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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Melissa LaCharite, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa LaCharite
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Mattawan, MI 49071
Waitlist for new clients
I primarily work with children, adolescents, and families. Many of my clients have struggled with life transitions, symptoms of anxiety, depression symptoms, and social skills. Parents are invited to come to sessions to support skills inside and outside the counseling session. Collaborating with the family supports allows for skill acquisition and client empowerment.
I primarily work with children, adolescents, and families. Many of my clients have struggled with life transitions, symptoms of anxiety, depression symptoms, and social skills. Parents are invited to come to sessions to support skills inside and outside the counseling session. Collaborating with the family supports allows for skill acquisition and client empowerment.
(269) 215-5637 View (269) 215-5637
Photo of Kimberly Jermyn, LMSW-C
Kimberly Jermyn
Master Social Worker, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Mattawan, MI 49071
I work with children and young adults who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, academic stress, social difficulties, or family issues. I work to provide a safe and supportive environment where they can express themselves, build resilience, and develop healthy coping skills. My client's goals may include improving self-esteem, managing emotions, building positive relationships, and achieving academic success. I will provide a space where they feel understood, empowered, and equipped with tools to navigate life's ups and downs. Ultimately, empowering those I work with to thrive and reach their full potential.
I work with children and young adults who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, academic stress, social difficulties, or family issues. I work to provide a safe and supportive environment where they can express themselves, build resilience, and develop healthy coping skills. My client's goals may include improving self-esteem, managing emotions, building positive relationships, and achieving academic success. I will provide a space where they feel understood, empowered, and equipped with tools to navigate life's ups and downs. Ultimately, empowering those I work with to thrive and reach their full potential.
(269) 241-9310 View (269) 241-9310
Photo of Kaley Ford, LLPC, LLMFT, Counselor
Kaley Ford
Counselor, LLPC, LLMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gobles, MI 49055
I am a Limited Licensed Counselor, and a Limited Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have over 5 years of experience working with individuals from various backgrounds. I work with clients age 13 and up and specialize in anxiety disorders, trauma, creating healthy boundaries, and marriage, couple, and family therapy.
I am a Limited Licensed Counselor, and a Limited Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have over 5 years of experience working with individuals from various backgrounds. I work with clients age 13 and up and specialize in anxiety disorders, trauma, creating healthy boundaries, and marriage, couple, and family therapy.
(269) 248-7531 View (269) 248-7531

Online Therapists

Photo of Liz Campbell, LMSW, RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liz Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, RYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ada, MI 49301
Hi there! I began working in human services 10 years ago and have worked extensively with survivors of sexual assault, incest, domestic violence, and child abuse. I specialize in working with individuals and children who have experienced trauma, abuse, neglect, life transitions, housing instability, anxiety, and depression. I primarily use somatic interventions, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, yoga, play therapy, art interventions, parts work, DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) skills, and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) in sessions with my clients.
Hi there! I began working in human services 10 years ago and have worked extensively with survivors of sexual assault, incest, domestic violence, and child abuse. I specialize in working with individuals and children who have experienced trauma, abuse, neglect, life transitions, housing instability, anxiety, and depression. I primarily use somatic interventions, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, yoga, play therapy, art interventions, parts work, DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) skills, and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) in sessions with my clients.
(616) 512-2052 View (616) 512-2052
Photo of Jennifer Jensen, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Jensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
I specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation/self-harm, grief/loss, and trauma.
As parents, we can feel overwhelmed by the task of raising successful, happy children and life these days sure doesn't make it any easier. My goal as a therapist is to provide kids, teens, and adults with tools to not only heal, but to thrive.
I specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation/self-harm, grief/loss, and trauma.
As parents, we can feel overwhelmed by the task of raising successful, happy children and life these days sure doesn't make it any easier. My goal as a therapist is to provide kids, teens, and adults with tools to not only heal, but to thrive.
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Photo of John R Cantu, MA, LLPC, Counselor
John R Cantu
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
East Lansing, MI 48823
I empower individuals, couples and families to overcome personal obstacles. Building cohesiveness and structure to move forward in relationships and in life. My experience in Corporate America gives me the edge to work with individuals who want to improve their careers or just need to get that next promotion. I work with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, ADHD, Bipolar, Personality Disorders and OTHER mental health concerns. Adolescents and children who struggle with bullies or just find school as difficult. I also work with adolescents and adults with substance abuse concerns, addiction, and I also perform crisis intervention.
I empower individuals, couples and families to overcome personal obstacles. Building cohesiveness and structure to move forward in relationships and in life. My experience in Corporate America gives me the edge to work with individuals who want to improve their careers or just need to get that next promotion. I work with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, ADHD, Bipolar, Personality Disorders and OTHER mental health concerns. Adolescents and children who struggle with bullies or just find school as difficult. I also work with adolescents and adults with substance abuse concerns, addiction, and I also perform crisis intervention.
(517) 940-8003 View (517) 940-8003
Photo of Nathanael Stephens - Lifepoint Counseling, PhD, LP, LPC, Psychologist
Lifepoint Counseling
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911
I have experience working with anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship problems, and sleep disorders.
As a compassionate therapist, I specialize in grief, PTSD, anxiety, bipolar disorders, sleep disorders, and occupational burnout. With a Ph.D. in psychology, I have expertise in anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship problems, and sleep disorders. I am fluent in American Sign Language, providing direct therapy to Deaf and Hard of Hearing populations. Choose me as your therapist for personalized support in overcoming challenges and fostering resilience.
I have experience working with anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship problems, and sleep disorders.
As a compassionate therapist, I specialize in grief, PTSD, anxiety, bipolar disorders, sleep disorders, and occupational burnout. With a Ph.D. in psychology, I have expertise in anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship problems, and sleep disorders. I am fluent in American Sign Language, providing direct therapy to Deaf and Hard of Hearing populations. Choose me as your therapist for personalized support in overcoming challenges and fostering resilience.
(517) 201-2942 View (517) 201-2942
Photo of Erin M Parcell, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin M Parcell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Okemos, MI 48864
Waitlist for new clients
I have supported people with childhood concerns such as ADHD, bullying, family, and trauma through concerns into adulthood such as stress management, depression/anxiety, life changes, grief, relationships, and trauma/PTSD.
Life is full of many challenges and we all need a community of support to navigate it. I want to be part of that community for you. During the course of our strenuous daily lives, it's often difficult to find time to devote to invest in yourself. Worse, when new demands arrive unexpectedly, it can feel like that time is the easiest thing to sacrifice. When we work together, in a safe, open, strength-based environment, that investment will be our only focus, free from competition by any other demand. You will guide your experience from beginning to end.
I have supported people with childhood concerns such as ADHD, bullying, family, and trauma through concerns into adulthood such as stress management, depression/anxiety, life changes, grief, relationships, and trauma/PTSD.
Life is full of many challenges and we all need a community of support to navigate it. I want to be part of that community for you. During the course of our strenuous daily lives, it's often difficult to find time to devote to invest in yourself. Worse, when new demands arrive unexpectedly, it can feel like that time is the easiest thing to sacrifice. When we work together, in a safe, open, strength-based environment, that investment will be our only focus, free from competition by any other demand. You will guide your experience from beginning to end.
(517) 343-1796 View (517) 343-1796
Photo of Corena L Herder, MA, LPC, Counselor
Corena L Herder
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Jackson, MI 49203  (Online Only)
Corena has been working in the social service field for 20 years and, in that time, has had the opportunity to assist individuals experiencing a variety of mental health concerns, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, as well as with those individuals presenting with substance abuse disorders and those on the spectrum of autistic disorders.
Corena Herder is a Licensed Professional Counselor, providing therapeutic services through Jackson Healing Clinic, LLC. She has experience working with adults, adolescents, and children.
Corena has been working in the social service field for 20 years and, in that time, has had the opportunity to assist individuals experiencing a variety of mental health concerns, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, as well as with those individuals presenting with substance abuse disorders and those on the spectrum of autistic disorders.
Corena Herder is a Licensed Professional Counselor, providing therapeutic services through Jackson Healing Clinic, LLC. She has experience working with adults, adolescents, and children.
(517) 657-8612 View (517) 657-8612
Photo of Health For Life Grand Rapids - Trauma Informed Counseling Center of Grand Rapids , LPC, LMSW, LMFT, LLP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Trauma Informed Counseling Center of Grand Rapids
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMSW, LMFT, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Our therapists are skilled in working with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, and life transitions. No matter what you’re facing, we are here to support you on your journey towards healing and growth. We offer a welcoming and non-judgmental environment where you can feel safe to explore your thoughts and emotions. Our goal is to help you develop the skills and insights needed to navigate life’s challenges and find greater happiness and fulfillment.
Our therapists are skilled in working with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, and life transitions. No matter what you’re facing, we are here to support you on your journey towards healing and growth. We offer a welcoming and non-judgmental environment where you can feel safe to explore your thoughts and emotions. Our goal is to help you develop the skills and insights needed to navigate life’s challenges and find greater happiness and fulfillment.
(616) 202-5246 View (616) 202-5246
Photo of Lauren DeRoo, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren DeRoo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
Currently accepting clients! Our story matters. Life is full of twists and turns that can create baggage (Trauma, Family conflict, Stress & Anxiety, Depression, Unexpected life circumstances & Changes, Life Transition & Growing pains) amongst the beauty of your life. We all have flaws. But we need to accept that we are worth loving and worthy of hope and healing. This starts with unpacking your story, and finding your truth in the process. It is my honor to walk along side you, assisting in this process of healing and gaining strength within your story and life. FYI- I am walking distance from Hope College!
Currently accepting clients! Our story matters. Life is full of twists and turns that can create baggage (Trauma, Family conflict, Stress & Anxiety, Depression, Unexpected life circumstances & Changes, Life Transition & Growing pains) amongst the beauty of your life. We all have flaws. But we need to accept that we are worth loving and worthy of hope and healing. This starts with unpacking your story, and finding your truth in the process. It is my honor to walk along side you, assisting in this process of healing and gaining strength within your story and life. FYI- I am walking distance from Hope College!
(616) 208-5611 View (616) 208-5611
Photo of Charles E Grayson, PhD, Psychologist
Charles E Grayson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Psychotherapy can help you with worries, anxiety, depression, and troubled relationships. I can assist you in becoming more constructive in your approach to life; you will discover in treatment abilities that you posess but that you might not even have known about which, when they are known to you, help you to be in a stronger position to feel more confidence and comfort dealing with the challenging aspects of your life. My therapeutic method consists of a process of problem solving with a focus on exploring ones thinking, imagining, feeling and experiencing.
Psychotherapy can help you with worries, anxiety, depression, and troubled relationships. I can assist you in becoming more constructive in your approach to life; you will discover in treatment abilities that you posess but that you might not even have known about which, when they are known to you, help you to be in a stronger position to feel more confidence and comfort dealing with the challenging aspects of your life. My therapeutic method consists of a process of problem solving with a focus on exploring ones thinking, imagining, feeling and experiencing.
(616) 365-5000 View (616) 365-5000
Photo of Nancy Lonsberry, RPT-S, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Nancy Lonsberry
Limited Licensed Psychologist, RPT-S, LLP
Verified Verified
Jackson, MI 49202
Nancy is a Limited Licensed Psychologist and a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor with over 30 years of experience working with children, adults and families. She has experience in providing treatment for many issues including childhood trauma, sexual abuse, behavioral problems, parent-child relationships, attachment, foster care and adoption, child development, attention deficit disorders, autism, stress management, anger management, anxiety, depression, and other emotional impairments.
Nancy is a Limited Licensed Psychologist and a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor with over 30 years of experience working with children, adults and families. She has experience in providing treatment for many issues including childhood trauma, sexual abuse, behavioral problems, parent-child relationships, attachment, foster care and adoption, child development, attention deficit disorders, autism, stress management, anger management, anxiety, depression, and other emotional impairments.
(517) 459-0033 View (517) 459-0033
Photo of Cheryl Rosenbaum, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Cheryl Rosenbaum
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Battle Creek, MI 49014
I enjoy working with young children, teens, young adults & families. Many of my clients have struggled with issues like anxiety, depression, self injury, social skills, parenting, adoption, & adjusting to new situations. Parents/caregivers are welcome to join sessions if they desire (as clinically appropriate) as a way to learn skills along with their child/family. This helps support the skills learned within sessions & outside of sessions, when at home & in the community. This empowers the client & family & helps everyone feel like they are mastering the skills learned in sessions. I am supervised by a licensed PHD.
I enjoy working with young children, teens, young adults & families. Many of my clients have struggled with issues like anxiety, depression, self injury, social skills, parenting, adoption, & adjusting to new situations. Parents/caregivers are welcome to join sessions if they desire (as clinically appropriate) as a way to learn skills along with their child/family. This helps support the skills learned within sessions & outside of sessions, when at home & in the community. This empowers the client & family & helps everyone feel like they are mastering the skills learned in sessions. I am supervised by a licensed PHD.
(269) 924-0107 View (269) 924-0107
Photo of Tracy A Zavala, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tracy A Zavala
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockford, MI 49341
We all have times when we need help with getting through the challenges of life. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, other mental health concerns; or perhaps parenting a child with emotional and behavioral concerns, I am glad to help. I have twenty plus years of experience working with individuals and families in settings including: partial hospitalization, preschool, juvenile court, adolescent residential treatment, nonprofit organizations and community mental health. Contact me to discuss your needs and how I may best assist you, or your child/family.
We all have times when we need help with getting through the challenges of life. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, other mental health concerns; or perhaps parenting a child with emotional and behavioral concerns, I am glad to help. I have twenty plus years of experience working with individuals and families in settings including: partial hospitalization, preschool, juvenile court, adolescent residential treatment, nonprofit organizations and community mental health. Contact me to discuss your needs and how I may best assist you, or your child/family.
(616) 414-3186 View (616) 414-3186
Photo of Brad Winthrop Wood, LCSW, LAADC
Brad Winthrop Wood
Master Social Worker, LCSW, LAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hudson, MI 49247
I have been a practicing therapist since 1998. I have experience with children and adults and strive to provide the best possible clinical experience to all of my clients. I have expertise in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy. If asked how I would describe my clinical perspective I would say that I practice Depth Psychology. I work with families and couples in addition to individual psychotherapy. I have expertise in Addiction, Trauma, Depression, Anxiety as well as other areas. Please contact me if you have questions on how I could provide the best experience in therapy for you.
I have been a practicing therapist since 1998. I have experience with children and adults and strive to provide the best possible clinical experience to all of my clients. I have expertise in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy. If asked how I would describe my clinical perspective I would say that I practice Depth Psychology. I work with families and couples in addition to individual psychotherapy. I have expertise in Addiction, Trauma, Depression, Anxiety as well as other areas. Please contact me if you have questions on how I could provide the best experience in therapy for you.
(517) 639-1744 View (517) 639-1744
Photo of James Love, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James Love
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma are not permanent conditions; let's work together to feel better again.
If you are someone looking for a open-minded therapist with a great deal of life experience across multiple states and decades, then you are in the right place. As a therapist who has had two different careers in the past, I work to speak your language and not clinical-speak. For adults, I work with both men and women going through a variety of issues. I have a particular expertise working with men dealing with life transitions, relationship troubles, identity & masculinity, addictions, anger, and sexual troubles. I have great deal of empathy for women as well and enjoy helping women through difficulties in life.
Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma are not permanent conditions; let's work together to feel better again.
If you are someone looking for a open-minded therapist with a great deal of life experience across multiple states and decades, then you are in the right place. As a therapist who has had two different careers in the past, I work to speak your language and not clinical-speak. For adults, I work with both men and women going through a variety of issues. I have a particular expertise working with men dealing with life transitions, relationship troubles, identity & masculinity, addictions, anger, and sexual troubles. I have great deal of empathy for women as well and enjoy helping women through difficulties in life.
(616) 528-9451 View (616) 528-9451
Photo of Renee Batt, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Batt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Hillsdale, MI 49242
I have experience in working with anger, trauma issues, domestic violence, loss and bereavement, relationship issues, parenting support, mental health issues including depression, anxiety and thought disorders, as well as with self-esteem and adjustment disorders.
I am a licensed Social Worker with over 30 years of experience. My private office is in Hillsdale where I enjoy working with adults and children. I believe that healing occurs through a combination of inner and relational processes that encourage increased self-awareness, honesty, and acceptance. I provide an empowering environment that will encourage growth and improve peoples lives. It is my philosophy that it is you that are the expert on you. I can help you uncover the answers that will help you move forward in a positive, healthy way.
I have experience in working with anger, trauma issues, domestic violence, loss and bereavement, relationship issues, parenting support, mental health issues including depression, anxiety and thought disorders, as well as with self-esteem and adjustment disorders.
I am a licensed Social Worker with over 30 years of experience. My private office is in Hillsdale where I enjoy working with adults and children. I believe that healing occurs through a combination of inner and relational processes that encourage increased self-awareness, honesty, and acceptance. I provide an empowering environment that will encourage growth and improve peoples lives. It is my philosophy that it is you that are the expert on you. I can help you uncover the answers that will help you move forward in a positive, healthy way.
(517) 220-0675 View (517) 220-0675
Photo of Amy Lynn Ver Wey, MA, LLP, RPT, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Amy Lynn Ver Wey
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP, RPT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Waitlist for new clients
Amy focuses on treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, frustration intolerance and working with the LGBTQ community.
Amy (she/her) practices an active and interpersonal approach to therapy, incorporating mindfulness, popular culture, art, music, role playing games and technological aspects to modify her treatment on an individualized basis to best meet the needs of her clients. Amy identifies as a queer therapist and strives to create a genuinely warm and inclusive therapeutic environment based upon empathy, resiliency and a relatable atmosphere to help normalize mental health services.
Amy focuses on treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, frustration intolerance and working with the LGBTQ community.
Amy (she/her) practices an active and interpersonal approach to therapy, incorporating mindfulness, popular culture, art, music, role playing games and technological aspects to modify her treatment on an individualized basis to best meet the needs of her clients. Amy identifies as a queer therapist and strives to create a genuinely warm and inclusive therapeutic environment based upon empathy, resiliency and a relatable atmosphere to help normalize mental health services.
(219) 979-6696 View (219) 979-6696
Photo of Paige Pung, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paige Pung
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Jackson, MI 49202
Paige has experience working with individuals of various ages and backgrounds, including those seeking treatment for depression, anxiety, life adjustments, relationship issues, anger issues, grief, loss, and trauma. Paige values a strength-based, person-centered approach to therapy. She believes that every person has strengths and the potential to grow, meet their goals, and regain control in their life. She frequently applies Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to treatment, helping clients challenge their thinking and improve emotional regulation.
Paige has experience working with individuals of various ages and backgrounds, including those seeking treatment for depression, anxiety, life adjustments, relationship issues, anger issues, grief, loss, and trauma. Paige values a strength-based, person-centered approach to therapy. She believes that every person has strengths and the potential to grow, meet their goals, and regain control in their life. She frequently applies Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to treatment, helping clients challenge their thinking and improve emotional regulation.
(517) 994-1499 View (517) 994-1499

See more therapy options for Paw

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.