Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists in White Bear Lake, MN

Photo of Amanda Vaske, MA, LMFT, PMH-C, CCTP-II, DBT-C, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Vaske
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PMH-C, CCTP-II, DBT-C
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
With my toolbox filled with expertise in DBT, Trauma Therapy, Perinatal Mental Health, and ART Therapy, I've got just what you need.
Life's a rollercoaster, huh? Whether you're battling self-doubt, caught in the chaos, or doing the social media shuffle, I'm here to bring some good vibes to your journey. Let's chat about it all – the ups, the downs, and everything in between. Parenting got you spinning? Overwhelmed by the daily grind? Anxiety knocking? I've got your back. Meet your guide (yep, that's me!). I'm here to bring a bit of sunshine to your days, kick out the blues, and make life's wild ride a bit more enjoyable. Your struggles are real and tackling them together is the way to go. Shoot me a message, I'm here for the support and brighter days.
With my toolbox filled with expertise in DBT, Trauma Therapy, Perinatal Mental Health, and ART Therapy, I've got just what you need.
Life's a rollercoaster, huh? Whether you're battling self-doubt, caught in the chaos, or doing the social media shuffle, I'm here to bring some good vibes to your journey. Let's chat about it all – the ups, the downs, and everything in between. Parenting got you spinning? Overwhelmed by the daily grind? Anxiety knocking? I've got your back. Meet your guide (yep, that's me!). I'm here to bring a bit of sunshine to your days, kick out the blues, and make life's wild ride a bit more enjoyable. Your struggles are real and tackling them together is the way to go. Shoot me a message, I'm here for the support and brighter days.
(651) 309-8049 View (651) 309-8049
Photo of Andrea L. Walker, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrea L. Walker
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110  (Online Only)
She combines elements of Adlerian psychology, neurobiology, attachment theory, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to facilitate authentic growth and development of self.
Andrea began her career in the mental health field in 2012 and developed experience through supportive and financial roles for clinics specializing in trauma and eating disorders. She attended Adler Graduate School where she studied co-occurring disorders and completed her master’s degree in Adlerian Counseling and Psychotherapy. She is dually trained to provide counseling for both substance use and mental health disorders. She provides personalized care, equipping clients with the courage and skills to meet their goals.
She combines elements of Adlerian psychology, neurobiology, attachment theory, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to facilitate authentic growth and development of self.
Andrea began her career in the mental health field in 2012 and developed experience through supportive and financial roles for clinics specializing in trauma and eating disorders. She attended Adler Graduate School where she studied co-occurring disorders and completed her master’s degree in Adlerian Counseling and Psychotherapy. She is dually trained to provide counseling for both substance use and mental health disorders. She provides personalized care, equipping clients with the courage and skills to meet their goals.
(651) 493-8150 View (651) 493-8150
Photo of Mel Pascoe, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mel Pascoe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
I use an attachment lens and various modalities like somatic experiencing, DBT, EMDR and parts work to help adults or couples with issues of trauma, anxiety, or relationship conflicts.
I am passionate about working people to help them feel better about themselves, their relationships, and their life! We all struggle sometimes, and choosing therapy is a brave choice. I am always honored to be part of someone’s journey. Together we will work to address the root of any pain or anxiety you are feeling. We will explore where your issues come from, honor your past, while learning new ways to make peace with your present. I will help you learn new ways to cope with your emotions while working to address the deep stuff that is making life feel so hard sometimes.
I use an attachment lens and various modalities like somatic experiencing, DBT, EMDR and parts work to help adults or couples with issues of trauma, anxiety, or relationship conflicts.
I am passionate about working people to help them feel better about themselves, their relationships, and their life! We all struggle sometimes, and choosing therapy is a brave choice. I am always honored to be part of someone’s journey. Together we will work to address the root of any pain or anxiety you are feeling. We will explore where your issues come from, honor your past, while learning new ways to make peace with your present. I will help you learn new ways to cope with your emotions while working to address the deep stuff that is making life feel so hard sometimes.
(651) 318-4825 View (651) 318-4825
Photo of Terri M Ulschmid, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Terri M Ulschmid
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55127
Waitlist for new clients
My specialties include: anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar, personality disorders, spirituality, addiction and recovery, dialectical behavioral therapy, LGBTQIA issues, stress management, women’s issues, grief, and transitions.
Do you feel like you are in a pattern that appears to be repeating? Are you continuing to tell stories, and some can be painful to hold I work with people who experience stress and anxiety, grief and depression. We will do this by naming patterns and I will teach you how to regulate your emotions, learn how to communicate with others by standing up for yourself, and tolerate your emotions through difficult life events and stressful situations without making them worse.
My specialties include: anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar, personality disorders, spirituality, addiction and recovery, dialectical behavioral therapy, LGBTQIA issues, stress management, women’s issues, grief, and transitions.
Do you feel like you are in a pattern that appears to be repeating? Are you continuing to tell stories, and some can be painful to hold I work with people who experience stress and anxiety, grief and depression. We will do this by naming patterns and I will teach you how to regulate your emotions, learn how to communicate with others by standing up for yourself, and tolerate your emotions through difficult life events and stressful situations without making them worse.
(651) 538-1303 View (651) 538-1303
Photo of Katie Engh, MA, LPCC, DBTC, Counselor
Katie Engh
Counselor, MA, LPCC, DBTC
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
I integrate a variety of therapy approaches and techniques based on each client’s needs including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Solution-Focused Therapy.
Starting out with a new therapist or beginning therapy for the first time can feel scary, maybe even downright terrifying. I offer a laid-back place to show up as you are without judgement, talk about the hard stuff that we inevitably experience through life, and maybe have a laugh or two in the process. I approach therapy as a collaboration. We are a team. You set the destination you want to get to, and I’m here to help you navigate.
I integrate a variety of therapy approaches and techniques based on each client’s needs including Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Solution-Focused Therapy.
Starting out with a new therapist or beginning therapy for the first time can feel scary, maybe even downright terrifying. I offer a laid-back place to show up as you are without judgement, talk about the hard stuff that we inevitably experience through life, and maybe have a laugh or two in the process. I approach therapy as a collaboration. We are a team. You set the destination you want to get to, and I’m here to help you navigate.
(651) 390-1908 View (651) 390-1908
Photo of Deanna L Towns, PhD, LPCS-NC, LPCC-MN, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deanna L Towns
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCS-NC, LPCC-MN, NCC
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55127
Not accepting new clients
I use an eclectic approach, including family systems, EMDR, emotionally-focused couples therapy, CBT, DBT, and psycho-dynamic techniques.
As a therapist, it is my goal to compassionately connect with clients and hear their stories. I will help clients identify personal strengths, define desired changes, and create an individualized plan to move toward health and wholeness. My clientele include families, couples, adults, adolescents, and children. I address trauma, sexual and emotional abuse, eating disorders, self-harm, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, communication issues, forgiveness, shame, cross-cultural stress & adjustment, ministry stress, and premarital counseling (using Prepare/Enrich).
I use an eclectic approach, including family systems, EMDR, emotionally-focused couples therapy, CBT, DBT, and psycho-dynamic techniques.
As a therapist, it is my goal to compassionately connect with clients and hear their stories. I will help clients identify personal strengths, define desired changes, and create an individualized plan to move toward health and wholeness. My clientele include families, couples, adults, adolescents, and children. I address trauma, sexual and emotional abuse, eating disorders, self-harm, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, communication issues, forgiveness, shame, cross-cultural stress & adjustment, ministry stress, and premarital counseling (using Prepare/Enrich).
(919) 648-1218 View (919) 648-1218
Photo of Charlie Bulman, MPS, LPCC, LADC, Counselor
Charlie Bulman
Counselor, MPS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor. He has a long history of working to improve people’s mental wellness and promote recovery and participation in community. Charlie is experienced in working with trauma, depressive disorders, loneliness, anxiety disorders and behavioral issues. Charlie’s training is in integrated behavioral health with an emphasis on addiction and changing repetitive behaviors
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselor. He has a long history of working to improve people’s mental wellness and promote recovery and participation in community. Charlie is experienced in working with trauma, depressive disorders, loneliness, anxiety disorders and behavioral issues. Charlie’s training is in integrated behavioral health with an emphasis on addiction and changing repetitive behaviors
(651) 383-1378 View (651) 383-1378
Photo of Rebecca Blaede, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Blaede
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Waitlist for new clients
I work with teens, adults, couples and families who struggle with a variety of conflicts. I strive to help others feel a sense of healing and understanding after challenging, stressful or traumatic situations.
I work with teens, adults, couples and families who struggle with a variety of conflicts. I strive to help others feel a sense of healing and understanding after challenging, stressful or traumatic situations.
(612) 425-1846 View (612) 425-1846
Photo of Mollie Kohler, LICSW, MPH, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mollie Kohler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH, PMH-C
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Mollie has worked with families and adults experiencing significant social, medical, and relational stressors over the course of her career. She has advanced training and education in therapeutic support of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and birth trauma and has a history of working with individuals experiencing challenges in the reproductive period, including infertility, medically complex pregnancies, pregnancy loss, preterm births, and NICU admissions. She is a licensed independent clinical social worker, with certification in perinatal mental health.
Mollie has worked with families and adults experiencing significant social, medical, and relational stressors over the course of her career. She has advanced training and education in therapeutic support of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and birth trauma and has a history of working with individuals experiencing challenges in the reproductive period, including infertility, medically complex pregnancies, pregnancy loss, preterm births, and NICU admissions. She is a licensed independent clinical social worker, with certification in perinatal mental health.
(651) 372-3857 View (651) 372-3857
Photo of Norah Knabe, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Norah Knabe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a licensed psychotherapist & have been in practice since 2011. Presently, I provide telehealth services to individuals (age 10+) through my private practice: Rosewood Family Therapy, Inc. Expertise in working with those struggling with emotional regulation, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, relationships, family dynamics, divorce & stress management. (Currently accepting new individual clients with daytime availability - not taking on couples/families at this time). In addition to working with clients, I am also a board approved supervisor with the MN LMFT board. Now taking new supervisees.
Hello! I am a licensed psychotherapist & have been in practice since 2011. Presently, I provide telehealth services to individuals (age 10+) through my private practice: Rosewood Family Therapy, Inc. Expertise in working with those struggling with emotional regulation, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, relationships, family dynamics, divorce & stress management. (Currently accepting new individual clients with daytime availability - not taking on couples/families at this time). In addition to working with clients, I am also a board approved supervisor with the MN LMFT board. Now taking new supervisees.
(651) 401-7010 View (651) 401-7010
Photo of Shannon Himango, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shannon Himango
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Taking the step to reach out for therapy, on our own or with a partner/family member, is a brave move. Relationships and life in general can offer great sources of joy as well as frustrations, and when talking with our family and friends, we may edit or limit what we say for fear of judgment, or burdening them. Reflecting and expressing ourselves freely with a neutral, non-judgmental helping professional is an excellent way to increase self awareness and insight about the challenges we encounter, even if we aren’t quite certain what to say.
Taking the step to reach out for therapy, on our own or with a partner/family member, is a brave move. Relationships and life in general can offer great sources of joy as well as frustrations, and when talking with our family and friends, we may edit or limit what we say for fear of judgment, or burdening them. Reflecting and expressing ourselves freely with a neutral, non-judgmental helping professional is an excellent way to increase self awareness and insight about the challenges we encounter, even if we aren’t quite certain what to say.
(651) 571-9588 View (651) 571-9588
Photo of Wilson Kuhn, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Wilson Kuhn
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55127
You're feeling tired, anxious, or hopeless. Life has become more than you can handle alone, I'm here for you. My approach to counseling is centered around the relationship between the therapist and the client. You are the expert on your life, and I'm happy to join with you as you navigate it. I bring empathy, honesty, and acceptance to my practice and believe every individual is capable of joy, peace, and change. I am a down-to-earth provider and address a wide range of concerns, including Anxiety, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder, family dynamics, academic challenges, stress, self-esteem, communication, and relationships.
You're feeling tired, anxious, or hopeless. Life has become more than you can handle alone, I'm here for you. My approach to counseling is centered around the relationship between the therapist and the client. You are the expert on your life, and I'm happy to join with you as you navigate it. I bring empathy, honesty, and acceptance to my practice and believe every individual is capable of joy, peace, and change. I am a down-to-earth provider and address a wide range of concerns, including Anxiety, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder, family dynamics, academic challenges, stress, self-esteem, communication, and relationships.
(651) 409-5618 View (651) 409-5618
Photo of Allie B Thimell, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allie B Thimell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55127
Not accepting new clients
Being a human can be incredibly difficult and overwhelming at times. Having someone you feel safe to process life’s stressors with, and an open space to learn new ways to cope with stress, can help make life more manageable and enjoyable. I have a client-centered, strength-based approach to therapy, and I believe that every person deserves to be seen and understood. I look forward to supporting you in your journey of healing and growth - however that looks for you!
Being a human can be incredibly difficult and overwhelming at times. Having someone you feel safe to process life’s stressors with, and an open space to learn new ways to cope with stress, can help make life more manageable and enjoyable. I have a client-centered, strength-based approach to therapy, and I believe that every person deserves to be seen and understood. I look forward to supporting you in your journey of healing and growth - however that looks for you!
(651) 867-4324 View (651) 867-4324
Photo of Megan Quadri, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Megan Quadri
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
“People will forget what you said or what you did, but not how you made them feel.” This is a quote I try to live by both as a therapist and in my personal life. Life isn’t always about being the smartest, or the funniest, or the most successful. Being kind towards others often resonates louder and lasts longer. As a therapist, I strive to make sure my clients feel heard and understood. Life often takes unexpected twists and turns, and we can all use an extra ear to listen and help us get back on track. I take a genuine and down to earth approach and I’m ready to join you wherever you are in life.
“People will forget what you said or what you did, but not how you made them feel.” This is a quote I try to live by both as a therapist and in my personal life. Life isn’t always about being the smartest, or the funniest, or the most successful. Being kind towards others often resonates louder and lasts longer. As a therapist, I strive to make sure my clients feel heard and understood. Life often takes unexpected twists and turns, and we can all use an extra ear to listen and help us get back on track. I take a genuine and down to earth approach and I’m ready to join you wherever you are in life.
(651) 615-5186 View (651) 615-5186
Photo of Jina Wilson, MS, LMFT, RPT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jina Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Finding a therapist that you feel comfortable with, and connected to is key to a positive and successful therapy experience. Finding one that specializes in your areas of concern is equally important. For the past 20 years, I have focused on helping children, adolescents, and their parents heal and grow through therapy.
Finding a therapist that you feel comfortable with, and connected to is key to a positive and successful therapy experience. Finding one that specializes in your areas of concern is equally important. For the past 20 years, I have focused on helping children, adolescents, and their parents heal and grow through therapy.
(651) 432-0785 View (651) 432-0785
Photo of Lauren Robbins - Wild Tree Psychotherapy, Counselor
Wild Tree Psychotherapy
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
There are things the world throws at us that can feel overwhelming and we know cookie-cutter approaches to health and wellness don't always work. And, sometimes you need extra help, and support, to learn the skills to better cope with stress you encounter in life. Our collaborative team of professionally trained, compassionate therapists are dedicated to building a trusting relationship with you on your journey to long-term wellness. Each therapist is passionate about finding a therapeutic approach that provides holistic wellness and promotes health in a warm, welcoming environment.
There are things the world throws at us that can feel overwhelming and we know cookie-cutter approaches to health and wellness don't always work. And, sometimes you need extra help, and support, to learn the skills to better cope with stress you encounter in life. Our collaborative team of professionally trained, compassionate therapists are dedicated to building a trusting relationship with you on your journey to long-term wellness. Each therapist is passionate about finding a therapeutic approach that provides holistic wellness and promotes health in a warm, welcoming environment.
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Photo of Dan Hinderaker, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dan Hinderaker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Hello! As a psychotherapist, I will strive to connect with you, support you, and help you identify and achieve your goals. Therapy can be as simple as learning new tools, or it can be a more complex and deeper process. For example, anxiety and depression can be indicators of deeper wounds or that a person has gone off course in some way. In either case, working with me is a dance between treating problems and building on strengths. Whatever the nature of your therapy, I believe everyone has the power to heal, grow, and reach their full potential emotionally, intellectually and physically.
Hello! As a psychotherapist, I will strive to connect with you, support you, and help you identify and achieve your goals. Therapy can be as simple as learning new tools, or it can be a more complex and deeper process. For example, anxiety and depression can be indicators of deeper wounds or that a person has gone off course in some way. In either case, working with me is a dance between treating problems and building on strengths. Whatever the nature of your therapy, I believe everyone has the power to heal, grow, and reach their full potential emotionally, intellectually and physically.
(651) 571-4841 View (651) 571-4841
Photo of Ryan K Rowlson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan K Rowlson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110  (Online Only)
I work with my clients to create the necessary tools to manage major life transitions, fears, trauma, difficult relationships with family, friends, and/or job stress. I help my clients heal from distressing events and circumstances like parent-child relationship issues, recent or long term medical diagnosis, terminal medical diagnoses as well as children and adults who have experienced trauma. Whether it is a child with behavioral issues, a family member(s) dealing with a mental health issue, a couple wanting pre-marital counseling, or a family trying to manage a major medical issue I would like to help.
I work with my clients to create the necessary tools to manage major life transitions, fears, trauma, difficult relationships with family, friends, and/or job stress. I help my clients heal from distressing events and circumstances like parent-child relationship issues, recent or long term medical diagnosis, terminal medical diagnoses as well as children and adults who have experienced trauma. Whether it is a child with behavioral issues, a family member(s) dealing with a mental health issue, a couple wanting pre-marital counseling, or a family trying to manage a major medical issue I would like to help.
(651) 401-8858 View (651) 401-8858
Photo of Jari Welle, MA, LMFT, RYT500, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jari Welle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RYT500
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
White Bear Lake, MN 55127
Do you feel sad or anxious daily? Is this getting in the way of you living the life you really want to live? My approach in working with clients involves empowering, emotionally focused work, which includes building a connection for better growth during your therapy journey. I believe in supporting each client along the path of their own healing journey toward positive transformation, and in doing so, helping clients live a more happy and balanced life. I enjoy seeing clients with relationship issues, depression and anxiety.
Do you feel sad or anxious daily? Is this getting in the way of you living the life you really want to live? My approach in working with clients involves empowering, emotionally focused work, which includes building a connection for better growth during your therapy journey. I believe in supporting each client along the path of their own healing journey toward positive transformation, and in doing so, helping clients live a more happy and balanced life. I enjoy seeing clients with relationship issues, depression and anxiety.
(651) 433-6295 View (651) 433-6295
Photo of Faten Hope Khoury - Twin Cities Mental Health&Couples Faten Khoury , Post, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Twin Cities Mental Health&Couples Faten Khoury
Marriage & Family Therapist, Post, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
For support in managing difficulties in your personal & professional lives caused by unresolved traumas or conflict, therapy can help. I work with individuals, couples, & families to help collaboratively tackle the challenges they are facing, through creating a new insight & forming an action, solution plan. Additionally, I practice EMDR therapy, AEDP, Brainspotting and Neurofeedback and find it powerful in healing a range of psychological concerns including depression, anxiety, shame and trauma and areas where clients experience "being stuck". My practice is based on years of well-established evidence-based effective treatments.
For support in managing difficulties in your personal & professional lives caused by unresolved traumas or conflict, therapy can help. I work with individuals, couples, & families to help collaboratively tackle the challenges they are facing, through creating a new insight & forming an action, solution plan. Additionally, I practice EMDR therapy, AEDP, Brainspotting and Neurofeedback and find it powerful in healing a range of psychological concerns including depression, anxiety, shame and trauma and areas where clients experience "being stuck". My practice is based on years of well-established evidence-based effective treatments.
(651) 760-5407 View (651) 760-5407

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Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.