Depression Therapists in Oak Park, MI

Photo of Ross B Herner, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ross B Herner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
I am here for clients dealing with a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, relationship issues, confidence, and more. I am here to meet clients wherever they are at and to work in a collaborative style to help clients obtain their goals. In therapy, I want you to know that I’m really listening. No two people are identical. Your unique feelings and experiences deserve to be explored and processed in a safe way. I care about the things that matter to you. I care about your relationships. I care about what’s bothering you. Your feelings are valid, no matter what they may be.
I am here for clients dealing with a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, relationship issues, confidence, and more. I am here to meet clients wherever they are at and to work in a collaborative style to help clients obtain their goals. In therapy, I want you to know that I’m really listening. No two people are identical. Your unique feelings and experiences deserve to be explored and processed in a safe way. I care about the things that matter to you. I care about your relationships. I care about what’s bothering you. Your feelings are valid, no matter what they may be.
(947) 252-7265 View (947) 252-7265
Photo of Alexis McDonald - Living Well Home Services LLC, LCMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Living Well Home Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCMSW
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237
I specialize in the treatment of ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Trauma.
My training and experience has allowed me to work with clients with an array of mental health concerns, as well as develop an understanding of the importance of mental health, social service, and quality customer service as it relates to one’s personal development.
I specialize in the treatment of ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Trauma.
My training and experience has allowed me to work with clients with an array of mental health concerns, as well as develop an understanding of the importance of mental health, social service, and quality customer service as it relates to one’s personal development.
(248) 422-0632 View (248) 422-0632
Photo of Anthony Edwards, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anthony Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
I specialize in areas of trauma, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem.
The decision to begin seeking therapy can be a challenging one. It's not always easy, the idea of opening yourself up to a new person in such a vulnerable way, so kudo's for even being on this website right now. I encourage all potential clients to reach out to have that initial conversation. Finding the right therapist can be a bit of a process and the only way to start figuring out if someone might be a good fit is to have a chat. And if it's not, that's totally okay, let's find you someone who is. Everyone deserves to have the best support possible.
I specialize in areas of trauma, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem.
The decision to begin seeking therapy can be a challenging one. It's not always easy, the idea of opening yourself up to a new person in such a vulnerable way, so kudo's for even being on this website right now. I encourage all potential clients to reach out to have that initial conversation. Finding the right therapist can be a bit of a process and the only way to start figuring out if someone might be a good fit is to have a chat. And if it's not, that's totally okay, let's find you someone who is. Everyone deserves to have the best support possible.
(947) 300-4180 View (947) 300-4180
Photo of Katie Bonar, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Bonar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping people heal and cope with depression and anxiety.
At the end of our sessions, I will have helped you gain self-awareness and understanding of your emotions and thought patterns. I will help you develop practical coping strategies for managing depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. We will work to help you build stronger relationships by improving communication skills and setting boundaries. My goal is for you to a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can explore difficult feelings and work towards personal growth and healing. Book with me now by clicking on my website.
I specialize in helping people heal and cope with depression and anxiety.
At the end of our sessions, I will have helped you gain self-awareness and understanding of your emotions and thought patterns. I will help you develop practical coping strategies for managing depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. We will work to help you build stronger relationships by improving communication skills and setting boundaries. My goal is for you to a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can explore difficult feelings and work towards personal growth and healing. Book with me now by clicking on my website.
(248) 653-5402 View (248) 653-5402
Photo of Rolanda Jackson, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rolanda Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
Life can often feel overwhelming. If you are struggling to find balance in these trying times, feeling burned out, disconnected, then please reach out for a free phone consultation. My areas of interest include anxiety and depression, PTSD, complex and generational trauma, grief, family and parenting concerns, work/life/education balance, interpersonal relationships and somatic experiences.
Life can often feel overwhelming. If you are struggling to find balance in these trying times, feeling burned out, disconnected, then please reach out for a free phone consultation. My areas of interest include anxiety and depression, PTSD, complex and generational trauma, grief, family and parenting concerns, work/life/education balance, interpersonal relationships and somatic experiences.
(947) 600-4863 View (947) 600-4863
Photo of Florine McClain, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Florine McClain
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
I am passionate about helping clients work through grief, trauma, depression, and other life stressors.
You are here to find a helping hand. I am a helper and encourager by nature. Let me walk along side you as we collaborate together through difficult circumstances to promote growth and healing in your life. You are the expert in your life. I believe the solution to your problem is already within you. Let us discuss your expected outcome and work on a solution to meet that expectation. The time spent together will focus on you and your needs. You will be listened to, heard, and understood.
I am passionate about helping clients work through grief, trauma, depression, and other life stressors.
You are here to find a helping hand. I am a helper and encourager by nature. Let me walk along side you as we collaborate together through difficult circumstances to promote growth and healing in your life. You are the expert in your life. I believe the solution to your problem is already within you. Let us discuss your expected outcome and work on a solution to meet that expectation. The time spent together will focus on you and your needs. You will be listened to, heard, and understood.
(586) 271-0374 View (586) 271-0374
Photo of Helema Ballard, MA, LPC, Counselor
Helema Ballard
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
My goal is to work with people who struggle with depression, social issues, anxiety, self-esteem issues, anger, domestic violence's, and family related issues.
Often times the effects of old and new emotional wounds can become a person's way of life. This way of life tends to cause an individual to have feelings of loneliness, hopelessness/helplessness, thoughts leading to emotional pain, and ineffective actions that led to self-defeat. Are you dealing with emotional pain or after effects of a traumatic experience(s)? As a counselor I have aspirations to help empower you to overcome your inner battle and win! I am a licensed counselor who believes that inner healing is possible and understands the importance of having a quality of life.
My goal is to work with people who struggle with depression, social issues, anxiety, self-esteem issues, anger, domestic violence's, and family related issues.
Often times the effects of old and new emotional wounds can become a person's way of life. This way of life tends to cause an individual to have feelings of loneliness, hopelessness/helplessness, thoughts leading to emotional pain, and ineffective actions that led to self-defeat. Are you dealing with emotional pain or after effects of a traumatic experience(s)? As a counselor I have aspirations to help empower you to overcome your inner battle and win! I am a licensed counselor who believes that inner healing is possible and understands the importance of having a quality of life.
(248) 617-2397 View (248) 617-2397
Photo of Robin E. McCoy - Life Centers Inc.  - Office Space for Lease, MS, PhD, LLP, QMHP, QIDP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Life Centers Inc. - Office Space for Lease
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MS, PhD, LLP, QMHP, QIDP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
I am available to help clients with who are concerned with life transitional issues who are concerned with depression, bi-polar depression, personality disorders, anxiety, addictive behaviors, sexuality and relationship problems, court ordered therapy, anger management complex trauma, problem solving, stress reduction and work life balance issues.
We bring a person-centered approach while providing a safe non-judgmental space for helping our clients to develop the tools and skills that will allow them to embrace their individuality as well as work towards realizing their full potential. Our philosophy is shared amongst all of the professionals in our practice. I am the owner of the private practice Life Centers, Inc. Our family of therapists are here to help you on your journey toward health and wellness. We strive to offer no wait appointments in person and online via Tele Health.
I am available to help clients with who are concerned with life transitional issues who are concerned with depression, bi-polar depression, personality disorders, anxiety, addictive behaviors, sexuality and relationship problems, court ordered therapy, anger management complex trauma, problem solving, stress reduction and work life balance issues.
We bring a person-centered approach while providing a safe non-judgmental space for helping our clients to develop the tools and skills that will allow them to embrace their individuality as well as work towards realizing their full potential. Our philosophy is shared amongst all of the professionals in our practice. I am the owner of the private practice Life Centers, Inc. Our family of therapists are here to help you on your journey toward health and wellness. We strive to offer no wait appointments in person and online via Tele Health.
(248) 292-3694 View (248) 292-3694
Photo of Latasha Webster, LMSW, CTS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Latasha Webster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CTS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, unfulfilled? Not enjoying your life in the way that you would like to? Do you set excessive standards for yourself and struggle emotionally when you don't reach them? Do you measure your worth in terms of what you can produce or accomplish? Is it hard to get motivated to go to work? Does it feel like your relationships with others are not fulfilling? Do your childhood wounds impact you emotionally as an adult and you want to heal? Do you struggle with your confidence and self-worth? Many times, these challenges show up as anxiety, overwhelming sadness, depression, and lack of motivation.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, unfulfilled? Not enjoying your life in the way that you would like to? Do you set excessive standards for yourself and struggle emotionally when you don't reach them? Do you measure your worth in terms of what you can produce or accomplish? Is it hard to get motivated to go to work? Does it feel like your relationships with others are not fulfilling? Do your childhood wounds impact you emotionally as an adult and you want to heal? Do you struggle with your confidence and self-worth? Many times, these challenges show up as anxiety, overwhelming sadness, depression, and lack of motivation.
(313) 486-5869 View (313) 486-5869
Photo of Deborah A Williams, MA, LLPC, Counselor
Deborah A Williams
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237
As your counselor I am here to assist you with working through depression, anxiety or any other issues affecting your daily life while helping you along your journey to wellness.
Hello, I am Deborah. I am a Limited License Professional Counselor practicing as a therapist and life coach. My educational background in counseling gives me an unique and effective approach to helping in facilitating change in clients experiencing mental health and behavioral issues. As a counselor I work to provide clients with tailored treatment plans that can be integrated into their daily lives. I have a masters level education in mental health counseling from Central Michigan University and I am a professional member of the American Counseling Association.
As your counselor I am here to assist you with working through depression, anxiety or any other issues affecting your daily life while helping you along your journey to wellness.
Hello, I am Deborah. I am a Limited License Professional Counselor practicing as a therapist and life coach. My educational background in counseling gives me an unique and effective approach to helping in facilitating change in clients experiencing mental health and behavioral issues. As a counselor I work to provide clients with tailored treatment plans that can be integrated into their daily lives. I have a masters level education in mental health counseling from Central Michigan University and I am a professional member of the American Counseling Association.
(947) 333-8010 View (947) 333-8010
Photo of LaKeisha Blackwell, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
LaKeisha Blackwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging and difficult to navigate at times. Everyone could use someone to talk too and someone to explore new ways of living with. I look forward to being that person for you. I have provided mental health support to children, youth, adults and families with an array of life experiences including, trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and relationship issues. In addition, I have an extensive background providing service to children in foster care and working with biological families. Learning to handle life situations appropriately is imperative if you want to experience life in its fullness. I know you can do it.
Life can be challenging and difficult to navigate at times. Everyone could use someone to talk too and someone to explore new ways of living with. I look forward to being that person for you. I have provided mental health support to children, youth, adults and families with an array of life experiences including, trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and relationship issues. In addition, I have an extensive background providing service to children in foster care and working with biological families. Learning to handle life situations appropriately is imperative if you want to experience life in its fullness. I know you can do it.
(313) 422-7690 View (313) 422-7690
Photo of Timothy Miles - Happiness Now Hypnosis, CHT, NLPP
Happiness Now Hypnosis
CHT, NLPP
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237
I help clients reach their goals quickly & easily using advanced Hypnotherapy & Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Practice areas include but aren't limited to reducing anxiety & stress, improving self esteem & confidence, weight loss, smoking cessation, trauma and PTSD relief (including childhood trauma), depression, performance and relationships and managing Type 2 diabetes
I help clients reach their goals quickly & easily using advanced Hypnotherapy & Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Practice areas include but aren't limited to reducing anxiety & stress, improving self esteem & confidence, weight loss, smoking cessation, trauma and PTSD relief (including childhood trauma), depression, performance and relationships and managing Type 2 diabetes
(248) 213-7703 View (248) 213-7703
Photo of Rachel Toiv, MHC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Toiv
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, self-criticism, transitions in life, or maintaining healthy and meaningful relationships? I have a deep respect for those that enter therapy with the goals of getting to know themselves better and love themselves fuller. We will partner together toward alleviating your symptoms, while exploring, identifying, and developing an understanding of the driving force behind them in an unconditionally safe and open environment. Together we will lay the foundation for true healing, letting go and continuing forward.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, self-criticism, transitions in life, or maintaining healthy and meaningful relationships? I have a deep respect for those that enter therapy with the goals of getting to know themselves better and love themselves fuller. We will partner together toward alleviating your symptoms, while exploring, identifying, and developing an understanding of the driving force behind them in an unconditionally safe and open environment. Together we will lay the foundation for true healing, letting go and continuing forward.
(248) 290-6537 View (248) 290-6537
Photo of Ayana Simmons, PsyD, LP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Ayana Simmons
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237  (Online Only)
I have experience assisting with symptoms of grief, stress, anxiety, trauma and depression throughout developmental lifespans.
Development of a healthy therapeutic relationship can be a beneficial experience. The process of establishing this relationship entails personal time to explore thoughts, emotions, wants, hopes and dreams in a safe and supportive therapeutic environment.
I have experience assisting with symptoms of grief, stress, anxiety, trauma and depression throughout developmental lifespans.
Development of a healthy therapeutic relationship can be a beneficial experience. The process of establishing this relationship entails personal time to explore thoughts, emotions, wants, hopes and dreams in a safe and supportive therapeutic environment.
(313) 992-7464 View (313) 992-7464
Photo of Harold J Love - Harold J. Love & Associates, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Harold J. Love & Associates
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
I specialize in behavioral issues, high stress situations, anxiety, depression, anger management, life skills, groups, and testing and assessment.
Throughout my professional career, I have been most described as relatable, genuine, compassionate, and encouraging. After retiring from 25 years of law enforcement service, my compassion for all people led me to become a Licensed Professional Counselor. My interactions with others have taught me that there is a story or set of circumstances behind every situation. My goal is to create an environment where you feel safe to disclose and discuss your personal challenges without the fear of judgement, ridicule, or embarrassment. My team of public safety insiders and I also have a keen understanding of the public safety culture.
I specialize in behavioral issues, high stress situations, anxiety, depression, anger management, life skills, groups, and testing and assessment.
Throughout my professional career, I have been most described as relatable, genuine, compassionate, and encouraging. After retiring from 25 years of law enforcement service, my compassion for all people led me to become a Licensed Professional Counselor. My interactions with others have taught me that there is a story or set of circumstances behind every situation. My goal is to create an environment where you feel safe to disclose and discuss your personal challenges without the fear of judgement, ridicule, or embarrassment. My team of public safety insiders and I also have a keen understanding of the public safety culture.
(248) 365-7229 View (248) 365-7229
Photo of Shawnese Walker-Worthem - Worthem Family Practice, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Worthem Family Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237
My areas of expertise include marital counseling, grief therapy, anger management, women issues, depression, anxiety, addiction and school problems.
I feel a client deserves to be treated with dignity and respect regardless of what life challenges causes an individual to seek counseling. I am a compassionate and patient person which has caused my clients to feel very comfortable with me as a Clinician. I believe a person can benefit from guidance in all areas which is why I seek to treat the "whole person": body, mind and spirit.I attempt to bring a person to a place of healing from their struggles by allowing the client to have an input in the therapeutic process.
My areas of expertise include marital counseling, grief therapy, anger management, women issues, depression, anxiety, addiction and school problems.
I feel a client deserves to be treated with dignity and respect regardless of what life challenges causes an individual to seek counseling. I am a compassionate and patient person which has caused my clients to feel very comfortable with me as a Clinician. I believe a person can benefit from guidance in all areas which is why I seek to treat the "whole person": body, mind and spirit.I attempt to bring a person to a place of healing from their struggles by allowing the client to have an input in the therapeutic process.
(248) 266-3205 View (248) 266-3205
Photo of Gerald Tyler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gerald Tyler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237
My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, grief/loss, and relationships.
You've lost hope that things can get better on your own. You want to be happy and feel safe, but you don't know how. Whether you are an individual who has lost direction, or a couple struggling to remember why you are still together, we can work towards better.
My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, grief/loss, and relationships.
You've lost hope that things can get better on your own. You want to be happy and feel safe, but you don't know how. Whether you are an individual who has lost direction, or a couple struggling to remember why you are still together, we can work towards better.
(313) 546-8207 View (313) 546-8207
Photo of Karen L Caston, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen L Caston
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
If you are depressed or anxious and ready to heal. Then I would like to help you reach your full potential and explore those unanswered questions. I am committed to helping you feel accepted, valued and achieving the life you want to live. I use your strengths and past successes to help create the life you desire.
If you are depressed or anxious and ready to heal. Then I would like to help you reach your full potential and explore those unanswered questions. I am committed to helping you feel accepted, valued and achieving the life you want to live. I use your strengths and past successes to help create the life you desire.
(586) 619-8227 View (586) 619-8227
Photo of Angela Marie Hunter - Restoration U, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Restoration U
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Oak Park, MI 48237
Sometimes you may become overwhelmed due to changes in routine or major events such as a new school, grades, finances, becoming a new parent, losing a loved one, divorce, or conflict in relationships. These life events may lead to anxiety, low self esteem, lack of motivation, and loss of direction. These struggles appear in different ways for each person and lasts for varying amounts of time. However, we can not always recover on our own due to depression, anxiety, past trauma, or other underlying influence. I am a therapist (LPC), here to help you on your journey to healing and becoming your best self.
Sometimes you may become overwhelmed due to changes in routine or major events such as a new school, grades, finances, becoming a new parent, losing a loved one, divorce, or conflict in relationships. These life events may lead to anxiety, low self esteem, lack of motivation, and loss of direction. These struggles appear in different ways for each person and lasts for varying amounts of time. However, we can not always recover on our own due to depression, anxiety, past trauma, or other underlying influence. I am a therapist (LPC), here to help you on your journey to healing and becoming your best self.
(248) 970-1417 View (248) 970-1417
Photo of Analena Laverty, MA, LPC, C-IAYT, Counselor
Analena Laverty
Counselor, MA, LPC, C-IAYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, MI 48237
I have helped clients with a variety of mental health issues including depression, anorexia/bulimia, binge-eating, anxiety, bi-polar disorder, schizophrenia, PTSD, OCD, substance abuse, grief/loss, & borderline personality disorder.
At some point in our lives we all fall on hard times and face struggles that seem impossible to overcome and can leave us feeling lost. Allow me to help guide you towards the life that you want for yourself. My approach is person-centered, mindfulness-based and solution-focused, which means you lead the session and work towards goals that are meaningful to you. With 10+ yrs of experience in mental health and yoga therapy I’ll help you learn the skills you need to build and maintain your personal recovery. Therapy allows us to make a commitment not only to ourselves, but also to our loved ones. Maybe it’s time to take the first step.
I have helped clients with a variety of mental health issues including depression, anorexia/bulimia, binge-eating, anxiety, bi-polar disorder, schizophrenia, PTSD, OCD, substance abuse, grief/loss, & borderline personality disorder.
At some point in our lives we all fall on hard times and face struggles that seem impossible to overcome and can leave us feeling lost. Allow me to help guide you towards the life that you want for yourself. My approach is person-centered, mindfulness-based and solution-focused, which means you lead the session and work towards goals that are meaningful to you. With 10+ yrs of experience in mental health and yoga therapy I’ll help you learn the skills you need to build and maintain your personal recovery. Therapy allows us to make a commitment not only to ourselves, but also to our loved ones. Maybe it’s time to take the first step.
(947) 333-8995 View (947) 333-8995
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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.