Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Holland, MI

Photo of Gail Hengeveld, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gail Hengeveld
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with primarily adults struggling through a life transition, college stress, medical issue, professional burnout, caregiver burnout, trauma, anxiety/perinatal anxiety, or grief. My clients desire to connect to an internal sense of sturdiness that allows them to live more empowered, hopeful and meaningful lives. I have a clinical specialty working with people who are struggling to find connection in their relationships and are at a crossroad in their life (divorce, grief & loss, new parents, affair recovery, professional burnout). I would be honored to help you make sense of your life and rebuild again.
I enjoy working with primarily adults struggling through a life transition, college stress, medical issue, professional burnout, caregiver burnout, trauma, anxiety/perinatal anxiety, or grief. My clients desire to connect to an internal sense of sturdiness that allows them to live more empowered, hopeful and meaningful lives. I have a clinical specialty working with people who are struggling to find connection in their relationships and are at a crossroad in their life (divorce, grief & loss, new parents, affair recovery, professional burnout). I would be honored to help you make sense of your life and rebuild again.
(616) 504-6073 View (616) 504-6073
Photo of Lennis Baggech, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Lennis Baggech
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
I've been in practice 25 yrs - with individuals/couples & families -- kids 6+, many teens, college students & adults. I'm shamelessly informal -- no ties or pressed shirts here!. The office is quite unique - - very large, ultra comfy, w/MANY natural oddities... slightly chaotic -- like life! Good strong coffee/tea/soda & munchies always available. Pets welcome. I'm adopted myself, a licensed foster parent, & work with trauma and attachment. I have a multi-cultural family & lived abroad (Africa). I do co-parenting therapy & am also very familiar w/court systems, working with Dr.'s, lawyers, schools and custody issues.
I've been in practice 25 yrs - with individuals/couples & families -- kids 6+, many teens, college students & adults. I'm shamelessly informal -- no ties or pressed shirts here!. The office is quite unique - - very large, ultra comfy, w/MANY natural oddities... slightly chaotic -- like life! Good strong coffee/tea/soda & munchies always available. Pets welcome. I'm adopted myself, a licensed foster parent, & work with trauma and attachment. I have a multi-cultural family & lived abroad (Africa). I do co-parenting therapy & am also very familiar w/court systems, working with Dr.'s, lawyers, schools and custody issues.
(616) 504-2403 View (616) 504-2403
Photo of Jean Chamness Russner, MSA, MA LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Jean Chamness Russner
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MSA, MA LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
People are my Passion. If you need a listening ear to process feelings, a helping hand to navigate life transitions or interpersonal relationships, or support for managing mental health conditions, I'm here to help. With over 20 years of experience and being CBT Certified, I use DBT-informed CBT techniques, combined with the healing effects of a positive, supportive relationship, to teach you coping strategies to manage stress and improve your emotional well-being. I especially enjoy working with families of children and adolescents struggling with emotional or behavioral issues.
People are my Passion. If you need a listening ear to process feelings, a helping hand to navigate life transitions or interpersonal relationships, or support for managing mental health conditions, I'm here to help. With over 20 years of experience and being CBT Certified, I use DBT-informed CBT techniques, combined with the healing effects of a positive, supportive relationship, to teach you coping strategies to manage stress and improve your emotional well-being. I especially enjoy working with families of children and adolescents struggling with emotional or behavioral issues.
(616) 219-8286 View (616) 219-8286
Photo of Jeffrey Konfara - Konfara Counseling and Supervision, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Konfara Counseling and Supervision
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
People enter into a counseling relationship when nothing else seems to be working. Although most people soon make comments such as, “(Counseling) was a lot better than I thought it would be”, few people seek counseling as a first option. More often we seek out techniques that either help us to temporarily avoid (e.g., media, social networking) our anxiety, or we seek temporary shots of pleasure (e.g., alcohol, food, pornography) that make us feel good for a short time. Soon enough we realize that all of these things leave us feeling more hollow and lonely, and that is when we start thinking about counseling.
People enter into a counseling relationship when nothing else seems to be working. Although most people soon make comments such as, “(Counseling) was a lot better than I thought it would be”, few people seek counseling as a first option. More often we seek out techniques that either help us to temporarily avoid (e.g., media, social networking) our anxiety, or we seek temporary shots of pleasure (e.g., alcohol, food, pornography) that make us feel good for a short time. Soon enough we realize that all of these things leave us feeling more hollow and lonely, and that is when we start thinking about counseling.
(616) 310-4614 View (616) 310-4614
Photo of Oriana Christina Bruno, LLP, ICAADC, CTS, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Oriana Christina Bruno
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP, ICAADC, CTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49424
Over the past eighteen years, I have worked in community mental health, residential and private practice facilities helping children, adolescents, and adults solve problems and make significant changes in their lives. I am a Limited Licensed Psychologist, Certified Trauma Specialist, Adoption Specialist and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I strongly believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most important element in making lasting changes. Helping you feel comfortable so we can build a trusting and secure relationship is my goal.
Over the past eighteen years, I have worked in community mental health, residential and private practice facilities helping children, adolescents, and adults solve problems and make significant changes in their lives. I am a Limited Licensed Psychologist, Certified Trauma Specialist, Adoption Specialist and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I strongly believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most important element in making lasting changes. Helping you feel comfortable so we can build a trusting and secure relationship is my goal.
(616) 871-2213 View (616) 871-2213
Photo of Gabriel Kangas, MA, LPC, CCS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gabriel Kangas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCS
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49424  (Online Only)
My personal theoretical foundation is not limited to one approach. I believe it is necessary for counselors to be adaptive. Every client is different and our responses and approaches should be equally diverse. One person may need a cognitive behavioral approach whereas another would be more responsive to brief counseling. This eclectic approach will be applied to all clients. Techniques will vary between clients to best meet the individual client's needs.
My personal theoretical foundation is not limited to one approach. I believe it is necessary for counselors to be adaptive. Every client is different and our responses and approaches should be equally diverse. One person may need a cognitive behavioral approach whereas another would be more responsive to brief counseling. This eclectic approach will be applied to all clients. Techniques will vary between clients to best meet the individual client's needs.
(616) 205-9786 View (616) 205-9786
Photo of Margaret Spoelman, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Margaret Spoelman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49424
Not accepting new clients
Every child can benefit from extra support while coping with all the demands on their time and energies. Families by any definition are increasingly challenged to respond effectively when children and adolescents act out. Beginning with what is working, I help families build on their strengths and find ways to improve connections, communicate with purpose and regain a sense of belonging. Within their family system, each child has a unique set of needs and families sometimes need guidance on how to create a successful environment to help with a behavior concern.
Every child can benefit from extra support while coping with all the demands on their time and energies. Families by any definition are increasingly challenged to respond effectively when children and adolescents act out. Beginning with what is working, I help families build on their strengths and find ways to improve connections, communicate with purpose and regain a sense of belonging. Within their family system, each child has a unique set of needs and families sometimes need guidance on how to create a successful environment to help with a behavior concern.
(616) 201-3676 View (616) 201-3676

Online Therapists

Photo of Kimberly Jermyn, LMSW-C
Kimberly Jermyn
Master Social Worker, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kalamazoo, MI 49009
These modules include Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, mindfulness techniques, and social skills training.
I work with children and young adults who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, academic stress, social difficulties, or family issues. I work to provide a safe and supportive environment where they can express themselves, build resilience, and develop healthy coping skills. My client's goals may include improving self-esteem, managing emotions, building positive relationships, and achieving academic success. I will provide a space where they feel understood, empowered, and equipped with tools to navigate life's ups and downs. Ultimately, empowering those I work with to thrive and reach their full potential.
These modules include Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, mindfulness techniques, and social skills training.
I work with children and young adults who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, academic stress, social difficulties, or family issues. I work to provide a safe and supportive environment where they can express themselves, build resilience, and develop healthy coping skills. My client's goals may include improving self-esteem, managing emotions, building positive relationships, and achieving academic success. I will provide a space where they feel understood, empowered, and equipped with tools to navigate life's ups and downs. Ultimately, empowering those I work with to thrive and reach their full potential.
(269) 241-9310 View (269) 241-9310
Photo of Ula Sky Rutan - Ula Sky llc, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ula Sky llc
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Hillsdale, MI 49242
I utilize an eclectic approach to counseling to meet the unique needs of individuals to support them to work toward their goals. These evidence-based approaches include Mindfulness-Based Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I can support parent-child relationships for certain families using a framework to therapy called Child-Parent Psychotherapy. In addition, I draw from my knowledge and insight of the Three Principles; Mind, Thought, and Consciousness.
I utilize an eclectic approach to counseling to meet the unique needs of individuals to support them to work toward their goals. These evidence-based approaches include Mindfulness-Based Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I can support parent-child relationships for certain families using a framework to therapy called Child-Parent Psychotherapy. In addition, I draw from my knowledge and insight of the Three Principles; Mind, Thought, and Consciousness.
(517) 878-9737 View (517) 878-9737
Photo of Beth Carter, PsyD, Psychologist
Beth Carter
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Jackson, MI 49201  (Online Only)
Carter has intensive training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Infant Psychotherapy, Parent-Child Interactional Therapy, Theraplay, executive functioning guidance and play therapy.
Dr. Beth Carter is honored to be a licensed psychologist in Michigan, bringing over 30 years of diverse experience with people on their journeys of hope and healing. She completed her Bachelor’s Degree in Health Care Management, with an emphasis in Gerontology, at Metropolitan State University in Denver in 1986. In 1999, she was awarded a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of Denver. In 2009, she was endorsed in School Psychology by the University of Northern Colorado. She has over a decade of experience supervising pre-doctoral and post-doctoral psychologist candidates in clinical and school settings
Carter has intensive training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parent-Infant Psychotherapy, Parent-Child Interactional Therapy, Theraplay, executive functioning guidance and play therapy.
Dr. Beth Carter is honored to be a licensed psychologist in Michigan, bringing over 30 years of diverse experience with people on their journeys of hope and healing. She completed her Bachelor’s Degree in Health Care Management, with an emphasis in Gerontology, at Metropolitan State University in Denver in 1986. In 1999, she was awarded a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of Denver. In 2009, she was endorsed in School Psychology by the University of Northern Colorado. She has over a decade of experience supervising pre-doctoral and post-doctoral psychologist candidates in clinical and school settings
(517) 948-0854 View (517) 948-0854
Photo of Michelle Beckman, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Beckman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Ledge, MI 48837
We will use multiple techniques taken from DBT, CBT, motivational interviewing, mindfulness, and PCIT.
Therapy is the process of change which is hard and difficult for most. I would like to accompany you on making the changes you would like to see in the important relationships in your life including yourself, family, and partner.
We will use multiple techniques taken from DBT, CBT, motivational interviewing, mindfulness, and PCIT.
Therapy is the process of change which is hard and difficult for most. I would like to accompany you on making the changes you would like to see in the important relationships in your life including yourself, family, and partner.
(517) 225-0426 View (517) 225-0426
Photo of Robert Baptiste' Thompson, MA
Robert Baptiste' Thompson
MA
Verified Verified
Berrien Springs, MI 49103
My ideal clients span all ages, from adolescents to seniors, and come from diverse backgrounds. They often face challenges related to attachment, parent-child dynamics, and managing anxiety or depression. Many are also navigating cultural pressures, trying to balance personal identity with societal expectations, or seeking motivation to achieve their goals. These clients desire clarity and emotional stability, and they’re looking for practical tools to better understand themselves and their relationships. Ultimately, they want to break free from unhelpful patterns and create a more balanced, fulfilling life.
My ideal clients span all ages, from adolescents to seniors, and come from diverse backgrounds. They often face challenges related to attachment, parent-child dynamics, and managing anxiety or depression. Many are also navigating cultural pressures, trying to balance personal identity with societal expectations, or seeking motivation to achieve their goals. These clients desire clarity and emotional stability, and they’re looking for practical tools to better understand themselves and their relationships. Ultimately, they want to break free from unhelpful patterns and create a more balanced, fulfilling life.
(269) 586-9489 View (269) 586-9489
Photo of Kara Applegate, LLMSW-C, CFLE, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kara Applegate
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW-C, CFLE
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portage, MI 49024
Waitlist for new clients
Additionally I am trained in PICT ( Parent child interaction therapy), that I use in addition to play therapy techniques, and my Gottman level one to help support the whole Family system.
I work with children, teens, and adults who have been through a traumatic experience, and other changes throughout life. I work to help you or your child process those changes, support the family system, and help regulate through those challenging behaviors. Through play, connection, and relationship building I use evidence-based practices to help support my clients where their needs are at.
Additionally I am trained in PICT ( Parent child interaction therapy), that I use in addition to play therapy techniques, and my Gottman level one to help support the whole Family system.
I work with children, teens, and adults who have been through a traumatic experience, and other changes throughout life. I work to help you or your child process those changes, support the family system, and help regulate through those challenging behaviors. Through play, connection, and relationship building I use evidence-based practices to help support my clients where their needs are at.
(269) 888-4417 View (269) 888-4417
Photo of Brandy Goodwin, MA, LLP, BCBA, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Brandy Goodwin
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP, BCBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bath, MI 48808
I am experienced in providing Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Family Therapy, Parent and Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT), Social and Communication Skills Development, and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Accepting new clients for Parent Child Interaction Therapy! Is what you are currently doing working to give you the sort of life you want, in the long term? Do your thoughts and feelings help you to move toward a richer, fuller and more meaningful life? Sometimes we get stuck in patterns of behaviors that pulls us away from mindful, value based living. I strive to create a judgement free space where we can work together to better understand your goals, strengths and values while learning new strategies and skills to help you take action to build a better and more meaningful life.
I am experienced in providing Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Family Therapy, Parent and Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT), Social and Communication Skills Development, and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Accepting new clients for Parent Child Interaction Therapy! Is what you are currently doing working to give you the sort of life you want, in the long term? Do your thoughts and feelings help you to move toward a richer, fuller and more meaningful life? Sometimes we get stuck in patterns of behaviors that pulls us away from mindful, value based living. I strive to create a judgement free space where we can work together to better understand your goals, strengths and values while learning new strategies and skills to help you take action to build a better and more meaningful life.
(517) 200-3954 View (517) 200-3954
Photo of Jeffrey J LaPonsie, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jeffrey J LaPonsie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Portage, MI 49024
I work with children as young as two using play therapy and PCIT.
Do you have a behaviorally challenging child whose struggling to follow directions. I help children with behavior problems, unresolved trauma and attachment/relationship problems. I help adopted and foster children connect and form meaningful relationships with caregivers. I use a variety of methods to help children and their family, predominantly though I use play therapy, parent-child interaction therapy ( PCIT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (trauma-focused when needed).
I work with children as young as two using play therapy and PCIT.
Do you have a behaviorally challenging child whose struggling to follow directions. I help children with behavior problems, unresolved trauma and attachment/relationship problems. I help adopted and foster children connect and form meaningful relationships with caregivers. I use a variety of methods to help children and their family, predominantly though I use play therapy, parent-child interaction therapy ( PCIT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (trauma-focused when needed).
(269) 626-2516 View (269) 626-2516
Photo of Heather K Travillian, MA, TLLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Heather K Travillian
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, TLLP
Verified Verified
Caledonia, MI 49316
Hello! I am happy to meet you here, and possibly be part of your journey. As a parent myself, I know that parenting is both rewarding and challenging, filled with breathtaking moments and others that leave you wondering. I am passionate about supporting children, adolescents and families. My experience in parenting solutions, ADHD, Autism, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, adjustment disorders (and more) can help guide both children and parents through the difficulties faced in everyday challenges.
Hello! I am happy to meet you here, and possibly be part of your journey. As a parent myself, I know that parenting is both rewarding and challenging, filled with breathtaking moments and others that leave you wondering. I am passionate about supporting children, adolescents and families. My experience in parenting solutions, ADHD, Autism, anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, adjustment disorders (and more) can help guide both children and parents through the difficulties faced in everyday challenges.
(616) 741-3676 View (616) 741-3676
Photo of Jazmine Rivas Dinkins, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jazmine Rivas Dinkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911
Whether you are seeking therapy for yourself or your child, my goal is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to uncover the roots of issues such as trauma, behavioral challenges, school challenges, PTSD, depression, family conflicts, anxiety, anger, grief, shame, self-esteem, and relationship difficulties. My approach is guided by social justice and trauma-informed frameworks, which recognize the personal and systemic factors affecting a client's life. I am dedicated to creating an inclusive therapeutic space for historically marginalized clients and supporting those experiencing racial trauma or navigating racial identity.
Whether you are seeking therapy for yourself or your child, my goal is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to uncover the roots of issues such as trauma, behavioral challenges, school challenges, PTSD, depression, family conflicts, anxiety, anger, grief, shame, self-esteem, and relationship difficulties. My approach is guided by social justice and trauma-informed frameworks, which recognize the personal and systemic factors affecting a client's life. I am dedicated to creating an inclusive therapeutic space for historically marginalized clients and supporting those experiencing racial trauma or navigating racial identity.
(517) 777-8871 x619940 View (517) 777-8871 x619940
Photo of Renee J Schafer - Diversity Psychological Services, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diversity Psychological Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48917
Waitlist for new clients
Hello there, my name is Renee' Schafer. My educational background is from MSU, MDI, and SAU. I am a LMSW, as well as a certified hypnotherapist, and dyslexia tutor. I enjoy working with all age ranges of individuals: children, couples, adults, elderly, families, marriages, co-parenting and other concerns, utilizing play therapy, sand tray, CBT, CPT, some DBT skills, and many other techniques specifically catered to your personal needs. Allow me to guide you in discovering and reaching your goals. I do have a hypoallergenic puppy on site that is currently in training. However, I have a waiting list only at this time.
Hello there, my name is Renee' Schafer. My educational background is from MSU, MDI, and SAU. I am a LMSW, as well as a certified hypnotherapist, and dyslexia tutor. I enjoy working with all age ranges of individuals: children, couples, adults, elderly, families, marriages, co-parenting and other concerns, utilizing play therapy, sand tray, CBT, CPT, some DBT skills, and many other techniques specifically catered to your personal needs. Allow me to guide you in discovering and reaching your goals. I do have a hypoallergenic puppy on site that is currently in training. However, I have a waiting list only at this time.
(517) 306-2764 View (517) 306-2764
Photo of Leigh Hammontree, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leigh Hammontree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Okemos, MI 48864
I work full time in the educational setting as a school social worker. Over the past 28 years, I have worked extensively with individuals between the ages of birth to 26 years old. I work closely with families with understanding child development, problem solve difficult situations or behaviors and advocate for their child's needs. I have experience working with children and individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Anxiety, and Emotional Impairments/Disorders.
I work full time in the educational setting as a school social worker. Over the past 28 years, I have worked extensively with individuals between the ages of birth to 26 years old. I work closely with families with understanding child development, problem solve difficult situations or behaviors and advocate for their child's needs. I have experience working with children and individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Anxiety, and Emotional Impairments/Disorders.
(517) 550-5261 View (517) 550-5261
Photo of Katelyn Britenriker, LMSW, LISW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katelyn Britenriker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LISW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546  (Online Only)
I have OPEN times within 1 week! I am a Christian therapist offering faith-based counseling that is rooted in scripture & Jesus. Struggling to find a sense of belonging, worth or purpose? Struggling with feelings of anxiety? Therapy is not a quick fix, it takes time, patience and strength to do the hard work. If you want to make changes in your life, you've come to the right spot. I utilize evidence-based practices for not only life but heart change. I imagine a world someday where we can be confident in who we were created to be.
I have OPEN times within 1 week! I am a Christian therapist offering faith-based counseling that is rooted in scripture & Jesus. Struggling to find a sense of belonging, worth or purpose? Struggling with feelings of anxiety? Therapy is not a quick fix, it takes time, patience and strength to do the hard work. If you want to make changes in your life, you've come to the right spot. I utilize evidence-based practices for not only life but heart change. I imagine a world someday where we can be confident in who we were created to be.
(616) 236-5514 View (616) 236-5514
Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists

Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?

PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.

How long does PCIT last?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.

Can PCIT be done online?

PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.

Does PCIT help parents?

In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.