Therapists in Muskegon County, MI

View cities in Muskegon County
Photo of Joseph Christian Thompson, LLC, Counselor
Joseph Christian Thompson
Counselor, LLC
Verified Verified
Muskegon, MI 49442
Counseling has always been a calling for me. I have gone through a number of difficulties throughout my life that have given me a unique perspective on what it is life to struggle with mental health. My purpose is to guide clients to a place of peace and understanding, both in themselves and the world around them. I want to work to bring meaning, hope, and peace to others, and to empower them to face life's challenges.
Counseling has always been a calling for me. I have gone through a number of difficulties throughout my life that have given me a unique perspective on what it is life to struggle with mental health. My purpose is to guide clients to a place of peace and understanding, both in themselves and the world around them. I want to work to bring meaning, hope, and peace to others, and to empower them to face life's challenges.
(231) 787-1402 View (231) 787-1402
Photo of Shelby Williams, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelby Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Muskegon, MI 49440
Waitlist for new clients
I'm here to provide a warm, empathetic, and holistic approach to your healing journey. I firmly believe that authenticity serves as a guiding light on the path to healing. I'm committed to anti-oppressive principles and allyship with LGBTQ+ communities, BIPOC, and individuals with disabilities. With personal experience in navigating cPTSD and auDHD, I understand the intricate complexities of healing, accommodation, and the vital role of authenticity in the process. My educational background includes graduation from GVSU and extensive training in trauma-informed care, child development, and somatic/holistic approaches to therapy.
I'm here to provide a warm, empathetic, and holistic approach to your healing journey. I firmly believe that authenticity serves as a guiding light on the path to healing. I'm committed to anti-oppressive principles and allyship with LGBTQ+ communities, BIPOC, and individuals with disabilities. With personal experience in navigating cPTSD and auDHD, I understand the intricate complexities of healing, accommodation, and the vital role of authenticity in the process. My educational background includes graduation from GVSU and extensive training in trauma-informed care, child development, and somatic/holistic approaches to therapy.
View
Photo of Kris Kennedy, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kris Kennedy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49441
By providing a safe space for clients to be their true self, we will work together by communicating openly, realizing inner strengths, and discovering new perspectives. My goal is to build a trusting relationship with clients, so they are comfortable sharing past experiences and together may begin the journey to healing and improving.
By providing a safe space for clients to be their true self, we will work together by communicating openly, realizing inner strengths, and discovering new perspectives. My goal is to build a trusting relationship with clients, so they are comfortable sharing past experiences and together may begin the journey to healing and improving.
(231) 201-6626 View (231) 201-6626
Photo of Tamara Haase Trauma Therapist, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tamara Haase Trauma Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49440
My passion lies with helping others who are survivors of trauma, particularly complex trauma. If you have walked through life feeling something is "wrong", but not quite understanding what, not understanding why you have the reactions you do in different scenarios, this is where I can help make sense of it all. Whether you've been labeled as too sensitive, too emotional, or too much, I promise you are not.
My passion lies with helping others who are survivors of trauma, particularly complex trauma. If you have walked through life feeling something is "wrong", but not quite understanding what, not understanding why you have the reactions you do in different scenarios, this is where I can help make sense of it all. Whether you've been labeled as too sensitive, too emotional, or too much, I promise you are not.
(231) 525-4419 View (231) 525-4419
Photo of Laura Kuipers, MA, LPC, Counselor
Laura Kuipers
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49445
Your life MATTERS. I believe that counseling is about helping people find peace, realize their potential, and live fulfilling lives despite past or present circumstances. My therapy focus is working through emotional, relational and/or spiritual issues, validating worth and value, and using practical tools to reach goals.
Your life MATTERS. I believe that counseling is about helping people find peace, realize their potential, and live fulfilling lives despite past or present circumstances. My therapy focus is working through emotional, relational and/or spiritual issues, validating worth and value, and using practical tools to reach goals.
(231) 432-3465 View (231) 432-3465
Photo of Felipe Trevino, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Felipe Trevino
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49441
I have been providing therapy since 2016, gaining valuable experience in various settings, including transitional housing, correctional facilities, and home-based environments. My focus has been on supporting individuals facing a wide range of mental health and substance use challenges, with a specialization in treating anxiety, depression, and substance use-related issues.
I have been providing therapy since 2016, gaining valuable experience in various settings, including transitional housing, correctional facilities, and home-based environments. My focus has been on supporting individuals facing a wide range of mental health and substance use challenges, with a specialization in treating anxiety, depression, and substance use-related issues.
(231) 412-8608 View (231) 412-8608
Photo of Heather Pajonk, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Pajonk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49444
Coping with your anxiety or depression is hard, especially alone. How about starting in a safe space where, together, we can navigate through this. Are you struggling with communication and problem solving? Life is already too stressful to come home to feeling like no one is being heard or not being able to talk with your loved ones. Are you feeling challenged with the symptoms of PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) like weight gain or hirsutism? I can help you feel supported and process those feelings that come with PCOS, anxiety and PTSD.
Coping with your anxiety or depression is hard, especially alone. How about starting in a safe space where, together, we can navigate through this. Are you struggling with communication and problem solving? Life is already too stressful to come home to feeling like no one is being heard or not being able to talk with your loved ones. Are you feeling challenged with the symptoms of PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) like weight gain or hirsutism? I can help you feel supported and process those feelings that come with PCOS, anxiety and PTSD.
(231) 201-3641 View (231) 201-3641
Photo of Janalyce Fletcher, LLC, Counselor
Janalyce Fletcher
Counselor, LLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49440
I am passionate about working with children and adolescents, who have experienced anxiety, depression, self-esteem, school issues, and education and learning disabilities. My goal is to create a safe environment for children to promote the processing of emotions, life challenges, and changes. I will work alongside caregivers to help instill hope, growth, and healing using an evidence-based approach. I work best with individuals who process emotions through play as well as parents working to help their children through what they are experiencing.
I am passionate about working with children and adolescents, who have experienced anxiety, depression, self-esteem, school issues, and education and learning disabilities. My goal is to create a safe environment for children to promote the processing of emotions, life challenges, and changes. I will work alongside caregivers to help instill hope, growth, and healing using an evidence-based approach. I work best with individuals who process emotions through play as well as parents working to help their children through what they are experiencing.
(231) 383-7109 View (231) 383-7109
Photo of James L. Kolbe, LLP, LPC, Counselor
James L. Kolbe
Counselor, LLP, LPC
Verified Verified
Whitehall, MI 49461
No one wants to have emotional pain, or struggle with anxiety or depression. We all want to have healthy relationships and desire to feel content and loved. At some point, however, we all experience pain due to grief, tragedy or some unforeseen circumstance. I'm here to tell you there's hope, peace and understanding within your grasp. I'm not saying it's simple or easy to face pain, but success is possible and achievable. Life's journey can be filled with happiness and a sense of fulfillment but continued growth and the willingness to challenge one's self is always a prerequisite.
No one wants to have emotional pain, or struggle with anxiety or depression. We all want to have healthy relationships and desire to feel content and loved. At some point, however, we all experience pain due to grief, tragedy or some unforeseen circumstance. I'm here to tell you there's hope, peace and understanding within your grasp. I'm not saying it's simple or easy to face pain, but success is possible and achievable. Life's journey can be filled with happiness and a sense of fulfillment but continued growth and the willingness to challenge one's self is always a prerequisite.
(231) 389-1100 View (231) 389-1100
Photo of Kassidy L Hadix, MS, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Kassidy L Hadix
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Norton Shores, MI 49441
Kassidy is a clinical health psychologist who focuses on creating a safe environment and forming authentic connections with her clients. Kassidy is trained in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and has experience with selective mutism, anxiety, depression, adjustment, psychotic disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic health conditions. She enjoys working with adults and LGBTQ+ populations. Kassidy provides individual counseling services in the Grand Haven and Norton Shores offices and also provides psychological testing services.
Kassidy is a clinical health psychologist who focuses on creating a safe environment and forming authentic connections with her clients. Kassidy is trained in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and has experience with selective mutism, anxiety, depression, adjustment, psychotic disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic health conditions. She enjoys working with adults and LGBTQ+ populations. Kassidy provides individual counseling services in the Grand Haven and Norton Shores offices and also provides psychological testing services.
(616) 843-0744 View (616) 843-0744
Photo of Tammy M Walker, LMSW, TFCBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tammy M Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, TFCBT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49441
My focus is supporting children, youth, adults & families with behavior and thought changes for those experiencing sadness, anger, irritability, nervousness, lack of motivation, sleeping to much or to little, negative thoughts/feelings, anxiety, depression, traumatic events, family dysfunction, and parenting challenges. Together, we will assess your needs and use your strengths to build a therapeutic approach that works for you. I use a variety of interventions and will work to understand what you need and find what fits you. Sessions can take place in person at my Muskegon office or teletherapy throughout Michigan.
My focus is supporting children, youth, adults & families with behavior and thought changes for those experiencing sadness, anger, irritability, nervousness, lack of motivation, sleeping to much or to little, negative thoughts/feelings, anxiety, depression, traumatic events, family dysfunction, and parenting challenges. Together, we will assess your needs and use your strengths to build a therapeutic approach that works for you. I use a variety of interventions and will work to understand what you need and find what fits you. Sessions can take place in person at my Muskegon office or teletherapy throughout Michigan.
(231) 272-4095 View (231) 272-4095
Photo of Tammie Richards, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tammie Richards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49441  (Online Only)
Let’s be honest, life throws some serious curveballs. School stress. Job burnout. Family drama. Relationships. Grief. Lonliness. Anxiety. Problems that seem unsolvable. I understand what it’s like to feel stuck. You might not even know where to start. I became a therapist because I truly want to walk alongside your journey and 100% support you. In particular, I specialize in underserved communities (minorities) due to my own negative experiences receiving “help” from professionals who weren’t helpful. Shifting from frustration to empowerment, I want to be a positive light and advocate to help you build life-changing skills and hope.
Let’s be honest, life throws some serious curveballs. School stress. Job burnout. Family drama. Relationships. Grief. Lonliness. Anxiety. Problems that seem unsolvable. I understand what it’s like to feel stuck. You might not even know where to start. I became a therapist because I truly want to walk alongside your journey and 100% support you. In particular, I specialize in underserved communities (minorities) due to my own negative experiences receiving “help” from professionals who weren’t helpful. Shifting from frustration to empowerment, I want to be a positive light and advocate to help you build life-changing skills and hope.
(231) 403-0902 View (231) 403-0902
Photo of Angela Marie Thompson, LMSW, CADC-M, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angela Marie Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CADC-M
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norton Shores, MI 49444
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with adults, children, and families. I specialize in the treatment of addiction, mental health, trauma and chronic adversity. I will provide a safe place to learn healthy coping skills and to process through past life events. Being stuck is suffering and knowing is the path to understanding and healthy living. All treatment is person centered and based on the goals you want to achieve.
I enjoy working with adults, children, and families. I specialize in the treatment of addiction, mental health, trauma and chronic adversity. I will provide a safe place to learn healthy coping skills and to process through past life events. Being stuck is suffering and knowing is the path to understanding and healthy living. All treatment is person centered and based on the goals you want to achieve.
(231) 928-5417 View (231) 928-5417
Photo of Jordan O'Brien, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jordan O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49441
I enjoy working with youth, teens, and young adults, and athletes who struggle with anxiety, depression, and identity issues. Individuals looking for a person-centered approach where I am able to participate in a supportive role in the process. An ideal client might be looking for psycho-education, coping skills, a person who listens, or is unsure what their next step is toward their goals. Through our meetings goals and direction can be determined and success can be identified and tracked.
I enjoy working with youth, teens, and young adults, and athletes who struggle with anxiety, depression, and identity issues. Individuals looking for a person-centered approach where I am able to participate in a supportive role in the process. An ideal client might be looking for psycho-education, coping skills, a person who listens, or is unsure what their next step is toward their goals. Through our meetings goals and direction can be determined and success can be identified and tracked.
(231) 244-9260 View (231) 244-9260
Photo of Kellie Crowell Bowen - Kellie Crowell, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kellie Crowell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49442
Being a human doesn't come with a handbook, and I want to help you navigate the parts of life that you are struggling with. Adult and teenage depression, anxiety, communication, boundaries, stress, sexuality, marriage, relationships, and trauma are areas of therapy that I focus on. I am passionate about what I do and love to weave CBT, existentialism, and positive psychology into my therapeutic approach. These methods can help individuals overcome trauma, provide new perspectives, decrease pessimism, and improve motivation. My approach fosters the ability to talk without filters, embarrassment, or pressure.
Being a human doesn't come with a handbook, and I want to help you navigate the parts of life that you are struggling with. Adult and teenage depression, anxiety, communication, boundaries, stress, sexuality, marriage, relationships, and trauma are areas of therapy that I focus on. I am passionate about what I do and love to weave CBT, existentialism, and positive psychology into my therapeutic approach. These methods can help individuals overcome trauma, provide new perspectives, decrease pessimism, and improve motivation. My approach fosters the ability to talk without filters, embarrassment, or pressure.
(231) 412-2112 View (231) 412-2112
Photo of Dawn Rozycki, LLPC, Counselor
Dawn Rozycki
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
Norton Shores, MI 49441
I have a strong interest in marriage and family counseling as I have experienced the personal benefits it can have on the family structure. In addition, my focus is on enabling adults and teens struggling with anxiety, depression, decision making and relationship issues to better work through these issues; teaching them to find their own path as well as healthy cognitions and coping strategies. I use an empathetic, goal oriented and person centered approach to identifying a person's strengths and exploring how their thoughts affect their behaviors.
I have a strong interest in marriage and family counseling as I have experienced the personal benefits it can have on the family structure. In addition, my focus is on enabling adults and teens struggling with anxiety, depression, decision making and relationship issues to better work through these issues; teaching them to find their own path as well as healthy cognitions and coping strategies. I use an empathetic, goal oriented and person centered approach to identifying a person's strengths and exploring how their thoughts affect their behaviors.
(231) 241-8539 View (231) 241-8539
Photo of Melissa 'lisa' Lynn Sias, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa 'lisa' Lynn Sias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Whitehall, MI 49461
I have been a Master's Level Licensed Social Worker since 1997. I work with kids as young as 7 and adults up to age 65. I have worked with kids and adults with depression and suicidality, anxiety, grief, trauma, family conflict, and anger control issues. I like discovering people's strengths and using those strengths to build coping skills. I also have also had 10 years of training to work with parents and children age 0-5.
I have been a Master's Level Licensed Social Worker since 1997. I work with kids as young as 7 and adults up to age 65. I have worked with kids and adults with depression and suicidality, anxiety, grief, trauma, family conflict, and anger control issues. I like discovering people's strengths and using those strengths to build coping skills. I also have also had 10 years of training to work with parents and children age 0-5.
(231) 680-4460 View (231) 680-4460
Photo of Amber Bouwkamp Elevated Wellness Counseling, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Bouwkamp Elevated Wellness Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Muskegon, MI 49440
Struggling with anxiety and depression symptoms hinder many aspects of one's life. Feeling worried or on edge, not having motivation to do things you enjoy or even completing basic daily personal needs has a significant impact on quality of life. Finding understanding and ways to manage anxiety and depression symptoms can help you get back to feeling more in control of your life which will feel so empowering. You are not powerless around your circumstances. You can feel better with the right mindset, encoruagement, and support.
Struggling with anxiety and depression symptoms hinder many aspects of one's life. Feeling worried or on edge, not having motivation to do things you enjoy or even completing basic daily personal needs has a significant impact on quality of life. Finding understanding and ways to manage anxiety and depression symptoms can help you get back to feeling more in control of your life which will feel so empowering. You are not powerless around your circumstances. You can feel better with the right mindset, encoruagement, and support.
(231) 310-0024 View (231) 310-0024
Photo of Blake Martinez, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Blake Martinez
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Muskegon, MI 49441
I am a fully licensed Psychologist. I attained my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at Union Institute & University. My areas of focus include the effects of family dynamics, culture and systems on an individual's mental health. I integrate cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) along with other evidence based practices to meet client needs. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families to help enrich and unburden the lives of my clients. Whether you are looking to target a specific problem in your life or just looking for ways to manage your mind for unlocking your better self, therapy can be a powerful support tool.
I am a fully licensed Psychologist. I attained my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at Union Institute & University. My areas of focus include the effects of family dynamics, culture and systems on an individual's mental health. I integrate cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) along with other evidence based practices to meet client needs. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families to help enrich and unburden the lives of my clients. Whether you are looking to target a specific problem in your life or just looking for ways to manage your mind for unlocking your better self, therapy can be a powerful support tool.
(231) 923-4147 View (231) 923-4147
Photo of Melissa Esterling, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Esterling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Ravenna, MI 49451
Waitlist for new clients
I believe most people have the power to manage their own lives effectively given the right tools, encouragement, and help with the courage to make changes needed to move forward. The population I enjoy serving the most are children, teenagers, and their parents. I do not discriminate against other adults, of course. Children and teenagers are facing unimaginable difficulties including learning challenges (ADHD, Dyslexia), anger, behavioral difficulties, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and eating disorders just to name a few. It is my desire to assist your child, teenager, or yourself with the unique journey of life.
I believe most people have the power to manage their own lives effectively given the right tools, encouragement, and help with the courage to make changes needed to move forward. The population I enjoy serving the most are children, teenagers, and their parents. I do not discriminate against other adults, of course. Children and teenagers are facing unimaginable difficulties including learning challenges (ADHD, Dyslexia), anger, behavioral difficulties, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and eating disorders just to name a few. It is my desire to assist your child, teenager, or yourself with the unique journey of life.
(231) 760-8681 View (231) 760-8681

See more therapy options for Muskegon County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Muskegon County, MI

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Muskegon County, MI who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Coping Skills
75% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
79% Priority Health
63% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Muskegon County, MI see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Muskegon County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.