Therapists in Saint Joseph, MI
![Photo of Dillan Koch, LMSW, NASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/56ea3645-358b-4c35-99ce-018442df102b/2/320x400.jpeg)
Dillan Koch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, NASW
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Not accepting new clients
What if teens and young adults could be seen as capable and wise? What would happen if we quieted ourselves just enough to let them teach us how to better understand their unique selves? What would it look like if every person was given a safe space to sort through hardships instead of burying them?
What if teens and young adults could be seen as capable and wise? What would happen if we quieted ourselves just enough to let them teach us how to better understand their unique selves? What would it look like if every person was given a safe space to sort through hardships instead of burying them?
![Photo of Eli Sanchez, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3134bc91-2ee4-4110-9d6b-23c5c2497be1/1/320x400.jpeg)
Eli Sanchez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Joseph, MI 49085 (Online Only)
Reaching out can be the most challenging task to engage in. Constant changes and life transitions can leave us feeling disconnected and overwhelmed. Relationships can feel strained with our partners, friends, family and even ourselves. Creating space to navigate these life impacts is one way I seek to help clients.
Reaching out can be the most challenging task to engage in. Constant changes and life transitions can leave us feeling disconnected and overwhelmed. Relationships can feel strained with our partners, friends, family and even ourselves. Creating space to navigate these life impacts is one way I seek to help clients.
![Photo of Stephanie Slye, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/44c38a82-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Slye received her undergraduate degree from Michigan State University (2001) and her doctorate in clinical psychology from The George Washington University (2005). She completed her pre-doctoral internship with the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute and her post-doctoral fellowship with The Metropolitan Center for Mental Health in New York City. Dr. Slye follows a patient-centered approach to help address patient concerns and achieve individual growth. She uses a modern ego psychology approach integrated with complementary methodologies and techniques to offer personalized care.
Dr. Slye received her undergraduate degree from Michigan State University (2001) and her doctorate in clinical psychology from The George Washington University (2005). She completed her pre-doctoral internship with the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute and her post-doctoral fellowship with The Metropolitan Center for Mental Health in New York City. Dr. Slye follows a patient-centered approach to help address patient concerns and achieve individual growth. She uses a modern ego psychology approach integrated with complementary methodologies and techniques to offer personalized care.
![Photo of Benjamin Cowe - Mindful Foundations Counseling PLLC, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/59892b21-9460-476c-80e7-87ca5b5576a8/2/320x400.jpeg)
Mindful Foundations Counseling PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
For those who are curious to learn more confident and skillful ways to navigate life's many dimensions, I can provide the support they seek. I foster a safe and comfortable environment for clients to explore their inner and interpersonal lives, allowing clients to discover areas for healing and growth. I primarily work with adolescents and adults on an individual basis, but I will also meet with families and couples in select cases. I closely collaborate with clients to tailor a plan to each person's specific needs and goals.
For those who are curious to learn more confident and skillful ways to navigate life's many dimensions, I can provide the support they seek. I foster a safe and comfortable environment for clients to explore their inner and interpersonal lives, allowing clients to discover areas for healing and growth. I primarily work with adolescents and adults on an individual basis, but I will also meet with families and couples in select cases. I closely collaborate with clients to tailor a plan to each person's specific needs and goals.
![Photo of Deborah Webb, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4001d449-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
It takes courage to ask for help during a difficult time. Many of us are used to carrying our challenges alone, or we worry about burdening our loved ones. I want to encourage you that we all need connection and support when facing hard circumstances. Counseling can be a very helpful step in making change or finding healing in your life. For over 15 years I have had the honor of partnering with teens and adults as they work through relationship issues, depression, anxiety, body image concerns, substance abuse issues, grief or trauma.
It takes courage to ask for help during a difficult time. Many of us are used to carrying our challenges alone, or we worry about burdening our loved ones. I want to encourage you that we all need connection and support when facing hard circumstances. Counseling can be a very helpful step in making change or finding healing in your life. For over 15 years I have had the honor of partnering with teens and adults as they work through relationship issues, depression, anxiety, body image concerns, substance abuse issues, grief or trauma.
![Photo of Megan Hines, MEd, LPC, EXAT, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f64c6832-1044-4c0e-a0fd-749d142f5b4f/4/320x400.jpeg)
Megan Hines
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, EXAT
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
I help adolescent and adult women nurture their inner wisdom to forge their own paths, using creativity as the map of the journey home. My clients have found, despite being smart, kind, and deeply hardworking, life can be overwhelming. Whether it's parenting, academic or athletic performances, or even making career decisions, you may notice you never feel good enough and are constantly striving, leaving you feeling less and less yourself every day. Through simple creative exercises, I can help you reconnect with your true self, regain your confidence, and reclaim your joy. I would be honored to support you in your journey.
I help adolescent and adult women nurture their inner wisdom to forge their own paths, using creativity as the map of the journey home. My clients have found, despite being smart, kind, and deeply hardworking, life can be overwhelming. Whether it's parenting, academic or athletic performances, or even making career decisions, you may notice you never feel good enough and are constantly striving, leaving you feeling less and less yourself every day. Through simple creative exercises, I can help you reconnect with your true self, regain your confidence, and reclaim your joy. I would be honored to support you in your journey.
![Photo of Shade Murray, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e05c503b-df4e-4c67-bfc8-8c3c76da8609/2/320x400.jpeg)
My goal is to provide you with a straightforward, enriching therapy experience that results in meaningful change. I've helped people improve their marriage or family relationships, thrive in their schooling or career, and cope with anxiety, depression or past trauma. I believe that clients who get the most out of therapy are reflective, curious, honest, patient, and kind to themselves as they navigate the path to self-improvement. My approach is informed by psychological theory as well as two decades of working as a creative professional and university instructor. My style works best with adults and late adolescents (16+).
My goal is to provide you with a straightforward, enriching therapy experience that results in meaningful change. I've helped people improve their marriage or family relationships, thrive in their schooling or career, and cope with anxiety, depression or past trauma. I believe that clients who get the most out of therapy are reflective, curious, honest, patient, and kind to themselves as they navigate the path to self-improvement. My approach is informed by psychological theory as well as two decades of working as a creative professional and university instructor. My style works best with adults and late adolescents (16+).
![Photo of Richard D Koch, MA](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bb85a6f5-9a24-4844-8b3d-a68fd0820aef/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have over 35 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. Throughout my experience, I have found that, no matter what therapeutic approach is used, the most important and effective factor in therapy is the relationship between the therapist and the client. Many of my clients have expressed appreciation for not feeling judged. I find that listening is critical to helpfulness, but being actively involved through feedback and direction is also extremely important. I generally do not give "advice", but I do explore, with my clients, different options to resolving problems and making progress toward goals.
I have over 35 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. Throughout my experience, I have found that, no matter what therapeutic approach is used, the most important and effective factor in therapy is the relationship between the therapist and the client. Many of my clients have expressed appreciation for not feeling judged. I find that listening is critical to helpfulness, but being actively involved through feedback and direction is also extremely important. I generally do not give "advice", but I do explore, with my clients, different options to resolving problems and making progress toward goals.
![Photo of Dr. Christiana Oliveira Atkins, PhD, LPC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/71302d0d-3864-420e-9be2-2afa61220ad5/3/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Christiana Oliveira Atkins
Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
The decision to work with a therapist can seem overwhelming. I strive to create a collaborative environment to deal with past issues, current stressors, and to help you outline your future goals. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, self-esteem, depression, or other concerns, I provide a trusting relationship, in a judgement free atmosphere, to promote health and wellbeing.
The decision to work with a therapist can seem overwhelming. I strive to create a collaborative environment to deal with past issues, current stressors, and to help you outline your future goals. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, self-esteem, depression, or other concerns, I provide a trusting relationship, in a judgement free atmosphere, to promote health and wellbeing.
John Whitfield Wells
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
The Psychologists and Social Workers at Family Empowerment Services of Berrien County specialize with individual and group therapy for troubled youth and concerned parents based on parental or court request. Our therapists work with adults who are looking to improve their lives, seeking help with difficult issues, and looking to manage life’s inevitable stresses. Our way forward is to assist clients in identifying misunderstood and misapplied behaviors and values so often harmful to self, family and society in order to develop positive mindsets that can lead to responsible, productive, and satisfying lives.
The Psychologists and Social Workers at Family Empowerment Services of Berrien County specialize with individual and group therapy for troubled youth and concerned parents based on parental or court request. Our therapists work with adults who are looking to improve their lives, seeking help with difficult issues, and looking to manage life’s inevitable stresses. Our way forward is to assist clients in identifying misunderstood and misapplied behaviors and values so often harmful to self, family and society in order to develop positive mindsets that can lead to responsible, productive, and satisfying lives.
![Photo of Edwin R. Vergara-Mego - Donarski Center for Mental Health Counseling, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3894204d-1f3d-4cc4-985f-05aa263ff8a4/1/320x400.jpeg)
Donarski Center for Mental Health Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Donarski Center for Mental Health Counseling is ready to get you back on track to a healthier, happier you! Our private group practice offers residents of Southwest Michigan opportunities to engage in traditional and online (telehealth) services with an office location in St. Joseph. We are a diverse team of professional providers with a wide range of training and specialties
Donarski Center for Mental Health Counseling is ready to get you back on track to a healthier, happier you! Our private group practice offers residents of Southwest Michigan opportunities to engage in traditional and online (telehealth) services with an office location in St. Joseph. We are a diverse team of professional providers with a wide range of training and specialties
15 Second Videos
Dillan Koch
Hayley Sanchez
Mary Insalaco
Yulian A. Tinoco
Melissa Buddie
Deb Gritter
![Photo of Christopher Contardo, PhD, ABPP-CN, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/11d9f3cc-4c90-4313-b670-e4ed499a2ab5/3/320x400.jpeg)
Christopher Contardo
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Not accepting new clients
As a neuropsychologist, Dr. Contardo provides clinical and forensic evaluations and has specific training and expertise in the assessment and diagnosis of stroke syndromes, concussions, neurodegenerative disorders and dementia, attentional disorder, aphasic syndromes, disability evaluations, and post-concussion syndromes. Dr. Contardo also provides patient centered psychotherapy from a psychodynamic orientation and focuses on helping clients who are struggling with intense emotional reactions and difficult interpersonal relationships.
As a neuropsychologist, Dr. Contardo provides clinical and forensic evaluations and has specific training and expertise in the assessment and diagnosis of stroke syndromes, concussions, neurodegenerative disorders and dementia, attentional disorder, aphasic syndromes, disability evaluations, and post-concussion syndromes. Dr. Contardo also provides patient centered psychotherapy from a psychodynamic orientation and focuses on helping clients who are struggling with intense emotional reactions and difficult interpersonal relationships.
![Photo of Patricia Dorsey, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cb4da9a-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Patricia Dorsey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Not accepting new clients
During my thirty five years of practice, I have gained experience and insight into helping clients. I provide counseling and psychotherapy services in a confidential and professional setting for couples and individuals. My practice focus is on couples therapy and relationship issues. I also work with individuals in the treatment of anxiety, depression and parenting.
During my thirty five years of practice, I have gained experience and insight into helping clients. I provide counseling and psychotherapy services in a confidential and professional setting for couples and individuals. My practice focus is on couples therapy and relationship issues. I also work with individuals in the treatment of anxiety, depression and parenting.
![Photo of Hayley Sanchez, MS, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ff9275ca-149d-441f-9861-96f91def0447/1/320x400.jpeg)
Being pregnant and having a baby can be a time of great joy and excitement. It can also be a time where other emotions come to the surface - sadness, overwhelm, anxiety, depression, and rage. This is more common than we may think as 1 in 5 women will experience a perinatal mood and anxiety disorder. Motherhood was not meant to be lived and experienced on your own. Having someone who understands as a mother and therapist can help you to feel like yourself again.
Being pregnant and having a baby can be a time of great joy and excitement. It can also be a time where other emotions come to the surface - sadness, overwhelm, anxiety, depression, and rage. This is more common than we may think as 1 in 5 women will experience a perinatal mood and anxiety disorder. Motherhood was not meant to be lived and experienced on your own. Having someone who understands as a mother and therapist can help you to feel like yourself again.
![Photo of Samuel Lewin, MA, LLPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4ca56f51-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
You have taken a huge first step– recognizing that you have something you would like to work through and wanting to do so with the help of a therapist. I aim to cater therapy towards your unique and individual needs.
You have taken a huge first step– recognizing that you have something you would like to work through and wanting to do so with the help of a therapist. I aim to cater therapy towards your unique and individual needs.
![Photo of Amante Gonzalez, LPC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3a060642-29ce-4cd8-81c8-9b6a209ffd1f/4/320x400.jpeg)
Reaching out for support is the first step! Past experiences of trauma and adversity can result in feeling shame and guilt, having difficulty in maintaining relationships, and having a hard time managing what you feel. Therapy is a safe space to insight into what you're experiencing and explore effective ways to cope and change.
Reaching out for support is the first step! Past experiences of trauma and adversity can result in feeling shame and guilt, having difficulty in maintaining relationships, and having a hard time managing what you feel. Therapy is a safe space to insight into what you're experiencing and explore effective ways to cope and change.
![Photo of Margo Runkle, MA, JD, Limited Licensed Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c75d6da-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/5/320x400.jpeg)
Margo Runkle
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, JD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Not accepting new clients
Are you trying to cope with a painful life event? Struggling with anxiety, depression or a difficult relationship? Is anger an emotion that seems to control you? These and other issues can interfere with living a full, rewarding life.I My goal is to help you discover a renewed sense of energy and faith in your power to improve your life and meet your personal and relationship goals.
Are you trying to cope with a painful life event? Struggling with anxiety, depression or a difficult relationship? Is anger an emotion that seems to control you? These and other issues can interfere with living a full, rewarding life.I My goal is to help you discover a renewed sense of energy and faith in your power to improve your life and meet your personal and relationship goals.
![Photo of Nadine Catherine Milham, MS,, LLPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9ec6f833-e8d6-455e-b562-8e8dcf4db61e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Nadine Catherine Milham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS,, LLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Nadine C Milham MS, LLPC has worked in the Social Service and Therapy Field for over 25 years. She earned Bachelors degrees in both Sociology and Political Science, and a Masters of Science in Mental Health Counseling. She was a Service Learning Scholar and a Hinkley intern in Washington DC.
Nadine C Milham MS, LLPC has worked in the Social Service and Therapy Field for over 25 years. She earned Bachelors degrees in both Sociology and Political Science, and a Masters of Science in Mental Health Counseling. She was a Service Learning Scholar and a Hinkley intern in Washington DC.
![Photo of Laura Rohde, LCSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6d7b06d3-22f6-424b-9d13-cf40a67058d5/2/320x400.jpeg)
Laura Rohde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
I have been privileged to work alongside people as they dig for the unseen gold within themselves. I believe in helping you validate that your story matters. I use a variety of modalities including EMDR (Eye Movement Desentization Reprocessing), Coaching tools and The Core Gift. This process equips you to uncover past traumas and other barriers so that you can be free to create the life you never thought was possible. The metamorphosis that unfolds is miraculous and exciting. I believe everyone has what they need inside of themselves and that I am just a guide along the way.
I have been privileged to work alongside people as they dig for the unseen gold within themselves. I believe in helping you validate that your story matters. I use a variety of modalities including EMDR (Eye Movement Desentization Reprocessing), Coaching tools and The Core Gift. This process equips you to uncover past traumas and other barriers so that you can be free to create the life you never thought was possible. The metamorphosis that unfolds is miraculous and exciting. I believe everyone has what they need inside of themselves and that I am just a guide along the way.
![Photo of Andrew R Mahler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/611b5345-b011-44f0-b978-cbeeb7599544/1/320x400.jpeg)
Andrew R Mahler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, MI 49085
Not accepting new clients
You are facing a number of matters in your life, and things might feel like they are hopeless or there is no clear path forward. The things you used to enjoy don't have the same effect as they used to, and you aren't exactly sure why. You may worry about the outcome of your choices and decisions, and are not sure what happens next. Life may feel overwhelming, and at the end of the day you are questioning how you got here and where you go from this moment. You need someone in your corner who understands, listens, and can help you move forward.
You are facing a number of matters in your life, and things might feel like they are hopeless or there is no clear path forward. The things you used to enjoy don't have the same effect as they used to, and you aren't exactly sure why. You may worry about the outcome of your choices and decisions, and are not sure what happens next. Life may feel overwhelming, and at the end of the day you are questioning how you got here and where you go from this moment. You need someone in your corner who understands, listens, and can help you move forward.
See more therapy options for Saint Joseph
Nearby Searches for Saint Joseph
- Benton Harbor
- Berrien Springs
- Bridgman
- Buchanan
- Coloma
- Gobles
- Mattawan
- New Buffalo
- Niles
- Paw Paw
- South Haven
- Stevensville
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Saint Joseph, MI
60+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Saint Joseph, MI who prioritize treating:
89% | Depression |
87% | Anxiety |
79% | Relationship Issues |
77% | Self Esteem |
73% | Stress |
68% | Coping Skills |
66% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
12 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
90% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
76% | Aetna |
57% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Saint Joseph, MI see their clients
80% | In Person and Online | |
20% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
71% | Female | |
28% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Saint Joseph?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.