Infertility Therapists in South Lyon, MI

Photo of Colleen Bertani - Bertani Wellness, LMSW, CAADC , SAP,  PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Colleen Bertani - Bertani Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC , SAP, PC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
South Lyon, MI 48178
I am passionate about helping people problem solve through difficult times. I have 25 years of experience helping people work through issues related to stress, anxiety, sadness, grief, family problems, relationship struggles, codependency issues and infertility. I specialize in working with adults age 18+ and especially enjoy helping people with anxiety. I truly believe that every person wants to be validated and heard. I am able to provide a nurturing & supportive environment that supports clients to create balance and wellness in their lives.
I am passionate about helping people problem solve through difficult times. I have 25 years of experience helping people work through issues related to stress, anxiety, sadness, grief, family problems, relationship struggles, codependency issues and infertility. I specialize in working with adults age 18+ and especially enjoy helping people with anxiety. I truly believe that every person wants to be validated and heard. I am able to provide a nurturing & supportive environment that supports clients to create balance and wellness in their lives.
(248) 534-1681 View (248) 534-1681
Photo of Michelle R Burdick, LPC, NCC, SPHR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle R Burdick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, SPHR
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
I have been a counselor for over 10 years and my expertise is related to helping individuals transition through change. In addition, with over 10 years of previous experience in human resources, I am well suited to help you with your career needs. As a counselor, I can help you can explore and identify what is important to you and help you overcome the fear that may be keeping you stuck. Many people struggle to find their voice. My goal is to help you gain insight, have a more rewarding career, and build stronger relationships. I’ll help you understand your emotions better so you can communicate clearly and confidently.
I have been a counselor for over 10 years and my expertise is related to helping individuals transition through change. In addition, with over 10 years of previous experience in human resources, I am well suited to help you with your career needs. As a counselor, I can help you can explore and identify what is important to you and help you overcome the fear that may be keeping you stuck. Many people struggle to find their voice. My goal is to help you gain insight, have a more rewarding career, and build stronger relationships. I’ll help you understand your emotions better so you can communicate clearly and confidently.
(734) 274-5402 View (734) 274-5402
Photo of Sarah Swartz, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Swartz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
South Lyon, MI 48178  (Online Only)
It takes courage to reach out and find the best fit for your needs. I am here to help facilitate personal growth and offer empowerment to those that are ready to make changes in their life and to embrace the healing journey. In using my ability to meet the client where they are and gently lead them to incorporate the changes they wish in their lives. I specialize in treating adults and teens with anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, family system issues, addressing family dynamics, intimacy concerns/sexual dysfunction with individuals or couples and major life transitions. Divorce can be done in alternative ways reducing trauma.
It takes courage to reach out and find the best fit for your needs. I am here to help facilitate personal growth and offer empowerment to those that are ready to make changes in their life and to embrace the healing journey. In using my ability to meet the client where they are and gently lead them to incorporate the changes they wish in their lives. I specialize in treating adults and teens with anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, family system issues, addressing family dynamics, intimacy concerns/sexual dysfunction with individuals or couples and major life transitions. Divorce can be done in alternative ways reducing trauma.
(734) 530-3431 View (734) 530-3431
Photo of Katie Holden Sheffler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Holden Sheffler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
At The Well Counseling we focus on providing a safe, caring, and a nonjudgmental environment, supporting you as you begin to address and cope with the challenges in your life. Drawing from your strengths, we will work together to develop new strategies, skills and perspectives in order that you may live a full and joyful life. We utilize creative therapies in order to compliment and deepen the healing process. We now offer academic and intelligence testing as well!
At The Well Counseling we focus on providing a safe, caring, and a nonjudgmental environment, supporting you as you begin to address and cope with the challenges in your life. Drawing from your strengths, we will work together to develop new strategies, skills and perspectives in order that you may live a full and joyful life. We utilize creative therapies in order to compliment and deepen the healing process. We now offer academic and intelligence testing as well!
(248) 256-5838 View (248) 256-5838
Photo of Jennifer Boss Mainka - Renewed Relationships Counseling & Psych. Svcs, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Renewed Relationships Counseling & Psych. Svcs
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
When you feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed by life, you will often notice that your relationships are suffering as well. These can be relationships with your spouse or significant other, your kids, or even your coworkers. Often by improving the relationship, you will see improvement in these other areas. Our therapists use Emotionally Focused Therapy with individuals, couples, and families to enhance relationships and alleviate fears and sadness. We also treat children, teens, and families who are experiencing behavioral issues or difficult family dynamics. When seeing children, we include the parents in the treatment process to facilitate treatment success.
When you feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed by life, you will often notice that your relationships are suffering as well. These can be relationships with your spouse or significant other, your kids, or even your coworkers. Often by improving the relationship, you will see improvement in these other areas. Our therapists use Emotionally Focused Therapy with individuals, couples, and families to enhance relationships and alleviate fears and sadness. We also treat children, teens, and families who are experiencing behavioral issues or difficult family dynamics. When seeing children, we include the parents in the treatment process to facilitate treatment success.
(810) 346-1839 View (810) 346-1839
Photo of Jenny Parmenter, ACSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenny Parmenter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
Are you in need of a nurturing place to sort out life's challenges? I feel everyone from time to time can use some extra support and insight to gain greater fulfillment in their lives. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with individuals, couples and families that were committed to making these positive changes. I welcome the opportunity to assist you in life's journey.
Are you in need of a nurturing place to sort out life's challenges? I feel everyone from time to time can use some extra support and insight to gain greater fulfillment in their lives. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with individuals, couples and families that were committed to making these positive changes. I welcome the opportunity to assist you in life's journey.
(810) 696-8018 View (810) 696-8018
Photo of Monica Laming, LMSW, IMH-E, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Monica Laming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, IMH-E
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Lyon, MI 48178
I provide specialized therapy for women, children & families. My services would be ideal for women looking for support with anxiety, depression, parenting concerns, birth trauma, pregnancy loss, post-partum mental health concerns, reproductive challenges, history of trauma etc. I work with women in all stages of life and utilize a variety of modalities to best fit your needs with the deeper understanding that change comes within an authentic relationship. I welcome mothers to bring their babies or young children to therapy if needed as my office space provides a play area for children of many ages.
I provide specialized therapy for women, children & families. My services would be ideal for women looking for support with anxiety, depression, parenting concerns, birth trauma, pregnancy loss, post-partum mental health concerns, reproductive challenges, history of trauma etc. I work with women in all stages of life and utilize a variety of modalities to best fit your needs with the deeper understanding that change comes within an authentic relationship. I welcome mothers to bring their babies or young children to therapy if needed as my office space provides a play area for children of many ages.
(810) 206-1621 View (810) 206-1621
Photo of Huri Kushner, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Huri Kushner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
Huri Kushner is a clinical social worker, who has been practicing since 1999. He graduated from the University of Denver with a Master's degree in Social Work. He uses a collaborative, person-centered, supportive style of therapy, which seeks to improve your overall emotional, mental, psychological, and behavioral functioning. You will tell your own story, identifying your hopes and dreams as we start our journey together to work toward your own healing.
Huri Kushner is a clinical social worker, who has been practicing since 1999. He graduated from the University of Denver with a Master's degree in Social Work. He uses a collaborative, person-centered, supportive style of therapy, which seeks to improve your overall emotional, mental, psychological, and behavioral functioning. You will tell your own story, identifying your hopes and dreams as we start our journey together to work toward your own healing.
(947) 300-4760 View (947) 300-4760
Janice Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
Everyone arrives at counseling with a unique story and as such, the process of care should be just as unique to the individual. I aim to work with clients to identify goals and craft an approach specific to individual needs. Specifically, my care comes in the form of collaboration, empathy, and nonjudgmental support to help clients so they can truly thrive in their lives. Everyone has a unique perspective and story to share. I aim to help you explore your story and develop a deeper, more intimate understanding of yourself so that you can better live your life and tell your story.
Everyone arrives at counseling with a unique story and as such, the process of care should be just as unique to the individual. I aim to work with clients to identify goals and craft an approach specific to individual needs. Specifically, my care comes in the form of collaboration, empathy, and nonjudgmental support to help clients so they can truly thrive in their lives. Everyone has a unique perspective and story to share. I aim to help you explore your story and develop a deeper, more intimate understanding of yourself so that you can better live your life and tell your story.
(947) 225-6741 View (947) 225-6741
Photo of Lauren Enfroy (Young), LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Enfroy (Young)
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Lyon, MI 48178
Life can be overwhelming at times for all of us. I recognize the strength that it can take to identify that and then ask for help. I appreciate the courage and strength it takes to be vulnerable with others, especially someone new. I welcome clients to my office by letting them set the pace for therapy. As a therapist, I am here to support and to guide, not to force the process. So come and have a seat with me and let us figure out what you need together.
Life can be overwhelming at times for all of us. I recognize the strength that it can take to identify that and then ask for help. I appreciate the courage and strength it takes to be vulnerable with others, especially someone new. I welcome clients to my office by letting them set the pace for therapy. As a therapist, I am here to support and to guide, not to force the process. So come and have a seat with me and let us figure out what you need together.
(810) 206-1387 View (810) 206-1387
Photo of Tara M Freni, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tara M Freni
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Lyon, MI 48178
I specialize in working with couples or relationships, families, women, trauma, and grief. People often encounter relationship dynamics, losses, or wounds that spill over into their current experiences and leave them feeling unsettled, struggling with anxiousness, or finding it difficult to feel connected to the people they love. If you want to explore these past and present patterns, we can gently dig into the therapeutic process together. Our shared goal would be to learn how to honor yourself and lean into the world with curiosity and self-compassion.
I specialize in working with couples or relationships, families, women, trauma, and grief. People often encounter relationship dynamics, losses, or wounds that spill over into their current experiences and leave them feeling unsettled, struggling with anxiousness, or finding it difficult to feel connected to the people they love. If you want to explore these past and present patterns, we can gently dig into the therapeutic process together. Our shared goal would be to learn how to honor yourself and lean into the world with curiosity and self-compassion.
(810) 442-4074 View (810) 442-4074
Photo of Pamela Marsh - Marsh Psychology Group, PsyD, Psychologist
Marsh Psychology Group
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Lyon, MI 48178
Immediate Openings available. Put your mental health first! We are a group of compassionate psychotherapy practitioners who are dedicated to helping you find better ways of living. We specialize in anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Several of our practitioners are trained in EMDR, an effective treatment for trauma, depression, and anxiety. We are available to help you manage your mood and fears. Psychotherapy is a powerful tool to find healthier ways to cope and make meaning during difficult time.
Immediate Openings available. Put your mental health first! We are a group of compassionate psychotherapy practitioners who are dedicated to helping you find better ways of living. We specialize in anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Several of our practitioners are trained in EMDR, an effective treatment for trauma, depression, and anxiety. We are available to help you manage your mood and fears. Psychotherapy is a powerful tool to find healthier ways to cope and make meaning during difficult time.
(947) 222-7938 View (947) 222-7938
Photo of Rachael Krefman-Castellon - Meaningful Life Therapy Services, LMSW, 8735966
Meaningful Life Therapy Services
LMSW, 8735966
Verified Verified
South Lyon, MI 48178
Meaningful Life Therapy Services was founded with a vision of providing a welcoming space for self-reflection and growth. Our clients are creative, passionate, humorous, engaging, determined, wise, and unique. Some of our clients come to us because they want to learn coping skills for managing symptoms or unlearn behaviors that are no longer serving them. Some come to learn more about who they are and what they want in life. Some are simply searching for a soft place to land.
Meaningful Life Therapy Services was founded with a vision of providing a welcoming space for self-reflection and growth. Our clients are creative, passionate, humorous, engaging, determined, wise, and unique. Some of our clients come to us because they want to learn coping skills for managing symptoms or unlearn behaviors that are no longer serving them. Some come to learn more about who they are and what they want in life. Some are simply searching for a soft place to land.
(810) 255-9363 View (810) 255-9363

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Danica San Juan, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danica San Juan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Brighton, MI 48116
Danica is a psychotherapist who has been practicing since 2019. She graduated from the University of Michigan School of Social Work. Danica believes in the philosophy that life just sucks sometimes; sometimes a client wants a therapist to help it feel less sucky and other times, they need a therapist to just hold space for them. Her main areas of focus include anxiety (generalized anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, OCD), pregnancy (from infertility to postpartum to grieving due to miscarriage or abortion), and trauma (which not only includes PTSD, but also complex-PTSD/borderline personality disorder and identity-based trauma).
Danica is a psychotherapist who has been practicing since 2019. She graduated from the University of Michigan School of Social Work. Danica believes in the philosophy that life just sucks sometimes; sometimes a client wants a therapist to help it feel less sucky and other times, they need a therapist to just hold space for them. Her main areas of focus include anxiety (generalized anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, OCD), pregnancy (from infertility to postpartum to grieving due to miscarriage or abortion), and trauma (which not only includes PTSD, but also complex-PTSD/borderline personality disorder and identity-based trauma).
(810) 255-4214 View (810) 255-4214
Photo of Donna Palma - Simply Mindful Counseling, PhD, LMSW, LLP, LLMSW, NP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Simply Mindful Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW, LLP, LLMSW, NP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Northville, MI 48167
We also offer therapy for those struggling with infertility or postpartum depression.
We focus is on providing mental health care that is thoughtful, attentive and individualized to your unique needs. We use evidence-based treatment methods that incorporate the mind and body to foster happiness, wholeness, and authentic living. Making mindful changes to self-defeating behavior, challenging negative narratives and learning how to cope with difficult feelings opens you up to life-altering results. Our therapists at Simply Mindful Counseling will join with you to help simplify your journey and to support you in finding your true path. The hardest part is making the decision to embark on the therapeutic journey.
We also offer therapy for those struggling with infertility or postpartum depression.
We focus is on providing mental health care that is thoughtful, attentive and individualized to your unique needs. We use evidence-based treatment methods that incorporate the mind and body to foster happiness, wholeness, and authentic living. Making mindful changes to self-defeating behavior, challenging negative narratives and learning how to cope with difficult feelings opens you up to life-altering results. Our therapists at Simply Mindful Counseling will join with you to help simplify your journey and to support you in finding your true path. The hardest part is making the decision to embark on the therapeutic journey.
(734) 206-7271 View (734) 206-7271
Photo of Heidi Stevens, MA, CAS, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Heidi Stevens
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, CAS
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
I’m here to help you thrive, whether you're dealing with anxiety, ADHD, depression, infertility, pregnancy or postpartum difficulties, parenting challenges, or just general stress.
I help clients gain clarity on their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions as they navigate life's challenges. I have experience supporting clients with perinatal/postpartum transitions, parenting, and mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and adjustment disorders. I'm particularly passionate about supporting individuals through perinatal and postpartum transitions, including postpartum anxiety/depression and offering assistance to seasoned, new, soon-to-be, and hopeful parents. I also assist clients with executive functioning, academic skills, 504 plans, IEPs, post-secondary disability services, and mental health.
I’m here to help you thrive, whether you're dealing with anxiety, ADHD, depression, infertility, pregnancy or postpartum difficulties, parenting challenges, or just general stress.
I help clients gain clarity on their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions as they navigate life's challenges. I have experience supporting clients with perinatal/postpartum transitions, parenting, and mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and adjustment disorders. I'm particularly passionate about supporting individuals through perinatal and postpartum transitions, including postpartum anxiety/depression and offering assistance to seasoned, new, soon-to-be, and hopeful parents. I also assist clients with executive functioning, academic skills, 504 plans, IEPs, post-secondary disability services, and mental health.
(734) 323-4897 View (734) 323-4897
Photo of Julie Encelewski, MSW, LMSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Encelewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Northville, MI 48167
I have twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents dealing with issues including depression, anxiety, stress, ADHD, divorce, infertility, parenting, medical issues, men's issues and grief and loss.
Do you feel overwhelmed by work, school, or family responsibilities? Is depression or anxiety holding you back from reaching your goals? Are you feeling stuck in unfulfilling relationships? I believe that everyone struggles with navigating life's challenges at some point, and we all could use some assistance in creating a more fulfilling and joyful life. I provide a safe and collaborative environment for clients to explore their feelings and discuss their struggles. I work together with clients to find creative solutions to their problems and to apply those solutions to their real-life situations.
I have twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents dealing with issues including depression, anxiety, stress, ADHD, divorce, infertility, parenting, medical issues, men's issues and grief and loss.
Do you feel overwhelmed by work, school, or family responsibilities? Is depression or anxiety holding you back from reaching your goals? Are you feeling stuck in unfulfilling relationships? I believe that everyone struggles with navigating life's challenges at some point, and we all could use some assistance in creating a more fulfilling and joyful life. I provide a safe and collaborative environment for clients to explore their feelings and discuss their struggles. I work together with clients to find creative solutions to their problems and to apply those solutions to their real-life situations.
(248) 636-2196 View (248) 636-2196
Photo of Tawny Bilek, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tawny Bilek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brighton, MI 48116  (Online Only)
Since i can remember, I have been passionate about working with people and helping them overcome the short term and long term struggles they may be facing day to day. My goal in my career is to assist my clients in learning new skills to help them advance mentally, physically, and emotionally while building and promoting self-confidence and personal wellbeing. I have a wide range of knowledge surrounding childhood trauma, parenting issues, infertility, depression, anxiety, stress, crisis, and PTSD. Professionally I use a range of interventions to encourage health, growth, patience, self-compassion, healing, and understanding.
Since i can remember, I have been passionate about working with people and helping them overcome the short term and long term struggles they may be facing day to day. My goal in my career is to assist my clients in learning new skills to help them advance mentally, physically, and emotionally while building and promoting self-confidence and personal wellbeing. I have a wide range of knowledge surrounding childhood trauma, parenting issues, infertility, depression, anxiety, stress, crisis, and PTSD. Professionally I use a range of interventions to encourage health, growth, patience, self-compassion, healing, and understanding.
(810) 474-4502 View (810) 474-4502
Photo of Dr. Carol Ann Crowley, Psychologist
Dr. Carol Ann Crowley
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Brighton, MI 48116
I have clinical expertise in: depression, anxiety, grief and loss (including perinatal loss), sexual trauma, relationship dysfunction, medical illness issues (including infertility), eating disorders and women's issues.
"There are just some times in life when it can often help to talk." I have twenty-five years of experience in providing psychotherapy to individuals, couples and older adolescents. Talking and working in a therapeutic relationship can be an opportunity to identify issues, thoughts and behaviors that may cause distress for someone in their life and relationships. I believe that a deepened and thoughtful understanding of the self offers the possibility of new choices and healthy choices that can enhance personal peace and contentment.
I have clinical expertise in: depression, anxiety, grief and loss (including perinatal loss), sexual trauma, relationship dysfunction, medical illness issues (including infertility), eating disorders and women's issues.
"There are just some times in life when it can often help to talk." I have twenty-five years of experience in providing psychotherapy to individuals, couples and older adolescents. Talking and working in a therapeutic relationship can be an opportunity to identify issues, thoughts and behaviors that may cause distress for someone in their life and relationships. I believe that a deepened and thoughtful understanding of the self offers the possibility of new choices and healthy choices that can enhance personal peace and contentment.
(248) 639-4892 View (248) 639-4892
Photo of Erica Saran, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erica Saran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milford, MI 48381
I have training and experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, couples (including non-monogamy), families, children and teens, substance use, mood disorders, co-occurring disorders, grief, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (including infertility and miscarriage) and life transitions.
My goal as a therapist is to help others learn about and understand their issues in a safe and open environment. Seeking out help can be scary and stressful, and my hope is to make people feel comfortable addressing their needs without feeling judged. Therapy is a unique and personal experience, and I provide empathy, active listening, and various interventions to match each person’s needs and goals. I use a mixture of therapeutic techniques to help individuals identify the issues they would like to focus on and to develop goals. I believe goal setting and providing tools to cope are imperative to success in therapy.
I have training and experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, couples (including non-monogamy), families, children and teens, substance use, mood disorders, co-occurring disorders, grief, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (including infertility and miscarriage) and life transitions.
My goal as a therapist is to help others learn about and understand their issues in a safe and open environment. Seeking out help can be scary and stressful, and my hope is to make people feel comfortable addressing their needs without feeling judged. Therapy is a unique and personal experience, and I provide empathy, active listening, and various interventions to match each person’s needs and goals. I use a mixture of therapeutic techniques to help individuals identify the issues they would like to focus on and to develop goals. I believe goal setting and providing tools to cope are imperative to success in therapy.
(248) 290-9749 View (248) 290-9749

See more therapy options for South Lyon

Infertility Therapists

How can infertility affect couples and their relationship?

Clients who are dealing with infertility may experience conflict and communication problems. It’s not unusual for shame, blame, and guilt to arise in cases of infertility, whether the source of the problem is one partner or both. This means that clients are upset and pulling away from their partner just when they need them the most. Some clients may find it difficult to spend time around friends and family who are pregnant. Friends and family can also make hurtful comments that increase tension during this time.

How does therapy for infertility issues work?

The therapist will begin by gathering information about the client or couple and make a treatment plan for their specific concerns. In addition to addressing common mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma reactions or PTSD, therapists can help clients improve their decision-making and deal with stressors unique to infertility. Some examples include coping with the “two-week wait” before a pregnancy test, the distress associated with a failed attempt or miscarriage, and the shame and blame sometimes associated with reproductive concerns.

What type of therapy is best for infertility issues?

Many therapists offer psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are dealing with infertility issues. Some helpful therapeutic approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which can aid clients in reframing negative thoughts about their situation. Expressive writing and art therapy can help clients process difficult feelings. Clients might also benefit from group therapy to experience support from others who are dealing with the same problems.

How long does therapy for infertility issues take?

There is no set length for therapy that addresses infertility or reproductive concerns. Some clients might find it helpful to continue therapy during their pregnancy to have healthy ways to cope with any associated stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma. Some clients who decide not to pursue fertility treatments might benefit from the support of a therapist. The duration of therapy varies depending on the individual client’s specific needs and goals.