Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists in Grosse Ile, MI

Photo of Brady C. Malone, MA, TLLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Brady C. Malone
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, TLLP
Verified Verified
Grosse Ile, MI 48138
Waitlist for new clients
I have specialized training in the treatment of personality disorders ( BPD & NPD).
Therapy is a collaborative and healing process where we come to develop a common understanding of how your personal history, unique personality, and current struggles influence your life. In any therapeutic relationship, you should feel safe and not judged while exploring your inner thoughts, feelings, and motivations. In this process, I hope to create a transformative space for greater self-understanding, improved self-esteem, and more satisfying relationships. I work with adults and couples at all stages of life.
I have specialized training in the treatment of personality disorders ( BPD & NPD).
Therapy is a collaborative and healing process where we come to develop a common understanding of how your personal history, unique personality, and current struggles influence your life. In any therapeutic relationship, you should feel safe and not judged while exploring your inner thoughts, feelings, and motivations. In this process, I hope to create a transformative space for greater self-understanding, improved self-esteem, and more satisfying relationships. I work with adults and couples at all stages of life.
(248) 712-1129 View (248) 712-1129
Photo of Megan Reedy, PhD, LMSW, CTRP
Megan Reedy
Master Social Worker, PhD, LMSW, CTRP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grosse Ile, MI 48138
As the owner of Collective Mind, I specialize in Psychoanalytic therapy, drawing on my Doctorate level training from the Chicago Institute of Clinical Social Work Psychodynamic studies. My approach is modern and accessible, tailored to adults, teens, and couples seeking deeper, more meaningful therapy. Many clients come to me after finding other therapies too surface-level or lacking in impact. I believe that effective psychotherapy involves uncovering lost or hidden parts of ourselves is a process that demands deep intervention. Finding a therapist who offers a safe, non-assuming space is key to truly uncovering the unconscious.
As the owner of Collective Mind, I specialize in Psychoanalytic therapy, drawing on my Doctorate level training from the Chicago Institute of Clinical Social Work Psychodynamic studies. My approach is modern and accessible, tailored to adults, teens, and couples seeking deeper, more meaningful therapy. Many clients come to me after finding other therapies too surface-level or lacking in impact. I believe that effective psychotherapy involves uncovering lost or hidden parts of ourselves is a process that demands deep intervention. Finding a therapist who offers a safe, non-assuming space is key to truly uncovering the unconscious.
(313) 251-4876 View (313) 251-4876
Photo of Kathryn Miller Reilly - Counseling & Resource Center of Dearborn, PhD, Psychologist
Counseling & Resource Center of Dearborn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grosse Ile, MI 48138
Individual & Family Help for Family Stress, Couples Stress, Anxiety, and Depression. We offer support for parenting, couples, and teens. We want to help you and your family grow and learn, including effectively handling problems as they arise. Call to schedule an appointment now.
Individual & Family Help for Family Stress, Couples Stress, Anxiety, and Depression. We offer support for parenting, couples, and teens. We want to help you and your family grow and learn, including effectively handling problems as they arise. Call to schedule an appointment now.
(313) 427-9907 View (313) 427-9907
Photo of Reyma Bazzi, LLPC, Counselor
Reyma Bazzi
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
Grosse Ile, MI 48138
Hello, I focus on women's issues and currently see female clients only. Did you know that taking the step to look for a therapist is one of the scariest parts of seeking mental health services? You've made it so far already! Now lets get better acquainted so that I may assist you to become the best version of yourself that you can be! As a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor I incorporate empathy, psychoeducation, and empowerment into my therapeutic work. I prefer to adopt a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered approach and believe firmly that therapy is a shared journey between the client and therapist.
Hello, I focus on women's issues and currently see female clients only. Did you know that taking the step to look for a therapist is one of the scariest parts of seeking mental health services? You've made it so far already! Now lets get better acquainted so that I may assist you to become the best version of yourself that you can be! As a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor I incorporate empathy, psychoeducation, and empowerment into my therapeutic work. I prefer to adopt a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered approach and believe firmly that therapy is a shared journey between the client and therapist.
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Photo of Avery L. Lewis, LLPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Avery L. Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grosse Ile, MI 48138
Hello! My name is Avery. I am a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor who incorporates inclusivity, empathy, education, and empowerment within my therapeutic work. I work with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing a range of challenges such as depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, abuse, self-esteem issues, identity and sexuality issues, and relationship issues. Professionally, I also have experience as a technician facilitating therapeutic groups within an inpatient psychiatric setting as well as being an outpatient therapist. My motto for the clients I am privileged to work with is, "Come as you are."
Hello! My name is Avery. I am a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor who incorporates inclusivity, empathy, education, and empowerment within my therapeutic work. I work with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing a range of challenges such as depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, abuse, self-esteem issues, identity and sexuality issues, and relationship issues. Professionally, I also have experience as a technician facilitating therapeutic groups within an inpatient psychiatric setting as well as being an outpatient therapist. My motto for the clients I am privileged to work with is, "Come as you are."
(734) 359-6932 View (734) 359-6932
Photo of Jamie Mcnally - Sycamore Counseling Services (& LLPC Supervision), MA, LLP, LPC, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sycamore Counseling Services (& LLPC Supervision)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLP, LPC, PhD
Verified Verified
Grosse Ile, MI 48138
Life is hard. It is also beautiful. At Sycamore, our sole purpose is to help our clients discover the freedom and joy that comes from living a more abundant life. Sycamore Counseling Services exists because every single day there are those of us who need hope...healing...happiness. We believe that people deserve to be truly seen, that we are all capable of greater things than we could ever imagine, and that every human being is valuable, We believe that pain may never be forgotten, but it can be transformed. We believe that it is possible for YOUR life to be more defined by its beauty than its pain.
Life is hard. It is also beautiful. At Sycamore, our sole purpose is to help our clients discover the freedom and joy that comes from living a more abundant life. Sycamore Counseling Services exists because every single day there are those of us who need hope...healing...happiness. We believe that people deserve to be truly seen, that we are all capable of greater things than we could ever imagine, and that every human being is valuable, We believe that pain may never be forgotten, but it can be transformed. We believe that it is possible for YOUR life to be more defined by its beauty than its pain.
(734) 336-1366 View (734) 336-1366

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jennifer Lewis - Transcending Hope Institute, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Transcending Hope Institute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southgate, MI 48195
We offer mental health services to address depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorders, substance use, and more.
Our focus is to offer hope, help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. We achieve this by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan to help you build a life worth living.
We offer mental health services to address depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorders, substance use, and more.
Our focus is to offer hope, help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. We achieve this by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan to help you build a life worth living.
(313) 217-3516 View (313) 217-3516
Photo of Ruqaiyah Rogers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ruqaiyah Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
My name is Ruqaiyah Rogers and I'm a licensed clinical social worker, LMSW-C, based in Michigan. I provide individual counseling/therapy services statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in coaching strategies for better managing ADHD and executive functioning symptoms, anxiety, borderline personality, mother-daughter/parent-adult child attachment, and codependency using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, and Brainspotting, to help my clients get clearer about who they are and start making positive and necessary changes to create the type of life they want and deserve to live.
My name is Ruqaiyah Rogers and I'm a licensed clinical social worker, LMSW-C, based in Michigan. I provide individual counseling/therapy services statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in coaching strategies for better managing ADHD and executive functioning symptoms, anxiety, borderline personality, mother-daughter/parent-adult child attachment, and codependency using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, and Brainspotting, to help my clients get clearer about who they are and start making positive and necessary changes to create the type of life they want and deserve to live.
(734) 212-8965 View (734) 212-8965
Photo of Amber Lossing, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Lossing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Southgate, MI 48195
With my experience, I am able to provide treatment for individuals who are adjusting to life transitions, struggling with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, self-harm, borderline personality, trauma, domestic violence, sexual assault, grief/loss, stress management, self-esteem, and relationship issues.
I believe people have the wisdom to heal themselves, but sometimes we need guidance to discover or effectively apply it. My goal is to help you build the skills and the courage to listen to your own voice and live the life you desire. Throughout the course of treatment, patients have many opportunities to practice actively focusing on positive change and living in the present; as well as develop healthier relationships with the past and future. I combine in-session work with creative, practical take-away exercises; encouraging patients to develop and apply the means to deal with future hardships long after treatment ends.
With my experience, I am able to provide treatment for individuals who are adjusting to life transitions, struggling with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, self-harm, borderline personality, trauma, domestic violence, sexual assault, grief/loss, stress management, self-esteem, and relationship issues.
I believe people have the wisdom to heal themselves, but sometimes we need guidance to discover or effectively apply it. My goal is to help you build the skills and the courage to listen to your own voice and live the life you desire. Throughout the course of treatment, patients have many opportunities to practice actively focusing on positive change and living in the present; as well as develop healthier relationships with the past and future. I combine in-session work with creative, practical take-away exercises; encouraging patients to develop and apply the means to deal with future hardships long after treatment ends.
(734) 530-4088 View (734) 530-4088
Photo of Aggie Johnson, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aggie Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Southgate, MI 48195  (Online Only)
I graduated from Wayne State University in 2020 with a Bachelors in social work. After completing the advanced program ten months later, I earned my Masters degree in social work from WSU as well. My background includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, grief & loss, trauma, depression, BPD, pre-marital & marital counseling, ADHD, anxiety, self-esteem and confidence building. I strongly believe everyone should have access to mental health services in efforts of achieving overall happiness.
I graduated from Wayne State University in 2020 with a Bachelors in social work. After completing the advanced program ten months later, I earned my Masters degree in social work from WSU as well. My background includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, grief & loss, trauma, depression, BPD, pre-marital & marital counseling, ADHD, anxiety, self-esteem and confidence building. I strongly believe everyone should have access to mental health services in efforts of achieving overall happiness.
(734) 822-9192 View (734) 822-9192
Photo of Shell Freeman, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shell Freeman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southgate, MI 48195  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Therapist, licensed in Michigan with over 10 years of experience working as a mental health therapist, I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting and, career challenges, OCD and ADHD , Borderline Personality Disorder and Mood Disorders. I am also experienced in assisting people who have experienced physical trauma , emotional abuse and the difficulties of navigating the LGBTQ "coming out process". My therapeutic style is genuine and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, dignity, and compassion.
I am a Licensed Clinical Therapist, licensed in Michigan with over 10 years of experience working as a mental health therapist, I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting and, career challenges, OCD and ADHD , Borderline Personality Disorder and Mood Disorders. I am also experienced in assisting people who have experienced physical trauma , emotional abuse and the difficulties of navigating the LGBTQ "coming out process". My therapeutic style is genuine and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, dignity, and compassion.
(734) 270-6716 View (734) 270-6716
Photo of Kristi Wandrie-Biundo, L-CMHC, CCATP, PE-PC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristi Wandrie-Biundo
Licensed Professional Counselor, L-CMHC, CCATP, PE-PC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wyandotte, MI 48192
My clinical and work experience include working in a hospital psychiatric unit with all dynamics of mental health issues, including suicidal ideation, depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline, psychosis, domestic violence, sexual abuse, PTSD and TBI's.
I believe in a non-judgmental, person-centered, positive approach in the counseling relationship, where the client feels comfortable enough to express their feelings and thoughts while examining factors which may be causing them pain, anxiety, or unhappiness. I also believe that individuals have the power within themselves to overcome these personal barriers to attain their full potential. My goal is to support you and give you tools to use along the way, and also in your future. There is light at the end of what may seem a dark tunnel, but together we will work to get you there.
My clinical and work experience include working in a hospital psychiatric unit with all dynamics of mental health issues, including suicidal ideation, depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline, psychosis, domestic violence, sexual abuse, PTSD and TBI's.
I believe in a non-judgmental, person-centered, positive approach in the counseling relationship, where the client feels comfortable enough to express their feelings and thoughts while examining factors which may be causing them pain, anxiety, or unhappiness. I also believe that individuals have the power within themselves to overcome these personal barriers to attain their full potential. My goal is to support you and give you tools to use along the way, and also in your future. There is light at the end of what may seem a dark tunnel, but together we will work to get you there.
(734) 315-2248 View (734) 315-2248
Photo of Kimberly McFarland - Therapy Institute of Michigan, MS, LPC, NCC, ACS, CAADC, CCTP-II, Licensed Professional Counselor
Therapy Institute of Michigan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, ACS, CAADC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylor, MI 48180
Kim McFarland is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), who works with client populations ages 13 and up to assist clients in reaching their mental health goals. Kim believes everyone can benefit from mental health therapy services and she understands asking for help is one of the hardest parts of getting started in therapy. Kim treats a variety of mental health disorders and self-care needs. Kim encourages anyone thinking about therapy to call and speak with her to determine how she may be able to help.
Kim McFarland is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), who works with client populations ages 13 and up to assist clients in reaching their mental health goals. Kim believes everyone can benefit from mental health therapy services and she understands asking for help is one of the hardest parts of getting started in therapy. Kim treats a variety of mental health disorders and self-care needs. Kim encourages anyone thinking about therapy to call and speak with her to determine how she may be able to help.
(734) 530-3781 View (734) 530-3781
Photo of Joseph Matthew Stabrava, LLP, DBTC, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Joseph Matthew Stabrava
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP, DBTC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Taylor, MI 48180
I became a psychologist to help individuals learn to appreciate their individuality and understand that not everyone learns, processes, and thinks the same way; but rather everyone is unique and can benefit from therapy. I enjoy teaching coping skills to people so they can feel more empowered and take control of their own lives. I find this especially important when working with clients that have had a past diagnosis of a learning disorder. I feel everyone has the potential for growth but the path to growth is not the same for everyone.
I became a psychologist to help individuals learn to appreciate their individuality and understand that not everyone learns, processes, and thinks the same way; but rather everyone is unique and can benefit from therapy. I enjoy teaching coping skills to people so they can feel more empowered and take control of their own lives. I find this especially important when working with clients that have had a past diagnosis of a learning disorder. I feel everyone has the potential for growth but the path to growth is not the same for everyone.
(734) 821-6982 View (734) 821-6982
Photo of Dana Clare Kremidas, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Clare Kremidas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48217
Hi! Thanks for coming to my page! My name is Dana Kremidas and I have been an LMSW since 2011. I specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, bi-polar, trauma, ADHD, anger, and a myriad of other issues. When you meet with me, I will always make sure that you are feeling safe and comfortable and without any judgment. You and I will write your goals together to make sure that everything is specialized to you and what you want to work on. If you need some empathy and some humor in your life, I am here to provide it! Please go to my website to book a consultation, call or email!
Hi! Thanks for coming to my page! My name is Dana Kremidas and I have been an LMSW since 2011. I specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, bi-polar, trauma, ADHD, anger, and a myriad of other issues. When you meet with me, I will always make sure that you are feeling safe and comfortable and without any judgment. You and I will write your goals together to make sure that everything is specialized to you and what you want to work on. If you need some empathy and some humor in your life, I am here to provide it! Please go to my website to book a consultation, call or email!
(734) 415-4138 View (734) 415-4138
Photo of Benjamin Bookie, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Benjamin Bookie
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
My name is Ben Bookie, and I am a Licensed Professional Counseling (License No. 6401017482) in the state of Michigan. My approach to therapy is person centered and eclectic, as we work together to discover what works best for you. Among the areas in which I focus are anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I work with a wide range of people and conditions. I focus on areas including anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I also have experience treating personality disorders and attachment issues.
My name is Ben Bookie, and I am a Licensed Professional Counseling (License No. 6401017482) in the state of Michigan. My approach to therapy is person centered and eclectic, as we work together to discover what works best for you. Among the areas in which I focus are anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I work with a wide range of people and conditions. I focus on areas including anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, men's issues, and life changes. I also have experience treating personality disorders and attachment issues.
(734) 672-3397 View (734) 672-3397
Photo of Herman J. Daldin, MA, MSW, PhD, Psychologist
Herman J. Daldin
Psychologist, MA, MSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Wyandotte, MI 48192  (Online Only)
I provide psychological services for all age groups, addressing a wide variety of mental health issues. I have worked in many different settings in different countries and have a commitment to helping people overcome the problems that cause roadblocks to a healthy and happy life. I have, also, qualified as a Child and Adolescent Psychoanalyst.
I provide psychological services for all age groups, addressing a wide variety of mental health issues. I have worked in many different settings in different countries and have a commitment to helping people overcome the problems that cause roadblocks to a healthy and happy life. I have, also, qualified as a Child and Adolescent Psychoanalyst.
(734) 666-3729 View (734) 666-3729
Photo of Connor Ryan, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Connor Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Taylor, MI 48180
My name is Connor Ryan, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Michigan, working with clients statewide via telehealth. My therapeutic approach utilizes techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I believe in creating a safe and supportive environment where clients feel empowered to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. My work is strengths based and trauma informed. In providing therapy, I prioritize building a strong therapeutic alliance with my clients based on trust, empathy, and collaboration.
My name is Connor Ryan, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Michigan, working with clients statewide via telehealth. My therapeutic approach utilizes techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I believe in creating a safe and supportive environment where clients feel empowered to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. My work is strengths based and trauma informed. In providing therapy, I prioritize building a strong therapeutic alliance with my clients based on trust, empathy, and collaboration.
(734) 789-4911 View (734) 789-4911
Photo of Olivia Moquin, MS, LLP, Psychologist
Olivia Moquin
Psychologist, MS, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allen Park, MI 48101
Hello! Thank you for viewing my profile. I believe that every individual will have unique experiences and their own personal values that they wish to keep. My goal as a clinician is to work together to achieve one's goals while keeping their values and experiences in mind.
Hello! Thank you for viewing my profile. I believe that every individual will have unique experiences and their own personal values that they wish to keep. My goal as a clinician is to work together to achieve one's goals while keeping their values and experiences in mind.
(844) 997-0874 View (844) 997-0874
Photo of Genevieve Dezyree Marceau, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Genevieve Dezyree Marceau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Southgate, MI 48195  (Online Only)
Hi! my name is Jenna, I am a clinical social worker with a lifetime of combined personal & professional experience. I provide a unique, individualized & wide array of objective practice approaches focusing on choices that foster solutions to lead to a more meaningful life. I am a graduate of Michigan State University with over 15 years working in behavioral health & I engage a holistic, conversational approach to therapy. I provide family & couples therapy, grief & trauma therapy, ADHD & Autism support & among many other things a cognitive/ dialectical approach to combat depression & anxiety.
Hi! my name is Jenna, I am a clinical social worker with a lifetime of combined personal & professional experience. I provide a unique, individualized & wide array of objective practice approaches focusing on choices that foster solutions to lead to a more meaningful life. I am a graduate of Michigan State University with over 15 years working in behavioral health & I engage a holistic, conversational approach to therapy. I provide family & couples therapy, grief & trauma therapy, ADHD & Autism support & among many other things a cognitive/ dialectical approach to combat depression & anxiety.
(989) 402-9604 View (989) 402-9604

See more therapy options for Grosse Ile

Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists

What is the most successful approach to treating borderline personality disorder?

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is considered the gold standard of treatment for borderline personality disorder. An evidence-based treatment, it addresses the extreme emotional reactivity, the relationship difficulties, and the acts of self-harm that create so much distress for BPD patients. DBT is a comprehensive program that includes both regular individual psychotherapy sessions and weekly group sessions of skills training.

What happens in treatment of borderline personality disorder?

Treatment typically consists of weekly individual therapy sessions that last an hour and group skill-focused instructional sessions that may last up to two hours. Patients are typically given homework “assignments” in which they are asked to practice in their daily life the skills they acquire in therapy. Patients also keep a diary tracking their emotions and impulses as a way to know which situations are most problematic and to help them gain control over their own behavior. Difficult situations and feelings are typically reviewed in therapy sessions and more constructive solutions found.

What kinds of problems does BPD treatment help with?

DBT was initially developed to dampen the self-destructive impulses of chronically suicidal patients. It is now the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder, a serious condition marked by extreme emotional reactivity, relationship instability, and self-injurious behaviors. Treatment of BPD helps patients tolerate the flux of emotions without acting on them, often with a specific focus on tolerating negative emotions. DBT addresses the core problems of BPD—fear of abandonment, low self-esteem, and impulsivity.

What is the goal of treatment in borderline personality disorder?

The goal of treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is to relieve the extreme emotional distress that patients experience—to curb their emotional reactivity, to minimize their inclination to self-harm, and to reduce their impulsivity. Toward these ends, patients are not only taught an array of new coping skills and techniques for emotional regulation, they are given opportunities to practice them. Another major goal of treatment is interpersonal effectiveness; patients learn and problem-solve ways to effectively communicate in relationships, especially how to ask for what they need as a way to minimize hurt feelings.