Depression Therapists in Rockford, MN

Photo of VI Doan, LADC, Pre-Licensed Professional
VI Doan
Pre-Licensed Professional, LADC
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
Life is too short to stay in bad relationships, let the past dictate your present or future, or spend hours a day in anxiety, depression, or general despair.
My name is Vi and I am so excited to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff – you have come to the right place, and I’ve got you. I have 6 years of experience working with folks who have been addressing their mental health – everything from mild depression and anxiety to things like PTSD and more. If you want someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand, and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you.
Life is too short to stay in bad relationships, let the past dictate your present or future, or spend hours a day in anxiety, depression, or general despair.
My name is Vi and I am so excited to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff – you have come to the right place, and I’ve got you. I have 6 years of experience working with folks who have been addressing their mental health – everything from mild depression and anxiety to things like PTSD and more. If you want someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand, and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you.
(612) 930-3008 View (612) 930-3008
Photo of Deanne Shaw, MA LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Deanne Shaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rockford, MN 55373  (Online Only)
We live in a multi stress world and sometimes we need extra support. I provide couples, individual, and family therapy for adolescents and adults. I am a compassionate therapist who values the therapeutic connection. I am passionate about working with adolescence who have emotional/behavioral difficulties. I have years of experience assisting individuals, couples and families working through their life challenges. My experience includes (but is not limited to) mood disorders, trauma recovery, survivors of abuse, women's issues, parent-child conflict(s), marital issues, and transitional/adjustment issues.
We live in a multi stress world and sometimes we need extra support. I provide couples, individual, and family therapy for adolescents and adults. I am a compassionate therapist who values the therapeutic connection. I am passionate about working with adolescence who have emotional/behavioral difficulties. I have years of experience assisting individuals, couples and families working through their life challenges. My experience includes (but is not limited to) mood disorders, trauma recovery, survivors of abuse, women's issues, parent-child conflict(s), marital issues, and transitional/adjustment issues.
(612) 324-5154 View (612) 324-5154
Photo of Devin Werthauser, MA, LADC, C-DBT, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Devin Werthauser
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373  (Online Only)
I have always loved to help others. Early on, I found my passion for helping women build confidence and self-esteem through my love for fashion and retail services. However, I realized my true purpose in helping others through my journey of battling chronic illnesses. My deep understanding of the impact of chronic illness makes me unique in my ability to support and guide. Chronic illness has many tentacles and can engulf your whole identity. These feelings, compounded by physical pain, require a safe and secure therapeutic relationship.
I have always loved to help others. Early on, I found my passion for helping women build confidence and self-esteem through my love for fashion and retail services. However, I realized my true purpose in helping others through my journey of battling chronic illnesses. My deep understanding of the impact of chronic illness makes me unique in my ability to support and guide. Chronic illness has many tentacles and can engulf your whole identity. These feelings, compounded by physical pain, require a safe and secure therapeutic relationship.
(763) 703-6189 View (763) 703-6189
Photo of Tamarah Gehlen, LMFT, LADC, CCTP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tamarah Gehlen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
Accepting New Clients! As an integrative therapist, I draw from different psychotherapy orientations. This allows me to tailor therapy to your needs and allows for a truly collaborative process in deciding where we go and how. Since successful therapy depends on a strong relationship between client and therapist, my first priority is nurturing that bond by creating a safe and supportive environment. I believe therapy is most effective when it is flexible, demystified, and client-centered, so you can expect me to be transparent about my ideas and approaches. My style is at times infused with humor and is always warm and direct.
Accepting New Clients! As an integrative therapist, I draw from different psychotherapy orientations. This allows me to tailor therapy to your needs and allows for a truly collaborative process in deciding where we go and how. Since successful therapy depends on a strong relationship between client and therapist, my first priority is nurturing that bond by creating a safe and supportive environment. I believe therapy is most effective when it is flexible, demystified, and client-centered, so you can expect me to be transparent about my ideas and approaches. My style is at times infused with humor and is always warm and direct.
(763) 301-5877 View (763) 301-5877
Photo of Layla Marie Berenjian, MA, LADC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Layla Marie Berenjian
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
I hold a deep appreciation for the significance of people's stories. Guided by my Perisan cultural values, I help individuals rediscover themselves, process trauma, and navigate ongoing stress. Grounded in holistic, mind-body techniques, my approach empowers clients' voices and strengths across all aspects of life. I view mental health symptoms as natural responses to a pathologizing world, offering a fresh perspective to release deep-rooted shame and facilitate healing and growth. Through authenticity, humor, and curiosity, I aim to create a place that fosters sustainable healing and transformation.
I hold a deep appreciation for the significance of people's stories. Guided by my Perisan cultural values, I help individuals rediscover themselves, process trauma, and navigate ongoing stress. Grounded in holistic, mind-body techniques, my approach empowers clients' voices and strengths across all aspects of life. I view mental health symptoms as natural responses to a pathologizing world, offering a fresh perspective to release deep-rooted shame and facilitate healing and growth. Through authenticity, humor, and curiosity, I aim to create a place that fosters sustainable healing and transformation.
(763) 373-3076 View (763) 373-3076
Photo of Stacy Nathan, MA, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Stacy Nathan
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373
I work with women of all ages and stages of life (16+). I believe that positive mental health flourishes with daily practices and healthy connections. My office is a supportive, judgement-free zone where clients are challenged to reach their full potential with sometimes irreverent humor and always with transparency and respect.
I work with women of all ages and stages of life (16+). I believe that positive mental health flourishes with daily practices and healthy connections. My office is a supportive, judgement-free zone where clients are challenged to reach their full potential with sometimes irreverent humor and always with transparency and respect.
(763) 284-8933 View (763) 284-8933
Photo of Kelly May, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly May
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rockford, MN 55373
Life often will throw us curve balls that we don’t expect, or things we never thought of having to deal with. In these times we tend to feel like we aren’t in control, we may feel alone, and not sure how to navigate through these times. So if you’re searching for an encouraging, non-judgmental, welcoming and comforting space to help guide you through these times, I look forward to walking along side of you in your journey.
Life often will throw us curve balls that we don’t expect, or things we never thought of having to deal with. In these times we tend to feel like we aren’t in control, we may feel alone, and not sure how to navigate through these times. So if you’re searching for an encouraging, non-judgmental, welcoming and comforting space to help guide you through these times, I look forward to walking along side of you in your journey.
(612) 979-1645 View (612) 979-1645
Photo of Ty Ferris, MHP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ty Ferris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHP
Verified Verified
Rockford, MN 55373  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life is too short to stay in bad relationships, let the past dictate your present or future, or to spend hours a day in anxiety, depression, or general despair–or worse, not be the authentic most awesome version of yourself! Let’s work together to help you to be able navigate life’s ups and downs with skill and support!.
Hi! My name is Ty, and I can’t wait to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff–you have come to the right place, I’ve got your back, and we can work through hard things. If you are wanting someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you. If you are looking for a provider who can understand what it is like to go through the world as a part of the queer community and dealing with LGBTQ+ cultural issues and discrimination–yep, that’s me, too!
Life is too short to stay in bad relationships, let the past dictate your present or future, or to spend hours a day in anxiety, depression, or general despair–or worse, not be the authentic most awesome version of yourself! Let’s work together to help you to be able navigate life’s ups and downs with skill and support!.
Hi! My name is Ty, and I can’t wait to work with you! If things have been just a little stressful, or you have gone through really difficult stuff–you have come to the right place, I’ve got your back, and we can work through hard things. If you are wanting someone who is going to listen non-judgmentally, who can understand and who can support whatever it is that you are dealing with, I would love to sit down and talk with you. If you are looking for a provider who can understand what it is like to go through the world as a part of the queer community and dealing with LGBTQ+ cultural issues and discrimination–yep, that’s me, too!
(763) 251-9781 View (763) 251-9781

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Nick Flottmeier, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nick Flottmeier
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
As a dedicated pre-licensed clinician, I am passionately committed to the field of mental health and relational well-being. I aim to help individuals and families navigate all of life's challenges including depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma. Throughout my career journey, I have actively engaged in clinical training and coursework which has helped me develop skills in assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. Drawing from various theoretical frameworks, including family systems theory and cognitive-behavioral techniques, I tailor my approach to meet the unique needs of each client.
As a dedicated pre-licensed clinician, I am passionately committed to the field of mental health and relational well-being. I aim to help individuals and families navigate all of life's challenges including depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma. Throughout my career journey, I have actively engaged in clinical training and coursework which has helped me develop skills in assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. Drawing from various theoretical frameworks, including family systems theory and cognitive-behavioral techniques, I tailor my approach to meet the unique needs of each client.
(763) 312-2762 View (763) 312-2762
Photo of Alison Potter, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alison Potter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
As human beings, we are driven towards inner balance, and many situations in life can impact functioning and offset balance. Maybe you have developed patterns of coping that are not working anymore, or you are feeling stuck. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, trauma, eating concerns, eating disorders, grief, adjustments, and life adjustments. Collaboratively, we will work together on your goals, while noticing the strengths that lie within you and your authentic self. I have worked in a variety of settings, including: outpatient, school-based, residential treatment centers and community based.
As human beings, we are driven towards inner balance, and many situations in life can impact functioning and offset balance. Maybe you have developed patterns of coping that are not working anymore, or you are feeling stuck. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, trauma, eating concerns, eating disorders, grief, adjustments, and life adjustments. Collaboratively, we will work together on your goals, while noticing the strengths that lie within you and your authentic self. I have worked in a variety of settings, including: outpatient, school-based, residential treatment centers and community based.
(763) 307-5785 View (763) 307-5785
Photo of Brandy Brown, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brandy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo, MN 55313  (Online Only)
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
How do you want to feel? How do you get there? Whether you're hoping to minimize anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, desire to explore and improve your past or current relationship patterns, need assistance navigating a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder during or after pregnancy, I offer you support, help and guidance in going from where you are to how you want to feel. I am a LBGTQ affirmative and supportive to all. Please note I offer virtual appointments only.
(320) 347-3435 View (320) 347-3435
Photo of Candace Hoversten, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Candace Hoversten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Delano, MN 55328
Hi! I'm a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) based in Minnesota. I have been in the mental health field for over 16 years in a variety of roles and settings. I utilize a variety of regulation and relation-based interventions to address stress, trauma, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other conditions. I’m a science geek at heart which means I actively incorporate current research and science into everyday applications.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) based in Minnesota. I have been in the mental health field for over 16 years in a variety of roles and settings. I utilize a variety of regulation and relation-based interventions to address stress, trauma, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other conditions. I’m a science geek at heart which means I actively incorporate current research and science into everyday applications.
(763) 296-8362 View (763) 296-8362
Photo of Kathleen Massmann, LPCC, MS, Counselor
Kathleen Massmann
Counselor, LPCC, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo, MN 55313
My areas of specialty include; Depression, Postpartum Depression, anxiety, grief and grief associated with the loss of a child, pregnancy after a loss, parenting issues and self-esteem/body image issues.
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step" Throughout the past ten years, I have been working with adolescents and adults in a variety of setting. I believe in the personal power that each individual has and their ability to make positive life changes Helping people find that power and clarity is my primary focus while working with each client.
My areas of specialty include; Depression, Postpartum Depression, anxiety, grief and grief associated with the loss of a child, pregnancy after a loss, parenting issues and self-esteem/body image issues.
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with one step" Throughout the past ten years, I have been working with adolescents and adults in a variety of setting. I believe in the personal power that each individual has and their ability to make positive life changes Helping people find that power and clarity is my primary focus while working with each client.
(763) 273-5847 View (763) 273-5847
Photo of Michele Laney, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michele Laney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Michael, MN 55376
I have worked for several years with individuals, couples, families, children, and adolescents on many different presenting issues. I work collaboratively with people to identify strengths within themselves to address their life challenges. I work with many parents regarding parenting concerns, balancing marriage and kids, and trying to find themselves again after having children. I work with couples to re-start their relationship after many years of unspoken distance. My practice is broad-based; I have experience with a range of issues such as marital strife, blended families, substance abuse, mental illness, depression, grief, anxiety, sexual abuse, and loss.
I have worked for several years with individuals, couples, families, children, and adolescents on many different presenting issues. I work collaboratively with people to identify strengths within themselves to address their life challenges. I work with many parents regarding parenting concerns, balancing marriage and kids, and trying to find themselves again after having children. I work with couples to re-start their relationship after many years of unspoken distance. My practice is broad-based; I have experience with a range of issues such as marital strife, blended families, substance abuse, mental illness, depression, grief, anxiety, sexual abuse, and loss.
(612) 419-8461 View (612) 419-8461
Photo of Kelsey Place, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Place
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hamel, MN 55340  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety or depression, navigating life transitions, or feeling like you have lost your sense of self? Are you struggling to feel present in day-to-day life, show up in your relationships, or as a parent? Perhaps you feel overwhelmed, stuck, and that you are barely just getting through each day. Life can be incredibly challenging at times, and it is normal to feel overwhelmed. Now more than ever, people feel overwhelmed and uncertain as they navigate raising kids, demanding jobs, understanding themselves, and balancing the competing demands of life. Know that a meaningful and connected life is possible!
Do you struggle with anxiety or depression, navigating life transitions, or feeling like you have lost your sense of self? Are you struggling to feel present in day-to-day life, show up in your relationships, or as a parent? Perhaps you feel overwhelmed, stuck, and that you are barely just getting through each day. Life can be incredibly challenging at times, and it is normal to feel overwhelmed. Now more than ever, people feel overwhelmed and uncertain as they navigate raising kids, demanding jobs, understanding themselves, and balancing the competing demands of life. Know that a meaningful and connected life is possible!
(651) 661-1731 View (651) 661-1731
Photo of Mark R. Thelen, PsyD, LP, LMFT, Psychologist
Mark R. Thelen
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
If you struggle with excessive anxiety, depression, anger, negative thoughts about yourself or others, it might time for a self tune-up and work on how you see yourself, view others and make the primary changes you want to make. There are many types of helpers out there, many good and wonderful people, but what I focus on is how you can change you and how you interact with others in the world. My focus is understanding your background and help you identify what you want to work on, change, accept, and/or do with your life. Hopefully, we can do this work in a timely and cost-efficient manner.
If you struggle with excessive anxiety, depression, anger, negative thoughts about yourself or others, it might time for a self tune-up and work on how you see yourself, view others and make the primary changes you want to make. There are many types of helpers out there, many good and wonderful people, but what I focus on is how you can change you and how you interact with others in the world. My focus is understanding your background and help you identify what you want to work on, change, accept, and/or do with your life. Hopefully, we can do this work in a timely and cost-efficient manner.
(763) 370-0243 View (763) 370-0243
Photo of Nathan Hoffman, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Nathan Hoffman
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in substance abuse, trauma, grief/loss, guilt and shame, domestic abuse, depression, and anxiety.
As a therapist, I take a person-centered approach to therapy and work with individuals to help them gain awareness and understanding of their mental health, while helping them identify their strengths and values. I work to meet individuals where they are and I believe that openness, honesty, trust, and respect are foundational in a therapeutic relationship. I am committed to helping individuals move towards improving their mental health and overall well-being by utilizing a holistic approach that focuses on physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
I specialize in substance abuse, trauma, grief/loss, guilt and shame, domestic abuse, depression, and anxiety.
As a therapist, I take a person-centered approach to therapy and work with individuals to help them gain awareness and understanding of their mental health, while helping them identify their strengths and values. I work to meet individuals where they are and I believe that openness, honesty, trust, and respect are foundational in a therapeutic relationship. I am committed to helping individuals move towards improving their mental health and overall well-being by utilizing a holistic approach that focuses on physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
(763) 247-7937 View (763) 247-7937
Photo of Chrissy Bensen, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chrissy Bensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Michael, MN 55376  (Online Only)
Are you searching for ways to show up more joyfully and authentically in your life? Does something feel a little "off," and you wish there was a place where you could sort it out and find a way to feel better? You may be struggling with depression, anger, or anxiety. You might seem fine on the outside, but inside you feel disconnected, a little lonely, or falling just short of where you'd like to be in your life. Although it might be more of a nagging feeling, you might also have some history with workplace, family, or religious trauma, parenting/step-parenting, chronic pain or illness, or identity/existential concerns.
Are you searching for ways to show up more joyfully and authentically in your life? Does something feel a little "off," and you wish there was a place where you could sort it out and find a way to feel better? You may be struggling with depression, anger, or anxiety. You might seem fine on the outside, but inside you feel disconnected, a little lonely, or falling just short of where you'd like to be in your life. Although it might be more of a nagging feeling, you might also have some history with workplace, family, or religious trauma, parenting/step-parenting, chronic pain or illness, or identity/existential concerns.
(763) 777-7667 View (763) 777-7667
Photo of Brianna Harguth, MS, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Brianna Harguth
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Buffalo, MN 55313
I have experience in providing services to individuals, couples, and families affected by anxiety, ADHD, depression, and PTSD.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist in Hutchinson, MN. Life can throw us some hard challenges, and I'm here to help. I try my best to provide a safe spot for you to feel heard and supported with whatever you may be facing.
I have experience in providing services to individuals, couples, and families affected by anxiety, ADHD, depression, and PTSD.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist in Hutchinson, MN. Life can throw us some hard challenges, and I'm here to help. I try my best to provide a safe spot for you to feel heard and supported with whatever you may be facing.
(320) 288-7805 View (320) 288-7805
Photo of Mark Schmoyer, MS, LPCC, Counselor
Mark Schmoyer
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Michael, MN 55376
I have experience working with adolescents and teenagers, particularly males, and help them through family struggles, school problems, relationships, depression, anxiety, and any other concern they may be experiencing.
I enjoy working with adults and teenagers as they navigate many of life's transitions. I make it my goal to establish a genuine relationship so that you feel validated and respected and our time together is centered on coming along side of you to create meaningful change. For those having thoughts of death or dying, it can be extremely distressing and I want to align with you to determine the best path forwards to manage and decrease those thoughts. I also value the role of faith in pursuing healing and strive to incorporate faith based conversations and interventions to assist you in your goals.
I have experience working with adolescents and teenagers, particularly males, and help them through family struggles, school problems, relationships, depression, anxiety, and any other concern they may be experiencing.
I enjoy working with adults and teenagers as they navigate many of life's transitions. I make it my goal to establish a genuine relationship so that you feel validated and respected and our time together is centered on coming along side of you to create meaningful change. For those having thoughts of death or dying, it can be extremely distressing and I want to align with you to determine the best path forwards to manage and decrease those thoughts. I also value the role of faith in pursuing healing and strive to incorporate faith based conversations and interventions to assist you in your goals.
(763) 325-8591 View (763) 325-8591

See more therapy options for Rockford

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.