offer support as you discover your own path toward healing and fulfillment. I'll offer an insight-driven, solutions-focused, and skills-based supportive approach to help you successfully make the changes you desire in your life.
Whether the change you seek is to improve your ability to cope with a difficult situation from your past or to learn new ways to manage current challenges in your daily life, we can find a way together to accomplish these goals. My role as your therapist will be to offer support as you discover your own path toward healing and fulfillment. I'll offer an insight-driven, solutions-focused, and skills-based supportive approach to help you successfully make the changes you desire in your life.
(816) 396-7555 View (816) 396-7555
Photo of Nancy McCormick, CRAADC, LAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Nancy McCormick
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CRAADC, LAC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
I believe in the strength of working together to solve life issues. Taking the first step is the hardest; finding a counselor and making the phone call. Congratulations for reaching out to find support and help.
I believe in the strength of working together to solve life issues. Taking the first step is the hardest; finding a counselor and making the phone call. Congratulations for reaching out to find support and help.
(816) 640-4477 View (816) 640-4477
Photo of Dr. Andrea Stover, PhD, MS, LMFT, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Andrea Stover
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MS, LMFT, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111
Relationships are my passion! Whether it be your relationship with yourself, your partner, or life itself, I aim to help people more deeply connect with their authentic selves. When we're living out of alignment, we can have a whole host of symptoms, and it's difficult to get clear about what to do next when we can't see things accurately. Trauma is real. Fear is inevitable. Being disconnected from your true self can also be a thing. Any of these factors can lead to hinderances on your path to leading a soulful life. If you're at a crossroads and unsure which way to go, let me help you illuminate your path forward!
Relationships are my passion! Whether it be your relationship with yourself, your partner, or life itself, I aim to help people more deeply connect with their authentic selves. When we're living out of alignment, we can have a whole host of symptoms, and it's difficult to get clear about what to do next when we can't see things accurately. Trauma is real. Fear is inevitable. Being disconnected from your true self can also be a thing. Any of these factors can lead to hinderances on your path to leading a soulful life. If you're at a crossroads and unsure which way to go, let me help you illuminate your path forward!
(816) 227-6688 View (816) 227-6688
Photo of Christine Leslie, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine Leslie
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64105  (Online Only)
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
(816) 451-0339 View (816) 451-0339
Photo of Kelly Goetzler, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly Goetzler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111
Hi, I’m Kelly! As a self-proclaimed Master of Self-Denial by way of comedic timing, I am well rehearsed in the subtle art of avoiding discomfort. I have learned that the only way out from under a pile of shit is to go through it. I never cease to be amazed by the tales of courage I hear out of devastating stories. I look for the power and capability found in perceived weakness, while breathing new life into established strengths. You are brave, beautiful, & worthy!
Hi, I’m Kelly! As a self-proclaimed Master of Self-Denial by way of comedic timing, I am well rehearsed in the subtle art of avoiding discomfort. I have learned that the only way out from under a pile of shit is to go through it. I never cease to be amazed by the tales of courage I hear out of devastating stories. I look for the power and capability found in perceived weakness, while breathing new life into established strengths. You are brave, beautiful, & worthy!
(816) 793-6831 View (816) 793-6831
Photo of Shana R Puckett, MA, Pastoral Counselor
Shana R Puckett
Pastoral Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64131
Are you longing for a sense of deeper knowing, presence, and integration in your life? Everything taking place, no matter how uncertain or challenging, is assisting you in your next steps in orienting to your deepest Self. I offer holistic spiritual direction to support you in walking your unique path...in spirit, heart, mind, and body. I collaborate with you in an intuitive, person-centered way to live your life from a place of integrity and alignment to your inner guidance, using various integrative modalities including Jungian psychology, energy practices, and attachment and trauma-informed, body-centered somatic healing.
Are you longing for a sense of deeper knowing, presence, and integration in your life? Everything taking place, no matter how uncertain or challenging, is assisting you in your next steps in orienting to your deepest Self. I offer holistic spiritual direction to support you in walking your unique path...in spirit, heart, mind, and body. I collaborate with you in an intuitive, person-centered way to live your life from a place of integrity and alignment to your inner guidance, using various integrative modalities including Jungian psychology, energy practices, and attachment and trauma-informed, body-centered somatic healing.
(720) 442-7649 View (720) 442-7649
Photo of Kathryn Orr, MSW, LSCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn Orr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSCSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64110
I am so glad you are here. The journey of motherhood is certainly beautiful, but it can be profoundly lonely and loaded with pressure to mother perfectly. Your fear, sadness, rage, and even regret make sense. You don't feel like yourself. You might also be having thoughts that scare you. Being seen and heard as you persist through these hard things will open up space for you to befriend your truest self and expand your capacity to cope. My desire is to guide your exploration of who you are, what you have been through, and what you truly want...even beyond your role as mom.
I am so glad you are here. The journey of motherhood is certainly beautiful, but it can be profoundly lonely and loaded with pressure to mother perfectly. Your fear, sadness, rage, and even regret make sense. You don't feel like yourself. You might also be having thoughts that scare you. Being seen and heard as you persist through these hard things will open up space for you to befriend your truest self and expand your capacity to cope. My desire is to guide your exploration of who you are, what you have been through, and what you truly want...even beyond your role as mom.
(816) 327-1489 View (816) 327-1489
Photo of Tina R Dodson - A Tru Path Counseling Services, LPN, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
A Tru Path Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPN, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64133
I am here to assist your journey through your life pathways. I am open minded cognitive behavioral therapist. I approach with a whole life person view and be there for YOU, my client requesting my aid and assist. ...Perdonme...Hola, mi Espanol is primero acerca de estudiente del escuela primero de los cinco o seis clase o grado. Yo soy mujer profesion de salud de mental, por ayudantente por su espiritu, corazon y su salud de mental. Vaya Con Dios. Tina R.Dodson, LPC, profesion de salud mental
I am here to assist your journey through your life pathways. I am open minded cognitive behavioral therapist. I approach with a whole life person view and be there for YOU, my client requesting my aid and assist. ...Perdonme...Hola, mi Espanol is primero acerca de estudiente del escuela primero de los cinco o seis clase o grado. Yo soy mujer profesion de salud de mental, por ayudantente por su espiritu, corazon y su salud de mental. Vaya Con Dios. Tina R.Dodson, LPC, profesion de salud mental
(833) 969-1215 View (833) 969-1215
Photo of Laura K Probasco, LCSW, RPT-S, CDWF, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura K Probasco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S, CDWF
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64110
If you're reading this, I want you to know how courageous it is that you've already taken the first step: asking for help. It's something no one wants to do, but I've been there, and it can be the change you need to live the life you were meant to. Being vulnerable and brave enough to tell your story is tough. But getting you to the place where you can actually own your story, and maybe even write a new ending, is totally worth it.
If you're reading this, I want you to know how courageous it is that you've already taken the first step: asking for help. It's something no one wants to do, but I've been there, and it can be the change you need to live the life you were meant to. Being vulnerable and brave enough to tell your story is tough. But getting you to the place where you can actually own your story, and maybe even write a new ending, is totally worth it.
(913) 270-6738 View (913) 270-6738
Photo of Jessica Horne - From A Strong Place, LCPC, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
From A Strong Place
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
**Online Services Only** As a counselor, I seek to provide counseling that fits the need of the client. From A Strong Place is a safe space that offers convenient telehealth for adults, young adults, and teens.
**Online Services Only** As a counselor, I seek to provide counseling that fits the need of the client. From A Strong Place is a safe space that offers convenient telehealth for adults, young adults, and teens.
(816) 239-3205 View (816) 239-3205
Photo of Bethany Ruhl, PLPC
Bethany Ruhl
PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108  (Online Only)
I bring a warm and inviting energy to client interactions where I help them to make meaning out of life’s joys, sorrows and times of transition. I help clients begin to answer the question of “Why do bad things happen to good people?” I bring years of experience working with grief & loss, end of life issues, times of transition and women’s issues. I use my years working in the mental health field, chaplaincy, the correctional system and adolescent psychology to empower clients to make the best and most healthy decisions for themselves and their loved ones. I believe strongly in the power of unconditional love. I welcome those from a
I bring a warm and inviting energy to client interactions where I help them to make meaning out of life’s joys, sorrows and times of transition. I help clients begin to answer the question of “Why do bad things happen to good people?” I bring years of experience working with grief & loss, end of life issues, times of transition and women’s issues. I use my years working in the mental health field, chaplaincy, the correctional system and adolescent psychology to empower clients to make the best and most healthy decisions for themselves and their loved ones. I believe strongly in the power of unconditional love. I welcome those from a
(816) 338-7842 View (816) 338-7842
Photo of Vanessa Wray Knight, LCPC, NCC, CCMHC, Counselor
Vanessa Wray Knight
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64105
Hello! I'm Vanessa, co-owner of Secure Counseling Clinics. I've lived in KC for 20 years with my husband, 4 children, 3 dogs, 3 cats, 1 bearded dragon, and a flock of backyard chickens! I'm a Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in both MO and KS, Nationally Certified Counselor, National Clinical Mental Health Counselor, and clinical supervisor. My heart work is helping humans with complex trauma. Couples, as well as parents and their children, work with me to form secure attachments with each other. I help clients experiencing relationship difficulties and those who experience pain from circumstances/losses. Full bio on website!
Hello! I'm Vanessa, co-owner of Secure Counseling Clinics. I've lived in KC for 20 years with my husband, 4 children, 3 dogs, 3 cats, 1 bearded dragon, and a flock of backyard chickens! I'm a Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in both MO and KS, Nationally Certified Counselor, National Clinical Mental Health Counselor, and clinical supervisor. My heart work is helping humans with complex trauma. Couples, as well as parents and their children, work with me to form secure attachments with each other. I help clients experiencing relationship difficulties and those who experience pain from circumstances/losses. Full bio on website!
(816) 608-8444 View (816) 608-8444
Photo of Elizabeth Brown, MS, LMFT, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling stuck, chaotic, overwhelmed, purposeless, anxious? Do you ever find yourself doing the same things over and over wishing you would have a different outcome? Do you feel consumed by your thoughts? Do you feel like you and your partner just don’t get each other? Often time asking for help and finding help is overwhelming. You want to make a change, make things better, but you don’t know how. You want to feel like you again - not to just keep surviving, but start living intentionally and passionately. You want the anxiety, the intrusive thoughts and the sleepless nights to end - to be present with yourself and your loved ones.
Feeling stuck, chaotic, overwhelmed, purposeless, anxious? Do you ever find yourself doing the same things over and over wishing you would have a different outcome? Do you feel consumed by your thoughts? Do you feel like you and your partner just don’t get each other? Often time asking for help and finding help is overwhelming. You want to make a change, make things better, but you don’t know how. You want to feel like you again - not to just keep surviving, but start living intentionally and passionately. You want the anxiety, the intrusive thoughts and the sleepless nights to end - to be present with yourself and your loved ones.
(816) 662-6127 View (816) 662-6127
Photo of Cosenza Bryson - Balancing Harmony Counseling, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Balancing Harmony Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64131  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate and dedicated Master’s Level Licensed Professional Counselor, who appreciates providing clients with support. I completed my bachelor's and master's degree in psychology at Avila University. I have six years' experience as a therapist.
I am a compassionate and dedicated Master’s Level Licensed Professional Counselor, who appreciates providing clients with support. I completed my bachelor's and master's degree in psychology at Avila University. I have six years' experience as a therapist.
(816) 744-5690 View (816) 744-5690
Photo of Jaresa D Ross-Bey, LSCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jaresa D Ross-Bey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64153
The four pillars of my practice are self-care wellness, building self-love, self-confidence, and self-compassion. Your happiness and mental wellness are the cornerstones of healthy relationships with yourself and others. We all have the insight to resolve any barriers in life. Identifying and developing self-empowerment and having the ability to implement and reinforce personal boundaries provide the vehicle to support one to become aware of what is needed to overcome these obstacles.
The four pillars of my practice are self-care wellness, building self-love, self-confidence, and self-compassion. Your happiness and mental wellness are the cornerstones of healthy relationships with yourself and others. We all have the insight to resolve any barriers in life. Identifying and developing self-empowerment and having the ability to implement and reinforce personal boundaries provide the vehicle to support one to become aware of what is needed to overcome these obstacles.
(816) 495-3907 View (816) 495-3907
Photo of Jacqulyn Hicks, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jacqulyn Hicks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64105
Are you a teenager, a couple, or an individual who's experienced trauma and in need of healing? Welcome to this valuable space. Meet Christy Phelps, your experienced and more-than-capable therapist. Christy firmly believes that you're not here by coincidence and that now is your time to heal. She employs a compassionate approach that has been refined over 17 years of dedicated therapy provision in order to improve your current situation.
Are you a teenager, a couple, or an individual who's experienced trauma and in need of healing? Welcome to this valuable space. Meet Christy Phelps, your experienced and more-than-capable therapist. Christy firmly believes that you're not here by coincidence and that now is your time to heal. She employs a compassionate approach that has been refined over 17 years of dedicated therapy provision in order to improve your current situation.
(816) 342-5242 View (816) 342-5242
Photo of Gabi Goldstein, MSW, LCSW, CSAYC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gabi Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAYC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64109  (Online Only)
Hi there, I’m Gabi! Thank you for taking the time to read through my page. Reaching out for therapy can be a daunting and overwhelming process. I’m here to make this journey easy to navigate so you can focus on what matters most. My passion lies in facilitating a space for healing and guiding individuals like you towards living your most authentic life. Taking this first step requires courage, and I'm here to support you every step of the way.
Hi there, I’m Gabi! Thank you for taking the time to read through my page. Reaching out for therapy can be a daunting and overwhelming process. I’m here to make this journey easy to navigate so you can focus on what matters most. My passion lies in facilitating a space for healing and guiding individuals like you towards living your most authentic life. Taking this first step requires courage, and I'm here to support you every step of the way.
(816) 846-3336 View (816) 846-3336
Photo of Ashley Johnson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64106
Our minds have a good way of making us feel completely alone, don’t they? I know what it feels like to be where you are today. I applaud you for taking the time to search for a therapist, as it takes a lot of bravery. But you are here. You made it to this page and that is the first step toward progress. As a former teacher, I have a lot of experience working with all ages. I am passionate about meeting each individual where they are at when they enter my office. My interest areas include working with adolescents, young adults, woman’s issues, depression, and anxiety.
Our minds have a good way of making us feel completely alone, don’t they? I know what it feels like to be where you are today. I applaud you for taking the time to search for a therapist, as it takes a lot of bravery. But you are here. You made it to this page and that is the first step toward progress. As a former teacher, I have a lot of experience working with all ages. I am passionate about meeting each individual where they are at when they enter my office. My interest areas include working with adolescents, young adults, woman’s issues, depression, and anxiety.
(816) 624-2764 View (816) 624-2764
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kansas City, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Kansas City, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
65% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Kansas City, MO see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kansas City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.