Therapists in Saint Joseph, MN

Photo of Pamela L. Rieland, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pamela L. Rieland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MN 56374
Are life circumstances or relationships causing you and/or your family distress? Are you looking for someone to help you navigate through the struggle and find healing again? I can help restore your hope and find healing in your life and relationships. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I observe distress and problematic functioning within the context of the larger family system and the relationships between people, not just individuals in isolation. It would be my honor to walk through this process of healing with you.
Are life circumstances or relationships causing you and/or your family distress? Are you looking for someone to help you navigate through the struggle and find healing again? I can help restore your hope and find healing in your life and relationships. As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I observe distress and problematic functioning within the context of the larger family system and the relationships between people, not just individuals in isolation. It would be my honor to walk through this process of healing with you.
(320) 408-8016 View (320) 408-8016
Photo of Jess Bakken, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jess Bakken
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MN 56374
I know going to see a counselor for help can be an intimidating experience. I also know life is full of transitions, some of them are by our choice, others are imposed on us. Once we are able to get everything out on the table so that I understand your situation, we will work together to target goals and begin the process of reaching those goals. With over 25 years of mental health experience, I have worked closely with individuals, couples, families and teens on a variety of issue. I have had the privilege of hearing peoples stories and helping them gain insight and tools along their journey.
I know going to see a counselor for help can be an intimidating experience. I also know life is full of transitions, some of them are by our choice, others are imposed on us. Once we are able to get everything out on the table so that I understand your situation, we will work together to target goals and begin the process of reaching those goals. With over 25 years of mental health experience, I have worked closely with individuals, couples, families and teens on a variety of issue. I have had the privilege of hearing peoples stories and helping them gain insight and tools along their journey.
(320) 238-8769 View (320) 238-8769

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jean Eich, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Jean Eich
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56301
I have a specialty in perinatal mental health and help people cope with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum, assist in adjusting to parenthood and help with pregnancy and infant loss.
I am an experienced psychologist and provide quality mental health help. I have a lot of experience treating a wide variety of mental health concerns- from longstanding patterns of depression and anxiety to difficulty coping with a life change. I believe growth and change begin when you feel safe and know you have a therapist you can trust. I listen actively and will not judge you. I can help you learn more about yourself and find a path forward. My clients tell me that in our work together, they feel unconditionally accepted while also feeling challenged to grow. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and enjoying working with all people.
I have a specialty in perinatal mental health and help people cope with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum, assist in adjusting to parenthood and help with pregnancy and infant loss.
I am an experienced psychologist and provide quality mental health help. I have a lot of experience treating a wide variety of mental health concerns- from longstanding patterns of depression and anxiety to difficulty coping with a life change. I believe growth and change begin when you feel safe and know you have a therapist you can trust. I listen actively and will not judge you. I can help you learn more about yourself and find a path forward. My clients tell me that in our work together, they feel unconditionally accepted while also feeling challenged to grow. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and enjoying working with all people.
(952) 260-4255 View (952) 260-4255
Photo of Ben Mushel - Ben Mushel: Adults, Trauma, LGBTQ+, MS, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ben Mushel: Adults, Trauma, LGBTQ+
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LGSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Cloud, MN 56301  (Online Only)
I am a gay male therapist who enjoys encouraging adult individuals who are open to new ideas and are ready to make mental health a priority in their lives. I am proud support those struggling with trauma reactions, anxiety and depression, or are just feeling stuck and unfulfilled. I have a special interest in treating trauma with EMDR. I frequently use CBT to develop awareness of how thoughts, behaviors, and emotions relate to each other, and DBT for developing skills and mindfulness. I work with empathy and intentionality. My aim is to help you access the best version of yourself so you can move confidently toward your goals.
I am a gay male therapist who enjoys encouraging adult individuals who are open to new ideas and are ready to make mental health a priority in their lives. I am proud support those struggling with trauma reactions, anxiety and depression, or are just feeling stuck and unfulfilled. I have a special interest in treating trauma with EMDR. I frequently use CBT to develop awareness of how thoughts, behaviors, and emotions relate to each other, and DBT for developing skills and mindfulness. I work with empathy and intentionality. My aim is to help you access the best version of yourself so you can move confidently toward your goals.
(651) 538-2830 View (651) 538-2830
Photo of Heather M Conway-Haehn - Heather's Counseling Service, LLC, MS, LPCC, Counselor
Heather's Counseling Service, LLC
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56303
I enjoy building a working relationship with my client and help them apply skills to increase their confidence, self esteem to reduce their anxiety and depression.
Hello, my name is Heather and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I have been providing counseling services for the past 11 years. I have helped many client rebuild their self-esteem, confidence and relationships.
I enjoy building a working relationship with my client and help them apply skills to increase their confidence, self esteem to reduce their anxiety and depression.
Hello, my name is Heather and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I have been providing counseling services for the past 11 years. I have helped many client rebuild their self-esteem, confidence and relationships.
(320) 852-5696 View (320) 852-5696
Photo of Lisa M Fry, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa M Fry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Cloud, MN 56301  (Online Only)
I am pleased you are viewing my page. I have over 28 years of clinical experience working with children, teens and adults with numerous mental health conditions and life circumstances. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD and many other life situations requiring adjustments. I work with you on restoring mental well-being for life balance, stress reduction, positive relationships and behavior change promoting this lifestyle. I see you as unique and deserve personalized treatment. Our relationship is the most important part of the therapy experience so it is essential to feel a trusting connection.
I am pleased you are viewing my page. I have over 28 years of clinical experience working with children, teens and adults with numerous mental health conditions and life circumstances. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD and many other life situations requiring adjustments. I work with you on restoring mental well-being for life balance, stress reduction, positive relationships and behavior change promoting this lifestyle. I see you as unique and deserve personalized treatment. Our relationship is the most important part of the therapy experience so it is essential to feel a trusting connection.
(701) 670-1711 View (701) 670-1711
Photo of Jessica L Rice, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Jessica L Rice
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56303
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with indiviuals experiencing life transitions, depression, anxiety, grief and loss and attachment related concerns. Through deep exploration, individuals gain insight into their internal world, learn to accept and feel compassion for all of themselves and create a sense of balance and peace within.
I enjoy working with indiviuals experiencing life transitions, depression, anxiety, grief and loss and attachment related concerns. Through deep exploration, individuals gain insight into their internal world, learn to accept and feel compassion for all of themselves and create a sense of balance and peace within.
(651) 419-5370 View (651) 419-5370
Photo of Nate Joseph Van Heuveln, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nate Joseph Van Heuveln
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Cloud, MN 56304
My collaborative approach will help you disarm symptoms of PTSD, OCD, social anxiety, and depression.
My goal as a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) counselor is to support you in breaking free from negative thoughts, managing emotions, and rediscovering your enthusiasm for life. I'm eager to understand your goals and provide tailored counseling to promote emotional well-being. With master's degrees in mental health counseling and industrial/organizational psychology, I offer virtual and in-person psychotherapy to help you overcome challenges like depression, anxiety, adjustment, trauma, PTSD, anger, stress, job dissatisfaction, relationship issues, or lack of purpose.
My collaborative approach will help you disarm symptoms of PTSD, OCD, social anxiety, and depression.
My goal as a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) counselor is to support you in breaking free from negative thoughts, managing emotions, and rediscovering your enthusiasm for life. I'm eager to understand your goals and provide tailored counseling to promote emotional well-being. With master's degrees in mental health counseling and industrial/organizational psychology, I offer virtual and in-person psychotherapy to help you overcome challenges like depression, anxiety, adjustment, trauma, PTSD, anger, stress, job dissatisfaction, relationship issues, or lack of purpose.
(320) 385-7317 View (320) 385-7317
Photo of Kelsey Landis, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelsey Landis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sartell, MN 56377
There are times when life doesn't go the way you planned or imagined. Depression, anxiety, divorce, difficulties within families and relationships, abuse and mental illness can all require additional supports. Your story is important and I am sorry that life is difficult for you right now. I would love to meet you and help you learn new coping skills, express your emotions and rediscover your happiness.
There are times when life doesn't go the way you planned or imagined. Depression, anxiety, divorce, difficulties within families and relationships, abuse and mental illness can all require additional supports. Your story is important and I am sorry that life is difficult for you right now. I would love to meet you and help you learn new coping skills, express your emotions and rediscover your happiness.
(320) 968-3186 x1 View (320) 968-3186 x1
Photo of Lynette M Sickler, MS, LADC, LPCC, CFRC, Counselor
Lynette M Sickler
Counselor, MS, LADC, LPCC, CFRC
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56301
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor, I have over 30 years of experience working in the counseling field. I work with adults with a variety of issues including substance abuse and addiction anxiety, depression, panic attacks, PTSD/trauma, and relationships issues. I am a Certified First Responder Counselor, I have experience and am enthusiastic about working with both the military and the first responder community. Active member of the Star Behavioral Health Providers registry. (Veterans and active military)
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor, I have over 30 years of experience working in the counseling field. I work with adults with a variety of issues including substance abuse and addiction anxiety, depression, panic attacks, PTSD/trauma, and relationships issues. I am a Certified First Responder Counselor, I have experience and am enthusiastic about working with both the military and the first responder community. Active member of the Star Behavioral Health Providers registry. (Veterans and active military)
(320) 348-7693 View (320) 348-7693
Photo of Echo Anne Althoff, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Echo Anne Althoff
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Verified Verified
Rockville, MN 56369  (Online Only)
Hello there! Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, or just a bit stuck? You're not alone, and you don't have to navigate these challenges by yourself. I'm a dedicated telehealth therapist specializing in a client-centered, solution-focused approach to psychology. Whether you're an individual, adolescent, part of a family, or a couple, I'm here to help you overcome those immediate hurdles standing in the way of your happiness and fulfillment. In our sessions, we'll work together to tackle issues like anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and the general dissatisfaction that life sometimes throws our way.
Hello there! Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, or just a bit stuck? You're not alone, and you don't have to navigate these challenges by yourself. I'm a dedicated telehealth therapist specializing in a client-centered, solution-focused approach to psychology. Whether you're an individual, adolescent, part of a family, or a couple, I'm here to help you overcome those immediate hurdles standing in the way of your happiness and fulfillment. In our sessions, we'll work together to tackle issues like anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and the general dissatisfaction that life sometimes throws our way.
(320) 314-3337 View (320) 314-3337
Photo of Britta Crooks, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Britta Crooks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sartell, MN 56377
I treat multiple diagnosis such as anxiety, depression, trauma, family and phase of life issues.
Hi there, My name is Britta Crooks. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of Minnesota. I serve couples, families and individuals ages 10+. I have a passion for guiding others on their path to health, healing and wholeness. I do therapy from systemic, structural, and experiential lenses. I employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
I treat multiple diagnosis such as anxiety, depression, trauma, family and phase of life issues.
Hi there, My name is Britta Crooks. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of Minnesota. I serve couples, families and individuals ages 10+. I have a passion for guiding others on their path to health, healing and wholeness. I do therapy from systemic, structural, and experiential lenses. I employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(320) 335-7801 View (320) 335-7801
Photo of Sarah Segler, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Segler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56301  (Online Only)
By providing therapeutic interventions and cognitive reframing, I can assist you in overcoming trauma, anxieties, depression, and/or grief.
With my own personal experiences, and as a sexual violence survivor myself, I am deeply honored to walk alongside clients as they process their traumas, anxiety, depression, and grief. I believe that transparency and trust are imperative in any professional relationship, and I am looking to use those skills in the client base I am hoping to grow. I am interested to work with clients age 14 and older as I begin this professional journey.
By providing therapeutic interventions and cognitive reframing, I can assist you in overcoming trauma, anxieties, depression, and/or grief.
With my own personal experiences, and as a sexual violence survivor myself, I am deeply honored to walk alongside clients as they process their traumas, anxiety, depression, and grief. I believe that transparency and trust are imperative in any professional relationship, and I am looking to use those skills in the client base I am hoping to grow. I am interested to work with clients age 14 and older as I begin this professional journey.
(320) 738-2409 View (320) 738-2409
Photo of Jose Rafael Harrington Dooley, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jose Rafael Harrington Dooley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56303  (Online Only)
Depression, self-esteem, communication issues, anxiety and life transitions.
Are you feeling stuck, sad, anxious or simply feeling that you are not good enough? Do you find that you constantly compare yourself to others? Do you have a hard time communicating with those you love? There is hope! If you are ready for change, I will accompany you and focus on your inner strengths in order to meet your desired goals.
Depression, self-esteem, communication issues, anxiety and life transitions.
Are you feeling stuck, sad, anxious or simply feeling that you are not good enough? Do you find that you constantly compare yourself to others? Do you have a hard time communicating with those you love? There is hope! If you are ready for change, I will accompany you and focus on your inner strengths in order to meet your desired goals.
(651) 661-4473 View (651) 661-4473
Photo of Angela Brodine, MS, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Brodine
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Cloud, MN 56301
My specialties include Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Management.
I'm here to offer fresh perspective, clarity, & hope. Most of our energy is spent balancing expectations and disappointments and reacting to the wants/needs of others. We all come to counseling with a unique experience, but most of us rarely take the time and energy to figure out our own needs, mentally & emotionally. Counseling is a powerful tool to help you 'level up' and a way to create space for peace and calm in our busy lives. It gives you an impartial person to talk to without judgement. I want to help you reach your goals, and to bring insight and healing where you feel overwhelmed, or have had trauma, chaos, or confusion.
My specialties include Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Management.
I'm here to offer fresh perspective, clarity, & hope. Most of our energy is spent balancing expectations and disappointments and reacting to the wants/needs of others. We all come to counseling with a unique experience, but most of us rarely take the time and energy to figure out our own needs, mentally & emotionally. Counseling is a powerful tool to help you 'level up' and a way to create space for peace and calm in our busy lives. It gives you an impartial person to talk to without judgement. I want to help you reach your goals, and to bring insight and healing where you feel overwhelmed, or have had trauma, chaos, or confusion.
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Photo of Brandy Brown, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brandy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Cloud, MN 56303  (Online Only)
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
(320) 347-3435 View (320) 347-3435
Photo of Michael Jacob, MS, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Jacob
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Cloud, MN 56303
Want to be more authentic? As a gay man, I understand how difficult it can be to understand and feel confident in your identity. I bring that lived experience and empathy to my therapeutic work. Gender identity, sex and sexuality, relationships, body image and self-esteem, along with depression and anxiety that tangle with them, are things that I can help you work through. My goal is to help you be more kind to yourself, and to help you find your authentic self so you can live the life you want.
Want to be more authentic? As a gay man, I understand how difficult it can be to understand and feel confident in your identity. I bring that lived experience and empathy to my therapeutic work. Gender identity, sex and sexuality, relationships, body image and self-esteem, along with depression and anxiety that tangle with them, are things that I can help you work through. My goal is to help you be more kind to yourself, and to help you find your authentic self so you can live the life you want.
(320) 207-4955 View (320) 207-4955
Photo of Nicole Otis, MA, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole Otis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
Saint Cloud, MN 56303
Are you struggling with sexual compulsivity, unwanted sexual behaviors or betrayal trauma? If you or your partner are struggling with these specific issues, let me guide you and your relationship towards healing and freedom. 
I am a trained (CSAT) Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and certified Brainspotting therapist. I am passionate about helping individuals and couples affected by sex and porn compulsivity, and betrayal trauma, including sexting, prostitution, emotional affairs, and physical affairs, as well as anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and life transitions.
Are you struggling with sexual compulsivity, unwanted sexual behaviors or betrayal trauma? If you or your partner are struggling with these specific issues, let me guide you and your relationship towards healing and freedom. 
I am a trained (CSAT) Certified Sex Addiction Therapist and certified Brainspotting therapist. I am passionate about helping individuals and couples affected by sex and porn compulsivity, and betrayal trauma, including sexting, prostitution, emotional affairs, and physical affairs, as well as anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and life transitions.
(775) 600-4205 View (775) 600-4205
Photo of Erica Trokey, MS, CIMHP
Erica Trokey
MS, CIMHP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sartell, MN 56377  (Online Only)
As a therapist and trauma-informed provider, I enjoy joining forces with those in MN/WI who are motivated for change and identifying the root causes that may be contributing to what someone is experiencing, so enhanced healing can occur. I have had the opportunity to work with a variety of mental health concerns over the span of my career, including but not limited to, anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, peri/maternal mental health, relationship concerns, life changes/transitions and those with medical condition concerns. I have special interests in working with women’s health, integrative health, and the college student population.
As a therapist and trauma-informed provider, I enjoy joining forces with those in MN/WI who are motivated for change and identifying the root causes that may be contributing to what someone is experiencing, so enhanced healing can occur. I have had the opportunity to work with a variety of mental health concerns over the span of my career, including but not limited to, anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, peri/maternal mental health, relationship concerns, life changes/transitions and those with medical condition concerns. I have special interests in working with women’s health, integrative health, and the college student population.
(320) 278-7950 View (320) 278-7950
Photo of Brandon Jensen, MS, LMFT, PACC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brandon Jensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, PACC
Verified Verified
Sartell, MN 56377
I have experience working with issues such as: Pre-Marital counseling, Couples Counseling, parenting skills training, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Depression, Anxiety, Anger Management, ADHD, PTSD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Pre and Post Adoption, Mood Disorder(s), and Grief and Loss.
I am committed to the restoration and improvement of familial relationships, and committed to generational change in families. I feel very strongly about working with individuals and families whatever their current situation may be, and working with them to establish positive changes that will positively affect generations to come in their families.
I have experience working with issues such as: Pre-Marital counseling, Couples Counseling, parenting skills training, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Depression, Anxiety, Anger Management, ADHD, PTSD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Pre and Post Adoption, Mood Disorder(s), and Grief and Loss.
I am committed to the restoration and improvement of familial relationships, and committed to generational change in families. I feel very strongly about working with individuals and families whatever their current situation may be, and working with them to establish positive changes that will positively affect generations to come in their families.
(320) 318-6108 View (320) 318-6108

See more therapy options for Saint Joseph

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.