Therapists in Clayton, MO

Photo of Chester Smith, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chester Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Whether it is wanting help with depression or anxiety, wanting to work on relationship issues or just wanting to live a richer fuller life, therapy can help. As human beings we are faced with a broad range of challenges. Therapy provides the opportunity to explore thoughts and feelings that contribute to anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties. It is a place to learn about one’s self and to grow. Emotional pain like physical pain is a signal that something needs to be attended to. Sources can often be found in our early life experiences sometimes involving trauma. Once understood the pain will usually begin to subside.
Whether it is wanting help with depression or anxiety, wanting to work on relationship issues or just wanting to live a richer fuller life, therapy can help. As human beings we are faced with a broad range of challenges. Therapy provides the opportunity to explore thoughts and feelings that contribute to anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties. It is a place to learn about one’s self and to grow. Emotional pain like physical pain is a signal that something needs to be attended to. Sources can often be found in our early life experiences sometimes involving trauma. Once understood the pain will usually begin to subside.
(314) 207-8599 View (314) 207-8599
Photo of Sarah Strohmayer, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Strohmayer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Starting therapy can be anxiety-provoking and scary. You are already making the steps to finding someone to start the process of caring for yourself. I am dedicated to helping you gain control of your life and assist you in making changes to become the person you desire to be. I provide a secure and nurturing environment for you to explore deep into yourself and uncover past experiences or beliefs that could be hindering growth. I work a lot with people who have experienced trauma and understand the importance of the process of working through trauma including teaching relaxation and self-regulation techniques.
Starting therapy can be anxiety-provoking and scary. You are already making the steps to finding someone to start the process of caring for yourself. I am dedicated to helping you gain control of your life and assist you in making changes to become the person you desire to be. I provide a secure and nurturing environment for you to explore deep into yourself and uncover past experiences or beliefs that could be hindering growth. I work a lot with people who have experienced trauma and understand the importance of the process of working through trauma including teaching relaxation and self-regulation techniques.
(314) 667-4023 View (314) 667-4023
Photo of Lori Becker - Dr. Lori Becker, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Dr. Lori Becker
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, specializing in psychotherapy and diagnostic assessment. I am committed to providing ethical care in a safe and trusting environment. I work with clients to help them build the skills they need to improve their lives and relationships, so they can live a rewarding life that is balanced, fulfilling, and consistent with their values. My focus in therapy is to help clients examine what may be contributing to their current distress and help them to find meaning, purpose, and growth.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, specializing in psychotherapy and diagnostic assessment. I am committed to providing ethical care in a safe and trusting environment. I work with clients to help them build the skills they need to improve their lives and relationships, so they can live a rewarding life that is balanced, fulfilling, and consistent with their values. My focus in therapy is to help clients examine what may be contributing to their current distress and help them to find meaning, purpose, and growth.
(314) 736-3910 View (314) 736-3910
Photo of Ben Koenig, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ben Koenig
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Life’s challenges often feel overwhelming. Whether these challenges are encountered in pursuit of a healthier lifestyle, in trying to connect with your dearest loved ones, or in coping with a variety of big and small setbacks, there exists a pathway to success and happiness within you that is yet untapped. With all of the outside pressures coming from our school/job, family, romantic and friend relationships it can be difficult to establish our own needs. Let me help you build a healthy relationship with yourself by unraveling those things that tie you down and re-creating a life of intention and connection.
Life’s challenges often feel overwhelming. Whether these challenges are encountered in pursuit of a healthier lifestyle, in trying to connect with your dearest loved ones, or in coping with a variety of big and small setbacks, there exists a pathway to success and happiness within you that is yet untapped. With all of the outside pressures coming from our school/job, family, romantic and friend relationships it can be difficult to establish our own needs. Let me help you build a healthy relationship with yourself by unraveling those things that tie you down and re-creating a life of intention and connection.
(314) 866-8212 View (314) 866-8212
Photo of Melissa Anderson, LPC, Counselor
Melissa Anderson
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Life can be incredibly hard at times. We can't control or change what has happened to us, what we needed but didn't get, or how isolating and confusing things can be. Sometimes we don't understand why we feel the way we do, how people interact with us, our reactions, or what to do next. Maybe we don't feel much at all. We don't have to keep repeating the same patterns or relating to ourselves and others in the same ways, even though that might feel impossible right now. I know reflecting on our behaviors, thought patterns, and life experiences can be incredibly difficult, and I’m here to support you through that process.
Life can be incredibly hard at times. We can't control or change what has happened to us, what we needed but didn't get, or how isolating and confusing things can be. Sometimes we don't understand why we feel the way we do, how people interact with us, our reactions, or what to do next. Maybe we don't feel much at all. We don't have to keep repeating the same patterns or relating to ourselves and others in the same ways, even though that might feel impossible right now. I know reflecting on our behaviors, thought patterns, and life experiences can be incredibly difficult, and I’m here to support you through that process.
(314) 834-6724 View (314) 834-6724
Photo of Suzanne (Landis) Goldstein, MSW , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suzanne (Landis) Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LCSW
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
Welcome to my practice! Are you looking for a confidential & safe place to turn? Are you feeling ready to make some meaningful changes in your (or your child’s) life? I’ve been working as an LCSW since 1999, supporting and helping adolescents, young adults & adults effectively navigate emotional health and wellness challenges. I believe the key to beginning the healing process is in finding someone you can build a safe, honest and insightful therapeutic relationship with. We all need someone who genuinely listens and understands. Together we can determine next best steps.
Welcome to my practice! Are you looking for a confidential & safe place to turn? Are you feeling ready to make some meaningful changes in your (or your child’s) life? I’ve been working as an LCSW since 1999, supporting and helping adolescents, young adults & adults effectively navigate emotional health and wellness challenges. I believe the key to beginning the healing process is in finding someone you can build a safe, honest and insightful therapeutic relationship with. We all need someone who genuinely listens and understands. Together we can determine next best steps.
(314) 582-4726 View (314) 582-4726
Photo of Dr. Diane M Chandler-Riddlespriger, PhD, LPC, CCTP, CCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Diane M Chandler-Riddlespriger
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CCTP, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy helping people to empower themselves and find their own skills to return to their optimal mental health functioning. I enjoy working with teens, adolescents, couples and older adults. We can achieve your goals one step at a time!
I enjoy helping people to empower themselves and find their own skills to return to their optimal mental health functioning. I enjoy working with teens, adolescents, couples and older adults. We can achieve your goals one step at a time!
(314) 916-1803 View (314) 916-1803
Photo of Karen Banks, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Banks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105  (Online Only)
I work with clients experiencing emotional, cultural, sexual health, and relationship concerns. We spend time processing your situation and feelings and finding solutions that work for you. I recognize each client is an individual and treat them as such. Let's work together to help you walk in your truth. I've completed all 3 levels of Gottman Method Couples Therapy training, Treating Affairs & Trauma, Couples and Addiction Recovery, CBT for Insomnia, and am enrolled in Sex Therapy Certification through SHA. I also enjoy working with people in poly and ethically non-monogamous relationships and individuals in the kink community.
I work with clients experiencing emotional, cultural, sexual health, and relationship concerns. We spend time processing your situation and feelings and finding solutions that work for you. I recognize each client is an individual and treat them as such. Let's work together to help you walk in your truth. I've completed all 3 levels of Gottman Method Couples Therapy training, Treating Affairs & Trauma, Couples and Addiction Recovery, CBT for Insomnia, and am enrolled in Sex Therapy Certification through SHA. I also enjoy working with people in poly and ethically non-monogamous relationships and individuals in the kink community.
(314) 279-3455 View (314) 279-3455
Photo of Jordan Easter, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jordan Easter
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
I believe that everything we are is a result of the relationships we’ve experienced, and that while some may hurt us, they can also heal. In our sessions I will gently support and encourage as you begin to unravel the pains and triumphs that have brought you here to this moment. Choosing to face our fears, big emotions, and missteps can be overwhelming alone, but empowering in the right space. I hope to provide you with a welcoming environment where you can begin to look at some of the more difficult aspects of life and find your own source of empowerment to move forward in life.
I believe that everything we are is a result of the relationships we’ve experienced, and that while some may hurt us, they can also heal. In our sessions I will gently support and encourage as you begin to unravel the pains and triumphs that have brought you here to this moment. Choosing to face our fears, big emotions, and missteps can be overwhelming alone, but empowering in the right space. I hope to provide you with a welcoming environment where you can begin to look at some of the more difficult aspects of life and find your own source of empowerment to move forward in life.
(314) 207-0331 View (314) 207-0331
Photo of Beth Vaccaro, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beth Vaccaro
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I am an experienced therapist working from a psychodynamic perspective. That means I want to not only understand what issue or problem brings you to my office, but understand its origin and history. I also believe the greatest healing in therapy occurs in the connection and relationship between you and me.
I am an experienced therapist working from a psychodynamic perspective. That means I want to not only understand what issue or problem brings you to my office, but understand its origin and history. I also believe the greatest healing in therapy occurs in the connection and relationship between you and me.
(314) 936-4590 View (314) 936-4590
Photo of Kendall Wilhite, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kendall Wilhite
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Not accepting new clients
Life can be challenging and stressful, but it doesn’t have to be done alone. I approach sessions as a place to build safety, trust, and relationship. In working from a client-centered approach, I truly believe that you are the expert in your own life. I also believe that asking for help or support is a sign of strength and feel that working together collaboratively is one step in creating positive change in your life!
Life can be challenging and stressful, but it doesn’t have to be done alone. I approach sessions as a place to build safety, trust, and relationship. In working from a client-centered approach, I truly believe that you are the expert in your own life. I also believe that asking for help or support is a sign of strength and feel that working together collaboratively is one step in creating positive change in your life!
(314) 408-5477 View (314) 408-5477
Photo of Aya B Kawasaki, LCSW, MSW, LLM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aya B Kawasaki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, LLM
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I work with adolescents, adults, and seniors. In home, in school services are available. Clients are encouraged to have specific goals in order to have a personalized treatment plan. I also like to incorporate relaxation exercise.
I work with adolescents, adults, and seniors. In home, in school services are available. Clients are encouraged to have specific goals in order to have a personalized treatment plan. I also like to incorporate relaxation exercise.
(314) 932-2368 View (314) 932-2368
Photo of Lindsay C Nichols, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lindsay C Nichols
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63124
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Are you tired of suffering from emotional and/or physical pain? I can help you in a way that is truly unique and you can see results very quickly. Through my experience I have developed an innate ability to help clients step out of their comfort zone through examination of their external environment from different points of view. I understand that the cornerstone of change is assisting each client with breaking down the walls that surround them to find deeper meaning. My sessions focus on engagement and the therapeutic alliance which leads to effective change. I promise that you will begin noticing changes immediately.
Hello! Are you tired of suffering from emotional and/or physical pain? I can help you in a way that is truly unique and you can see results very quickly. Through my experience I have developed an innate ability to help clients step out of their comfort zone through examination of their external environment from different points of view. I understand that the cornerstone of change is assisting each client with breaking down the walls that surround them to find deeper meaning. My sessions focus on engagement and the therapeutic alliance which leads to effective change. I promise that you will begin noticing changes immediately.
(314) 697-2439 View (314) 697-2439
Photo of Tamara Blum, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tamara Blum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63117
Making the decision to seek therapy and then finding the right therapist can be difficult. You may be struggling with your feelings, behaviors, or relationships. I enjoy working with people on a wide variety of issues. Often this is with individuals and couples who are struggling emotionally, experiencing transitions, or wanting more satisfying relationships. My work tends to focus first on finding relief from problematic symptoms and then on improving relationships and personal growth and development, working towards a happier and more peaceful experience of living. My approach is nurturing and supportive, always respectful.
Making the decision to seek therapy and then finding the right therapist can be difficult. You may be struggling with your feelings, behaviors, or relationships. I enjoy working with people on a wide variety of issues. Often this is with individuals and couples who are struggling emotionally, experiencing transitions, or wanting more satisfying relationships. My work tends to focus first on finding relief from problematic symptoms and then on improving relationships and personal growth and development, working towards a happier and more peaceful experience of living. My approach is nurturing and supportive, always respectful.
(314) 480-5818 View (314) 480-5818
Photo of Tina Villalobos, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina Villalobos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63124
I work with teens, adults, and older adults who are facing challenges related to eating disorders and poor body image, and I often work with adults who have been referred by their weight management physicians when psychological issues are getting in the way of their overall health. In addition, I have over 10 years of experience working with teens and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, relationship issues, sexual concerns, gender identity, and trauma. I often receive referrals to work with adolescents for a variety of issues, as I have extensive experience working with teens and their families.
I work with teens, adults, and older adults who are facing challenges related to eating disorders and poor body image, and I often work with adults who have been referred by their weight management physicians when psychological issues are getting in the way of their overall health. In addition, I have over 10 years of experience working with teens and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, addictions, relationship issues, sexual concerns, gender identity, and trauma. I often receive referrals to work with adolescents for a variety of issues, as I have extensive experience working with teens and their families.
(314) 328-5097 View (314) 328-5097
Photo of Dr. Michelle Echols, DSW, LMSW, CADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Michelle Echols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LMSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
Are you struggling to function? Are you dealing with stress and/or anxiety? Is your home chaotic? Let me help you learn to deal and cope with stressors, heal relationships, and prioritize wellness in a safe space! I work with clients 6 and up, and specialize in couples therapy, family therapy, and substance use counseling. I look forward to walking alongside you on your journey to wellness.
Are you struggling to function? Are you dealing with stress and/or anxiety? Is your home chaotic? Let me help you learn to deal and cope with stressors, heal relationships, and prioritize wellness in a safe space! I work with clients 6 and up, and specialize in couples therapy, family therapy, and substance use counseling. I look forward to walking alongside you on your journey to wellness.
(314) 501-9853 View (314) 501-9853
Photo of Chesney Miller, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chesney Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clayton, MO 63105
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Missouri, Wisconsin, and Minnesota with over 10 years of extensive experience working with specific populations in sex therapy, couples’ therapy, and individual therapy. My clinical work includes marital preparation, effective communication and conflict resolution, discrepancies in sexual desire and intimacy, and problematic sexual issues. I am also certified in PREPARE/ENRICH working with couples. I utilize my training in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to help my clients address any degree of trauma or conflict they may be carrying.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Missouri, Wisconsin, and Minnesota with over 10 years of extensive experience working with specific populations in sex therapy, couples’ therapy, and individual therapy. My clinical work includes marital preparation, effective communication and conflict resolution, discrepancies in sexual desire and intimacy, and problematic sexual issues. I am also certified in PREPARE/ENRICH working with couples. I utilize my training in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to help my clients address any degree of trauma or conflict they may be carrying.
(314) 877-8404 View (314) 877-8404
Photo of Lukas M Presley, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lukas M Presley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
I have experience working with teenagers, college students, and adults in outpatient and residential settings. I have counseled adopted individuals and their families, those struggling with substance use, and those combating the symptoms of anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, and feelings of isolation. I also have a deep connection to counseling members of the LGBTQ+ community and addressing the unique lived experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals.
I have experience working with teenagers, college students, and adults in outpatient and residential settings. I have counseled adopted individuals and their families, those struggling with substance use, and those combating the symptoms of anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, and feelings of isolation. I also have a deep connection to counseling members of the LGBTQ+ community and addressing the unique lived experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals.
(314) 820-0839 View (314) 820-0839
Photo of Carolyn Versical - Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy, PsyD, Psychologist
Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
At Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy, we specialize in brief and long-term therapy for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. We believe everyone possess within themselves the potential for transformation, growth, and healing, and have experience helping clients address a variety of concerns: anxiety, depression, family of origin issues, identity development, LGBTQ+ issues, healthy relationships, career concerns, women's issues, eating and body image concerns, substance use, trauma, and living with chronic illness.
At Wellness Alliance Counseling & Psychotherapy, we specialize in brief and long-term therapy for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. We believe everyone possess within themselves the potential for transformation, growth, and healing, and have experience helping clients address a variety of concerns: anxiety, depression, family of origin issues, identity development, LGBTQ+ issues, healthy relationships, career concerns, women's issues, eating and body image concerns, substance use, trauma, and living with chronic illness.
(314) 310-8020 View (314) 310-8020
Photo of Russell Hyken, PhD, EdSp, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Russell Hyken
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, EdSp, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Clayton, MO 63105
By offering educational evaluations, ADHD assessments, and individual/family therapy, Russell Hyken provides comprehensive services to help individuals excel and families strengthen. Determining why someone is not reaching their full potential is the first step toward success. Is there a social/emotional issue that is making life difficult? Or is there some other concern impeding life happiness. Russell Hyken believes in creating a positive atmosphere to promote internal growth. Making permanent and positive changes in my client's life is the ultimate goal.
By offering educational evaluations, ADHD assessments, and individual/family therapy, Russell Hyken provides comprehensive services to help individuals excel and families strengthen. Determining why someone is not reaching their full potential is the first step toward success. Is there a social/emotional issue that is making life difficult? Or is there some other concern impeding life happiness. Russell Hyken believes in creating a positive atmosphere to promote internal growth. Making permanent and positive changes in my client's life is the ultimate goal.
(314) 881-8421 View (314) 881-8421
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Clayton, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Clayton, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Relationship Issues
85% Depression
73% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
64% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Clayton, MO see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Clayton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.