Photo of Randy Flood - Fountain Hill Center and Men's Resource Center, MA,  LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Fountain Hill Center and Men's Resource Center
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
I have developed various programs designed to help men who struggle with anger management, domestic abuse, sex addiction and fathering.
I am in the business of helping you become the best version of yourself. Rather than focusing on just your symptoms, I facilitate your personal development and wellness. I explore life narratives, experiences in families, gender roles and cultural systems, but most importantly, I will hear you, see you and provide you a safe and challenging relationship to heal and grow. I consider it a privilege to be a trusted professional with my clients who courageously reveal vulnerabilities while building on their gifts. The path of becoming more conscious--a healthier you--is a path for courageous and bold individuals.
I have developed various programs designed to help men who struggle with anger management, domestic abuse, sex addiction and fathering.
I am in the business of helping you become the best version of yourself. Rather than focusing on just your symptoms, I facilitate your personal development and wellness. I explore life narratives, experiences in families, gender roles and cultural systems, but most importantly, I will hear you, see you and provide you a safe and challenging relationship to heal and grow. I consider it a privilege to be a trusted professional with my clients who courageously reveal vulnerabilities while building on their gifts. The path of becoming more conscious--a healthier you--is a path for courageous and bold individuals.
(616) 456-1178 View (616) 456-1178
Photo of Sean Edward Burns, MA, LLP, CAADC, SAP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Sean Edward Burns
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP, CAADC, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
He provides substance abuse assessments for DUIs and other court related matters.
Sean is a psychotherapist who has been practicing since 1998. He has experience providing psychotherapy services for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. He is trained in Trauma Model Therapy through the Ross Institute and is also certified in EMDR. Mr. Burns is a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. He works with his clients to come up with a practical yet comprehensive treatment plan. If you are unsure about setting up that first appointment and just want to talk things over, Sean would be happy to speak with you over the phone.
He provides substance abuse assessments for DUIs and other court related matters.
Sean is a psychotherapist who has been practicing since 1998. He has experience providing psychotherapy services for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. He is trained in Trauma Model Therapy through the Ross Institute and is also certified in EMDR. Mr. Burns is a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. He works with his clients to come up with a practical yet comprehensive treatment plan. If you are unsure about setting up that first appointment and just want to talk things over, Sean would be happy to speak with you over the phone.
(616) 678-2045 View (616) 678-2045
Photo of Gabriel Hernandez, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gabriel Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grandville, MI 49418
My professional experience has focused on treating adults and college students wrestling with depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, and PTSD.
I specialize in treating trauma and PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Folks often come to therapy feeling disconnected from themselves. For this reason, my approach engages your story in a way that encourages reconnecting the body and mind. Whether you’re battling symptoms of depression, anxiety, existential dread, trauma, PTSD, or relational stress, I come alongside you to find hope and relief. My goal is to provide a space where your story feels honored and sacred. I look forward to earning your trust and helping you feel empowered to achieve personal healing and desired change.
My professional experience has focused on treating adults and college students wrestling with depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, and PTSD.
I specialize in treating trauma and PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Folks often come to therapy feeling disconnected from themselves. For this reason, my approach engages your story in a way that encourages reconnecting the body and mind. Whether you’re battling symptoms of depression, anxiety, existential dread, trauma, PTSD, or relational stress, I come alongside you to find hope and relief. My goal is to provide a space where your story feels honored and sacred. I look forward to earning your trust and helping you feel empowered to achieve personal healing and desired change.
(616) 303-5384 View (616) 303-5384
Photo of Timothy D. Van Antwerp, LLMSW, QIDP, ISC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Timothy D. Van Antwerp
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW, QIDP, ISC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ada, MI 49301  (Online Only)
I have professional and personal experience in the areas of PTSD, early childhood trauma, relationship trauma/ abuse, divorce and family dynamics, autism and other developmental disabilities, ADHD, anxiety, depression, substance use, abuse and addiction.
Let's get to work and get you where you want to be. I'm here to provide options, ideas, solutions, and the strategies to help get you there. I like to use the term "level up", as a description of honing the strengths you already have and broadening perception. We can redefine and refine those skills and explore new approaches and explore cognitive tools that you can incorporate in your personal development journey. I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing in a strengths-based, solution focused format. Time to level up to your best self, you got this!
I have professional and personal experience in the areas of PTSD, early childhood trauma, relationship trauma/ abuse, divorce and family dynamics, autism and other developmental disabilities, ADHD, anxiety, depression, substance use, abuse and addiction.
Let's get to work and get you where you want to be. I'm here to provide options, ideas, solutions, and the strategies to help get you there. I like to use the term "level up", as a description of honing the strengths you already have and broadening perception. We can redefine and refine those skills and explore new approaches and explore cognitive tools that you can incorporate in your personal development journey. I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing in a strengths-based, solution focused format. Time to level up to your best self, you got this!
(616) 947-3803 View (616) 947-3803
Photo of Matthew M. Ready, LMSW, CAADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Matthew M. Ready
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
However, since 2007, my scope and expertise have broadened to include individual mental health treatment, family therapy, couples therapy, trauma, anger management and substance abuse/ addiction treatment.
The relationship between client and clinician is a key component of treatment efficacy. I believe that this therapeutic relationship is founded in a spirit of collaboration, an emotional bond and an agreement on goals and tasks. Two main characteristics of therapy are critical to the building of this therapeutic alliance: expertise and compassion. I am confident in my ability to help resolve any issues in a satisfying manner, prepared in both theory and practice, clear in my thoughts, ideas, and logical in the problem solving process. Of equal importance, I am accepting, understanding and genuinely interested in you and your needs.
However, since 2007, my scope and expertise have broadened to include individual mental health treatment, family therapy, couples therapy, trauma, anger management and substance abuse/ addiction treatment.
The relationship between client and clinician is a key component of treatment efficacy. I believe that this therapeutic relationship is founded in a spirit of collaboration, an emotional bond and an agreement on goals and tasks. Two main characteristics of therapy are critical to the building of this therapeutic alliance: expertise and compassion. I am confident in my ability to help resolve any issues in a satisfying manner, prepared in both theory and practice, clear in my thoughts, ideas, and logical in the problem solving process. Of equal importance, I am accepting, understanding and genuinely interested in you and your needs.
(616) 374-6390 View (616) 374-6390
William C Padding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of children, adolescents and adults experiencing difficulties due to the trauma of sexual victimization and domestic violence. I have worked extensively within the Kent County Family Court system and various area agencies in addressing safety and advocacy issues for children and families. Additional areas of clinical expertise include anxiety and panic disorder, marriage counseling and working with divorced parents in establishing an effective co-parenting plan for the children. I have co-facilitated a grief recovery support group for the past 6 years.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of children, adolescents and adults experiencing difficulties due to the trauma of sexual victimization and domestic violence. I have worked extensively within the Kent County Family Court system and various area agencies in addressing safety and advocacy issues for children and families. Additional areas of clinical expertise include anxiety and panic disorder, marriage counseling and working with divorced parents in establishing an effective co-parenting plan for the children. I have co-facilitated a grief recovery support group for the past 6 years.
(616) 818-0753 x14 View (616) 818-0753 x14
Photo of Dr. Joshua Bishop, PhD, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Joshua Bishop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grandville, MI 49418
I've worked with survivors of physical abuse, sexual abuse, assault, cancer, accidents, addiction, loss, and everyday stress.
My specialty is in treating sexual abuse, anxiety, trauma and PTSD effectively and efficiently. I'm trained in 3 evidence-based (validated by research) therapies for treating PTSD, and my goal is to help you find healing without wasting your time or money. During your first appointments, we'll determine the best plan for your therapy. Some approaches emphasize talking, while others have very little talking. Some use creative elements and story, while others work directly to treat your brain and nervous system. I also provide general counseling for depression, anxiety, and relationships.
I've worked with survivors of physical abuse, sexual abuse, assault, cancer, accidents, addiction, loss, and everyday stress.
My specialty is in treating sexual abuse, anxiety, trauma and PTSD effectively and efficiently. I'm trained in 3 evidence-based (validated by research) therapies for treating PTSD, and my goal is to help you find healing without wasting your time or money. During your first appointments, we'll determine the best plan for your therapy. Some approaches emphasize talking, while others have very little talking. Some use creative elements and story, while others work directly to treat your brain and nervous system. I also provide general counseling for depression, anxiety, and relationships.
(616) 208-4995 View (616) 208-4995
Photo of Rob Chapuran, MA, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rob Chapuran
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49509
I work with clients battling depression, suicidal ideation, divorce, grief, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, incarceration, and mandated clients.
Hello! As a therapist, I strive to support individuals in reaching their fullest potential in any areas of life that may be unsatisfactory. I will create a safe space to share conversations and together we will work to reconcile any discomfort. I am humbled to be chosen to walk beside you on this journey and I commend you for taking the first step towards healing. I believe everyone can use extra support at various points in life and therapy can provide a method to learn new tools to have in your arsenal.
I work with clients battling depression, suicidal ideation, divorce, grief, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, incarceration, and mandated clients.
Hello! As a therapist, I strive to support individuals in reaching their fullest potential in any areas of life that may be unsatisfactory. I will create a safe space to share conversations and together we will work to reconcile any discomfort. I am humbled to be chosen to walk beside you on this journey and I commend you for taking the first step towards healing. I believe everyone can use extra support at various points in life and therapy can provide a method to learn new tools to have in your arsenal.
(269) 399-3508 View (269) 399-3508
Photo of Alexander LaShawn-Lee Ivory, LLPC, MA, CADC, Counselor
Alexander LaShawn-Lee Ivory
Counselor, LLPC, MA, CADC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49501  (Online Only)
I specialize in substance abuse, trauma, and dual diagnoses.
An ideal client is someone deeply determined to change and improve themselves. They recognize the need to address their problems and are highly motivated by a strong desire for personal transformation and a better quality of life.
I specialize in substance abuse, trauma, and dual diagnoses.
An ideal client is someone deeply determined to change and improve themselves. They recognize the need to address their problems and are highly motivated by a strong desire for personal transformation and a better quality of life.
(586) 500-6932 View (586) 500-6932
David R MacRae
Psychologist, PhD, PC, LP
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
Finding the right therapist to guide you through a particular setback, conflict or crisis along life's journey can be a daunting process....I know. Being a psychologist for 30 years and having been involved in hundreds of hours of my own personal therapy during my doctoral training, I understand the importance of the right client/therapist match. Successful outcomes are more promising when one feels comfortable, safe and confident with a competent experienced professional. Selecting a therapist should not be an impulsive decision so take your time and be particular since you are about to invest time, finances and trust.
Finding the right therapist to guide you through a particular setback, conflict or crisis along life's journey can be a daunting process....I know. Being a psychologist for 30 years and having been involved in hundreds of hours of my own personal therapy during my doctoral training, I understand the importance of the right client/therapist match. Successful outcomes are more promising when one feels comfortable, safe and confident with a competent experienced professional. Selecting a therapist should not be an impulsive decision so take your time and be particular since you are about to invest time, finances and trust.
(616) 359-0130 View (616) 359-0130
Photo of Chadwick G Boehm, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chadwick G Boehm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Grandville, MI 49418
I specialize in treating children and adolescents who may be experiencing behavioral challenges, attachment issues, anxiety, depression, PTSD and eating disorders. I treat adults who may have past history of trauma. My focus is on developing a safe, trusting and strong therapeutic relationship in order for healing to occur and to have a sense of hope restored. I engage clients through a use of a number of therapeutic approaches including; superhero therapy (with kids and adolescents), motivational interviewing, solution focused therapy, art therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy.
I specialize in treating children and adolescents who may be experiencing behavioral challenges, attachment issues, anxiety, depression, PTSD and eating disorders. I treat adults who may have past history of trauma. My focus is on developing a safe, trusting and strong therapeutic relationship in order for healing to occur and to have a sense of hope restored. I engage clients through a use of a number of therapeutic approaches including; superhero therapy (with kids and adolescents), motivational interviewing, solution focused therapy, art therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy.
(616) 298-3845 x706 View (616) 298-3845 x706
Photo of Jeffery Kieliszewski, PhD, Psychologist
Jeffery Kieliszewski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Are you feeling "stuck", overwhelmed, or confused in your life? Do you have a specific difficulty or problem that seems to be preventing you from finding fulfillment in your life and relationships? I can help. Starting therapy or counseling can be daunting or even scary. I will provide you with an environment that is non-judgmental and warm with a practical orientation to help you overcome difficulties and improve your life.
Are you feeling "stuck", overwhelmed, or confused in your life? Do you have a specific difficulty or problem that seems to be preventing you from finding fulfillment in your life and relationships? I can help. Starting therapy or counseling can be daunting or even scary. I will provide you with an environment that is non-judgmental and warm with a practical orientation to help you overcome difficulties and improve your life.
(616) 439-0850 View (616) 439-0850
Photo of Joe Martino, LPC, Counselor
Joe Martino
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lowell, MI 49331
Relationships can be hard. You can love someone and still have destructive patterns of communication. I want to help each person learn new and better ways to communicate. Sometimes, we just need to be heard by someone. I want to hear from each client by listening deeply to what they are saying. I have worked with many couples and individuals over the years to build stronger relationships and happier lives.
Relationships can be hard. You can love someone and still have destructive patterns of communication. I want to help each person learn new and better ways to communicate. Sometimes, we just need to be heard by someone. I want to hear from each client by listening deeply to what they are saying. I have worked with many couples and individuals over the years to build stronger relationships and happier lives.
(616) 965-0238 View (616) 965-0238
Photo of Caleb Charles Rudd, MA, LPC, Counselor
Caleb Charles Rudd
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
After the fresh passion of a new or developing relationship cools, partners in marriages and committed relationships often find they experience a distancing from one another. Often this distancing results in anger and resentment toward partners. Problems which were once minor irritants now seem to be major issues which seem to always be a source of conflict and anger, or may be avoided entirely for fear of conflict. In counseling couples and families using the Gottman method, my passion is helping my clients transform their relationships and gain a new sense of optimism in their relational pursuits.
After the fresh passion of a new or developing relationship cools, partners in marriages and committed relationships often find they experience a distancing from one another. Often this distancing results in anger and resentment toward partners. Problems which were once minor irritants now seem to be major issues which seem to always be a source of conflict and anger, or may be avoided entirely for fear of conflict. In counseling couples and families using the Gottman method, my passion is helping my clients transform their relationships and gain a new sense of optimism in their relational pursuits.
(269) 234-1686 View (269) 234-1686
Photo of Dr. Quillian D Murphy, PhD,  MS, MSEd, DLLP, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Quillian D Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MS, MSEd, DLLP, LPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I am glad you are here. As a mental health professional, I provide support and intervention for a variety of psychological, career, academic, and relational experiences across the lifespan to diverse persons. This includes services to individuals, various partner structures, families, and groups. My work centers on decolonization and destigmatization of mental health services with emphasis on culturally-affirming care. As such, I identify as a LGBTQIA+, Kink, Disability, and Gender Affirming provider. The experiences of marginalized, minoritized, and disenfranchised communities remain at the forefront of my clinical work.
Welcome! I am glad you are here. As a mental health professional, I provide support and intervention for a variety of psychological, career, academic, and relational experiences across the lifespan to diverse persons. This includes services to individuals, various partner structures, families, and groups. My work centers on decolonization and destigmatization of mental health services with emphasis on culturally-affirming care. As such, I identify as a LGBTQIA+, Kink, Disability, and Gender Affirming provider. The experiences of marginalized, minoritized, and disenfranchised communities remain at the forefront of my clinical work.
(734) 875-9115 x113 View (734) 875-9115 x113
Photo of Folium O'Brien, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Folium O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503  (Online Only)
Living with anxiety and trauma can feel overwhelming, but I'm here to tell you that a brighter future is possible. I became a therapist specializing in trauma and anxiety because of my lived experience with these challenges in life, and a desire to work with others experiencing similar difficulties. My goal is to empower you to navigate these difficulties and rediscover the joy and fulfillment life has to offer. Together, we can explore effective techniques to manage symptoms, build resilience, and cultivate a stronger sense of self.
Living with anxiety and trauma can feel overwhelming, but I'm here to tell you that a brighter future is possible. I became a therapist specializing in trauma and anxiety because of my lived experience with these challenges in life, and a desire to work with others experiencing similar difficulties. My goal is to empower you to navigate these difficulties and rediscover the joy and fulfillment life has to offer. Together, we can explore effective techniques to manage symptoms, build resilience, and cultivate a stronger sense of self.
(616) 275-9927 View (616) 275-9927
Photo of Gregory S Kaiser, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gregory S Kaiser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Grandville, MI 49418
I provide a safe nonjudgmental therapeutic environment where you can tell me your story and we can freely explore all of the issues of your concern and your goals. Together we’ll develop a plan that works specifically for you and will move you towards creating goals that are attainable for you. I will equip you with tools to reach your goals and overcome the challenges you face now and challenges you face in the future. I enjoy building strong therapeutic relationships founded on empathy and respect. My hope and goal is for you to have a pleasant experience that leaves you feeling supported and motivated to face the challenges ahead
I provide a safe nonjudgmental therapeutic environment where you can tell me your story and we can freely explore all of the issues of your concern and your goals. Together we’ll develop a plan that works specifically for you and will move you towards creating goals that are attainable for you. I will equip you with tools to reach your goals and overcome the challenges you face now and challenges you face in the future. I enjoy building strong therapeutic relationships founded on empathy and respect. My hope and goal is for you to have a pleasant experience that leaves you feeling supported and motivated to face the challenges ahead
(616) 229-3179 View (616) 229-3179
Photo of Mark R. Dyke, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mark R. Dyke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Grandville, MI 49418
Are you struggling with a relationship or feel your partner does not understand you? Is communication a problem and you don't know what to do? I can help you. I specialize in, and have had success with, helping couples just like yourself to improve their relationship. To get out of the communication rut and into a healthy, vibrant relationship. I can use that experience to help you in your relationship so that you feel your partner hears and understands you.
Are you struggling with a relationship or feel your partner does not understand you? Is communication a problem and you don't know what to do? I can help you. I specialize in, and have had success with, helping couples just like yourself to improve their relationship. To get out of the communication rut and into a healthy, vibrant relationship. I can use that experience to help you in your relationship so that you feel your partner hears and understands you.
(616) 253-6268 View (616) 253-6268
Photo of Larry L Sonksen, LMSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Larry L Sonksen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Sometimes, the reasons why partners become upset with each other run deeper than the present circumstances. When partners persist in doing or saying things that upset each other over and over again, there is often something more at stake than meets the eye. Stop feeling stuck in the same old problem cycle. I have over 30 years helping couples, individuals, and families find new solutions to old problems. I have found my post-graduate training in marriage and family therapy to be a valuable resource in helping others achieve their goals and potential. I have also presented at national conferences.
Sometimes, the reasons why partners become upset with each other run deeper than the present circumstances. When partners persist in doing or saying things that upset each other over and over again, there is often something more at stake than meets the eye. Stop feeling stuck in the same old problem cycle. I have over 30 years helping couples, individuals, and families find new solutions to old problems. I have found my post-graduate training in marriage and family therapy to be a valuable resource in helping others achieve their goals and potential. I have also presented at national conferences.
(616) 710-4404 View (616) 710-4404
Photo of Joshua Nave, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joshua Nave
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client faces the impact of trauma and life events, caught in patterns hindering progress. Struggling with past experiences, heightened emotions, and frequent criticism, they often question their mental well-being. You're an ideal fit if you seek someone genuinely interested in hearing and understanding your story. I'm here to walk alongside you as you craft a new narrative. If you're seeking growth in relationships, self-worth, relief from pain, and overall life development, you've come to the right place. Let's work together to create a life you truly want to live.
My ideal client faces the impact of trauma and life events, caught in patterns hindering progress. Struggling with past experiences, heightened emotions, and frequent criticism, they often question their mental well-being. You're an ideal fit if you seek someone genuinely interested in hearing and understanding your story. I'm here to walk alongside you as you craft a new narrative. If you're seeking growth in relationships, self-worth, relief from pain, and overall life development, you've come to the right place. Let's work together to create a life you truly want to live.
(616) 577-8261 View (616) 577-8261
1

Domestic Abuse Therapists

What are the most effective ways to recover from domestic abuse?

Leaving an abusive relationship requires tremendous courage, so survivors in treatment should recognize that they have already completed the most important step. Still, the trauma of physical or emotional abuse can be difficult to process and overcome. Therapy can help survivors process trauma, grief, and difficult emotions, treat relevant mental health symptoms, and create a new framework for boundaries and relationships in the future. For some, support groups can also be an invaluable outlet for healing.

When should an individual seek help for domestic abuse?

Victims of intimate partner violence should seek help immediately. It can take substantial time, planning, energy, and courage to leave an abusive relationship, but starting the process—by seeking therapy, calling the domestic violence hotline, or simply confiding in a loved one—will help them get there. Those who have left abusive relationships but haven’t sought treatment can also greatly benefit from therapy to process and heal from the experience.

What are the consequences of staying in an abusive relationship?

Remaining in an abusive relationship has serious repercussions. In addition to the ongoing threat of physical danger and emotional abuse, research shows that intimate partner violence is associated with a range of mental health disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and substance abuse. Therefore it’s important for individuals in an abusive relationship to seek help as soon as possible.

How can you get domestic abuse treatment for someone else?

It can be very complicated to identify and leave an abusive relationship; barriers include the threat of violence, financial instability, and family pressures. Those concerned about a loved one in an abusive relationship should talk to them about the situation, provide them with resources such as the domestic violence hotline, and introduce the idea of seeing a therapist due to their concern for the person’s safety and well-being.