Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Gerald Michael Reid, PhD, Psychologist
Gerald Michael Reid
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115
Dr. Gerald Reid works with children, adolescents, college students, and young adults. With his specialized, personable, and individualized approach, he provides COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) / Integrated Psychotherapy and NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING. Dr. Reid also specializes in SPORT AND PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY consultation. Dr. Reid's training includes Boston University, the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders (CARD), and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) - a Harvard University Teaching Hospital. Dr. Reid holds a Part-Time Faculty position at Boston University as an instructor and supervisor.
Dr. Gerald Reid works with children, adolescents, college students, and young adults. With his specialized, personable, and individualized approach, he provides COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) / Integrated Psychotherapy and NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING. Dr. Reid also specializes in SPORT AND PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY consultation. Dr. Reid's training includes Boston University, the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders (CARD), and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) - a Harvard University Teaching Hospital. Dr. Reid holds a Part-Time Faculty position at Boston University as an instructor and supervisor.
(617) 612-4314 View (617) 612-4314
Photo of Dr. Thomas Michaels, PsyD, LPC, LCDC, LMHC, LCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Thomas Michaels
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, LCDC, LMHC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Now Taking Telehealth Referrals in MA and TX. So, in your relationship…Do you and your partner find yourselves circling back to the same issues when you fight? Do you not feel heard or seen? Are you unsure if this is the person for you long term? By Yourself…Does your anger, sadness, or anxiety prevent you from living your best life? If any of these situations describe you, I can help.
Now Taking Telehealth Referrals in MA and TX. So, in your relationship…Do you and your partner find yourselves circling back to the same issues when you fight? Do you not feel heard or seen? Are you unsure if this is the person for you long term? By Yourself…Does your anger, sadness, or anxiety prevent you from living your best life? If any of these situations describe you, I can help.
(507) 509-2248 View (507) 509-2248
Photo of Elise Walker, LMHC, Counselor
Elise Walker
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Therapy can deepen the relationship you have with yourself, as a space to explore your inner-workings and "soul purpose." As your therapist, my goal is to provide a non-judgmental space to process life’s challenges, explore self-limiting beliefs, and create goals that are in alignment with YOU. In sessions, we will look at the whole person you are— integrating mind, body, and soul. Many of my clients are young adults struggling with anxiety, trauma, and low self-esteem. I also have experience working with individuals with depression, disordered eating, relationship issues, and attachment/co-dependency.
Therapy can deepen the relationship you have with yourself, as a space to explore your inner-workings and "soul purpose." As your therapist, my goal is to provide a non-judgmental space to process life’s challenges, explore self-limiting beliefs, and create goals that are in alignment with YOU. In sessions, we will look at the whole person you are— integrating mind, body, and soul. Many of my clients are young adults struggling with anxiety, trauma, and low self-esteem. I also have experience working with individuals with depression, disordered eating, relationship issues, and attachment/co-dependency.
(617) 405-3528 View (617) 405-3528
Photo of Karen M Seif, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen M Seif
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02129  (Online Only)
My ideal client is seeking compassionate, collaborative mental health support. They may be struggling with parenting, stress, identity issues, or LGBTQ+ concerns. They value a therapist with 30 years of diverse experience, empathy, humor, and a relational, narrative, and CBT approach. They seek a trusting therapeutic space for self-discovery, growth, and coping with life's challenges. Whether they're a caregiver, young adult, part of the adoption community, or LGBTQ+, they desire understanding, guidance, and a non-judgmental ally in their journey towards wellness and self-acceptance.
My ideal client is seeking compassionate, collaborative mental health support. They may be struggling with parenting, stress, identity issues, or LGBTQ+ concerns. They value a therapist with 30 years of diverse experience, empathy, humor, and a relational, narrative, and CBT approach. They seek a trusting therapeutic space for self-discovery, growth, and coping with life's challenges. Whether they're a caregiver, young adult, part of the adoption community, or LGBTQ+, they desire understanding, guidance, and a non-judgmental ally in their journey towards wellness and self-acceptance.
(959) 210-6800 View (959) 210-6800
Photo of Gaia Zanna, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Gaia Zanna
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Buongiorno & Good Morning! Sometimes it is difficult to make sense of feelings, learning how to manage them, and being able to find healthy ways to express your inner self. Therapy is a safe space and confidential process that through time, consistency and work together will allow you to identify and develop a healthy voice to express difficult feelings. Connection and Bonding in therapy promote resiliency, stimulating and feeding the mind. Feeling heard, being seeing, feeling that we have a purpose in life is a vital, indispensable healing and nurturing process of psychotherapy.
Buongiorno & Good Morning! Sometimes it is difficult to make sense of feelings, learning how to manage them, and being able to find healthy ways to express your inner self. Therapy is a safe space and confidential process that through time, consistency and work together will allow you to identify and develop a healthy voice to express difficult feelings. Connection and Bonding in therapy promote resiliency, stimulating and feeding the mind. Feeling heard, being seeing, feeling that we have a purpose in life is a vital, indispensable healing and nurturing process of psychotherapy.
(617) 440-4031 View (617) 440-4031
Photo of Katie Ginsburg, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Ginsburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients for February! I am a licensed clinical social worker who has been in the field for over 15 years. I have worked in medical settings, youth empowerment programs, social justice nonprofits, and most recently at Massachusetts General Hospital in the Department of Psychiatry. I most often work with clients around anxiety, relationship concerns, family dynamics, job stress, body image, major medical events/illness (including end of life), and substance use concerns. I've completed 200HR yoga teacher training and use mindfulness in my therapy practice if it's of interest to my client.
Accepting new clients for February! I am a licensed clinical social worker who has been in the field for over 15 years. I have worked in medical settings, youth empowerment programs, social justice nonprofits, and most recently at Massachusetts General Hospital in the Department of Psychiatry. I most often work with clients around anxiety, relationship concerns, family dynamics, job stress, body image, major medical events/illness (including end of life), and substance use concerns. I've completed 200HR yoga teacher training and use mindfulness in my therapy practice if it's of interest to my client.
(857) 219-2228 View (857) 219-2228
Photo of Christine Kaveski, LMHC, Counselor
Christine Kaveski
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients. I am licensed mental health counselor who utilizes mindfulness, and somatic knowledge in my sessions. I believe in a person-centered, strengths-based approach to aid my clients in identifying unhelpful recurring thoughts or behavioral patterns so they can work towards feeling confident as their authentic self. I want to help clients learn coping skills and ways of life that support their unique needs. I am passionate about establishing a safe, inviting space to lay the groundwork for healing.
I am currently accepting new clients. I am licensed mental health counselor who utilizes mindfulness, and somatic knowledge in my sessions. I believe in a person-centered, strengths-based approach to aid my clients in identifying unhelpful recurring thoughts or behavioral patterns so they can work towards feeling confident as their authentic self. I want to help clients learn coping skills and ways of life that support their unique needs. I am passionate about establishing a safe, inviting space to lay the groundwork for healing.
(617) 539-2804 View (617) 539-2804
Photo of Steve Rothenberg, PsyD, Psychologist
Steve Rothenberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I am committed to helping individuals to find the best within themselves and to share that with those most important to them. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or depression, relationship difficulties (including "dating stress"), or life stresses, I always try to find what will be the most effective way to help you achieve your goals and live a happier, authentic, life.
I am committed to helping individuals to find the best within themselves and to share that with those most important to them. Whether you are struggling with anxiety or depression, relationship difficulties (including "dating stress"), or life stresses, I always try to find what will be the most effective way to help you achieve your goals and live a happier, authentic, life.
(617) 925-7092 View (617) 925-7092
Photo of Elicelot 'eli' Encarnacion, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elicelot 'eli' Encarnacion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
Our thoughts sounds very different when said out loud, my goal is to provide a judgment free safe space where people can process these thoughts and feelings.
Our thoughts sounds very different when said out loud, my goal is to provide a judgment free safe space where people can process these thoughts and feelings.
(857) 375-7890 View (857) 375-7890
Photo of Jacob Rusczek, PhD, Psychologist
Jacob Rusczek
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Everyone comes to psychotherapy with a unique set of concerns; thus, every course of psychotherapy is different. Part of my role is learning how I can be helpful to you in particular. In general, I view therapy as a place for increasing self-awareness. Often, we don't fully understand why we go about our lives as we do - and why we have the difficulties that we have. Without adequate self-awareness, we tend to unwittingly repeat the same patterns. It is only when we understand ourselves as we truly are that we become free to choose new possibilities.
Everyone comes to psychotherapy with a unique set of concerns; thus, every course of psychotherapy is different. Part of my role is learning how I can be helpful to you in particular. In general, I view therapy as a place for increasing self-awareness. Often, we don't fully understand why we go about our lives as we do - and why we have the difficulties that we have. Without adequate self-awareness, we tend to unwittingly repeat the same patterns. It is only when we understand ourselves as we truly are that we become free to choose new possibilities.
(802) 392-3624 View (802) 392-3624
Photo of Barbara E Breslau, EdD, Psychologist
Barbara E Breslau
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02118
I am an MGH-Harvard affiliated psychologist with a psychotherapy practice of over 30 years in the South End. I work with adults, young adults, college students and couples. My goal is to ease your distress and help you live the life you want. While my background is in psychodynamic psychotherapy, I believe that each person's needs are unique. Thus, I draw on a wide range of approaches to help resolve troubling issues--self-defeating patterns, paralyzing anxieties, or feelings of dissatisfaction in relationships.
I am an MGH-Harvard affiliated psychologist with a psychotherapy practice of over 30 years in the South End. I work with adults, young adults, college students and couples. My goal is to ease your distress and help you live the life you want. While my background is in psychodynamic psychotherapy, I believe that each person's needs are unique. Thus, I draw on a wide range of approaches to help resolve troubling issues--self-defeating patterns, paralyzing anxieties, or feelings of dissatisfaction in relationships.
(617) 500-8852 View (617) 500-8852
Photo of Sydney Appelbaum, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sydney Appelbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02125  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with clients who are dealing with the various stressors of life. Whether those stressors are a new job, life transitions, serious illness, difficulties at home or coping with trauma, I am here to support you and be your partner in building effective coping strategies. If you are feeling stuck or overwhelmed, you are not alone and we can work together to get through those emotions. Whether you're new to therapy or someone with years of experience, our time together is spent working on what feels most pressing to you.
I work with clients who are dealing with the various stressors of life. Whether those stressors are a new job, life transitions, serious illness, difficulties at home or coping with trauma, I am here to support you and be your partner in building effective coping strategies. If you are feeling stuck or overwhelmed, you are not alone and we can work together to get through those emotions. Whether you're new to therapy or someone with years of experience, our time together is spent working on what feels most pressing to you.
(617) 941-9769 View (617) 941-9769
Photo of Marissa Gurello, LMHC, Counselor
Marissa Gurello
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I collaborate with my clients to create an open and honest space, where you can feel safe to share, grow and heal. My therapeutic style incorporates a collaborative strength-based approach with components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness and person-centered practice, while keeping in mind the individual experience and your specific goals. Taking the first step to seeking therapy can feel uncomfortable and is very brave! I am here to support you in that process and help to make this a positive and personable experience for you and your journey.
I collaborate with my clients to create an open and honest space, where you can feel safe to share, grow and heal. My therapeutic style incorporates a collaborative strength-based approach with components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness and person-centered practice, while keeping in mind the individual experience and your specific goals. Taking the first step to seeking therapy can feel uncomfortable and is very brave! I am here to support you in that process and help to make this a positive and personable experience for you and your journey.
(857) 855-5051 View (857) 855-5051
Photo of Eliza Coard - Nova Concierge Counseling, LLC, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nova Concierge Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
Nova Concierge Counseling, LLC is a boutique therapy practice catering to the individual needs of each client. We pride ourselves in being accessible, hands-on and in your corner to aide in challenges and celebrate your successes during every step of your journey. Our sessions are 60 minutes in length. We also offer concierge services as needed. We are a small practice, allowing us to be highly available and offer support services in addition to regular sessions. Please note that insurance is not accepted we are a private pay only practice.
Nova Concierge Counseling, LLC is a boutique therapy practice catering to the individual needs of each client. We pride ourselves in being accessible, hands-on and in your corner to aide in challenges and celebrate your successes during every step of your journey. Our sessions are 60 minutes in length. We also offer concierge services as needed. We are a small practice, allowing us to be highly available and offer support services in addition to regular sessions. Please note that insurance is not accepted we are a private pay only practice.
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Photo of Leah Dittman, LMHC, Counselor
Leah Dittman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
I am a relational therapist who specializes in working with motivated adults who are interested in finding more success in their relationships to themselves, others, and the world around them. I help my clients learn how to cope with symptoms that are getting in the way of being more authentically them, this includes depression, anxiety, and trauma. There's many reasons why we reach out for help; maybe you're interested in gaining a deeper understanding of yourself, or wondering how to move on from an unbearable heartbreak. Therapy is a truly collaborative effort and I hope we can create a space for reflection and forward direction.
I am a relational therapist who specializes in working with motivated adults who are interested in finding more success in their relationships to themselves, others, and the world around them. I help my clients learn how to cope with symptoms that are getting in the way of being more authentically them, this includes depression, anxiety, and trauma. There's many reasons why we reach out for help; maybe you're interested in gaining a deeper understanding of yourself, or wondering how to move on from an unbearable heartbreak. Therapy is a truly collaborative effort and I hope we can create a space for reflection and forward direction.
(617) 765-1663 View (617) 765-1663
Photo of Daniel Do, LICSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Do
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
Accepting New Telehealth Clients. Are you looking for ways to manage and overcome your stress, symptoms of depression or anxiety, or find support in a confidential space? Starting therapy takes courage and strength. It can be a scary space because you do not know your therapist yet. I work with clients to manage their mental health symptoms and not be defined by those symptoms. If you would like to build coping skills, gain insight into your strengths and find balance, I would like to work with you on this journey.
Accepting New Telehealth Clients. Are you looking for ways to manage and overcome your stress, symptoms of depression or anxiety, or find support in a confidential space? Starting therapy takes courage and strength. It can be a scary space because you do not know your therapist yet. I work with clients to manage their mental health symptoms and not be defined by those symptoms. If you would like to build coping skills, gain insight into your strengths and find balance, I would like to work with you on this journey.
(781) 349-7320 View (781) 349-7320
Photo of Charlotte Lewis, LMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Charlotte Lewis
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199
Now Accepting New Clients! I am a provisionally licensed Mental Health Counselor and Psychotherapist at And Still We Rise, LLC. I received my B.S. in Counseling Psychology and an M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling; Trauma Specialization Studies from Lesley University. I am committed to multicultural competence and anti-racist practices. I provide individual psychotherapy for a range of presenting concerns, including trauma work, grief and loss, disordered eating, and domestic violence, with additional experience in, OCD work, anxiety/depression, and substance abuse.
Now Accepting New Clients! I am a provisionally licensed Mental Health Counselor and Psychotherapist at And Still We Rise, LLC. I received my B.S. in Counseling Psychology and an M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling; Trauma Specialization Studies from Lesley University. I am committed to multicultural competence and anti-racist practices. I provide individual psychotherapy for a range of presenting concerns, including trauma work, grief and loss, disordered eating, and domestic violence, with additional experience in, OCD work, anxiety/depression, and substance abuse.
(888) 572-0795 View (888) 572-0795
Photo of Carolyna Mercado, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Carolyna Mercado
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
I believe it takes courage to accept and address one's mental health needs. It is for this matter that I provide the necessary guidance and support for individuals to develop coping skills and tools that will help address the problems impacting their lives in a non-judgemental environment. I’m bilingual in Spanish-English and I have been working in the mental health field for the past 6 years. In this journey, I have enjoyed working with a wide range of individuals that struggle with anxiety, depression, stress management, life transitions, crisis intervention, substance abuse, trauma, and multicultural issues.
I believe it takes courage to accept and address one's mental health needs. It is for this matter that I provide the necessary guidance and support for individuals to develop coping skills and tools that will help address the problems impacting their lives in a non-judgemental environment. I’m bilingual in Spanish-English and I have been working in the mental health field for the past 6 years. In this journey, I have enjoyed working with a wide range of individuals that struggle with anxiety, depression, stress management, life transitions, crisis intervention, substance abuse, trauma, and multicultural issues.
(857) 420-6245 View (857) 420-6245
Photo of Noretza Rivera, Pre-Licensed Professional
Noretza Rivera
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Noretza! I am a proud member of Trust Therapeutics, LLC, dedicated to offering my support to a diverse range of individuals, including young adults, professionals, the Latino/a community, and individuals from all backgrounds, including LGBTQ+ and those with disabilities.
Hi, my name is Noretza! I am a proud member of Trust Therapeutics, LLC, dedicated to offering my support to a diverse range of individuals, including young adults, professionals, the Latino/a community, and individuals from all backgrounds, including LGBTQ+ and those with disabilities.
(888) 454-2439 View (888) 454-2439
Photo of Charuta Pednekar, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charuta Pednekar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hi there I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) practicing in the field for past 14 years. I believe in providing care with respect, compassion, sensitivity and in a non judgmental way. Life is full of challenges however, in my experience I have realized that most of my clients are equally resourceful. Time and time again I have observed that my clients often resolve their issues with guidance and support. Many of my clients have said that they feel heard and not judged for the decisions they make day in and day out, I believe this is my strength.
Hi there I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) practicing in the field for past 14 years. I believe in providing care with respect, compassion, sensitivity and in a non judgmental way. Life is full of challenges however, in my experience I have realized that most of my clients are equally resourceful. Time and time again I have observed that my clients often resolve their issues with guidance and support. Many of my clients have said that they feel heard and not judged for the decisions they make day in and day out, I believe this is my strength.
(617) 487-4061 View (617) 487-4061

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$154

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

61% Online Only
39% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.