Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Cille Martin, MA, NCC, LPCMHSP, (T), Licensed Professional Counselor
Cille Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPCMHSP, (T)
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, burnout, or just stuck and need someone to talk to, I'm here to help! I collaborate with clients to help process their concerns, and identify and work towards their goals in a safe, nonjudgmental space. I use an integrative, strengths-based approach based on clients' needs to help them learn to prioritize their mental health and overall wellbeing while navigating through life's ups and downs. I am a person-centered counselor who recognizes the importance of uncovering the ways in which a person’s past can influence their current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, burnout, or just stuck and need someone to talk to, I'm here to help! I collaborate with clients to help process their concerns, and identify and work towards their goals in a safe, nonjudgmental space. I use an integrative, strengths-based approach based on clients' needs to help them learn to prioritize their mental health and overall wellbeing while navigating through life's ups and downs. I am a person-centered counselor who recognizes the importance of uncovering the ways in which a person’s past can influence their current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
(615) 909-5222 View (615) 909-5222
Photo of Andrea Davis, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrea Davis
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37228  (Online Only)
How do you learn to accept and love yourself, letting go of shame and self-doubt, so you can become fully and authentically you? How do you overcome trauma and regulate your emotions? How do you love others and set healthy boundaries? These are questions I can help you answer. My approach is warm and affirming; l enter each session with openness, curiosity, and a trauma informed lens. While I provide clinical expertise, I honor that you are the expert on yourself, your values, and your culture. I am an active participant in sessions, viewing collaboration and consistency as key to the building a trusting therapeutic relationship.
How do you learn to accept and love yourself, letting go of shame and self-doubt, so you can become fully and authentically you? How do you overcome trauma and regulate your emotions? How do you love others and set healthy boundaries? These are questions I can help you answer. My approach is warm and affirming; l enter each session with openness, curiosity, and a trauma informed lens. While I provide clinical expertise, I honor that you are the expert on yourself, your values, and your culture. I am an active participant in sessions, viewing collaboration and consistency as key to the building a trusting therapeutic relationship.
(615) 703-5701 View (615) 703-5701
Photo of Beth Nelson, MA, LPC, MHSP, Counselor
Beth Nelson
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I have been a licensed counselor for over fifteen years and I have been in the helping profession for nearly thirty-five years. Much of my experience is working with people who have experienced trauma, especially within relationships. I work best with individuals who are dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of empowerment. I feel you are the expert concerning your life. Maybe you just need some help exploring that. My style is not to give advice, but rather to provide a safe environment and relationship where you can feel free to grow and transform.
I have been a licensed counselor for over fifteen years and I have been in the helping profession for nearly thirty-five years. Much of my experience is working with people who have experienced trauma, especially within relationships. I work best with individuals who are dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of empowerment. I feel you are the expert concerning your life. Maybe you just need some help exploring that. My style is not to give advice, but rather to provide a safe environment and relationship where you can feel free to grow and transform.
(615) 212-8002 View (615) 212-8002
Photo of Luke Delavergne, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Luke Delavergne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Do you feel confused about which career will fit you best? Do you feel overwhelmed managing life? Are you anxious about making a mistake that will cost you years of dissatisfaction? Are you struggling in a relationship and want solutions? These are common anxieties that I address in my practice.
Do you feel confused about which career will fit you best? Do you feel overwhelmed managing life? Are you anxious about making a mistake that will cost you years of dissatisfaction? Are you struggling in a relationship and want solutions? These are common anxieties that I address in my practice.
(731) 506-1651 View (731) 506-1651
Photo of Stephani Shinbaum, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephani Shinbaum
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37207
Many of us struggle with defenses and behaviors we have developed in order to escape the pain of our lives, whether it be in the form of substances, food, sex/relationships, work, perfectionism, dissociation, or something else, and in our understandable attempts to avoid this pain we become disconnected from our authentic self and body in the process. As a result, we can often wind up creating even more suffering for ourselves and begin to not only numb the pain, but the joys as well.
Many of us struggle with defenses and behaviors we have developed in order to escape the pain of our lives, whether it be in the form of substances, food, sex/relationships, work, perfectionism, dissociation, or something else, and in our understandable attempts to avoid this pain we become disconnected from our authentic self and body in the process. As a result, we can often wind up creating even more suffering for ourselves and begin to not only numb the pain, but the joys as well.
(615) 656-5413 View (615) 656-5413
Photo of Keller Hawkins, MDiv, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Keller Hawkins
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I am currently undergoing supervision with Carol Smith, LMFT, as I pursue licensure as both a Marriage & Family Therapist and Clinical Pastoral Therapist. I come to my therapeutic work through my experiences as a pastor, chaplain, educator, and facilitator.
I am currently undergoing supervision with Carol Smith, LMFT, as I pursue licensure as both a Marriage & Family Therapist and Clinical Pastoral Therapist. I come to my therapeutic work through my experiences as a pastor, chaplain, educator, and facilitator.
(615) 813-4673 View (615) 813-4673
Photo of Jeff Barbour, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jeff Barbour
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Are you a busy professional grappling with overwhelming anxiety or are you and your partner caught in a cycle of conflicts, feeling distant and disconnected? Are the stresses of work, relationships, life transitions, or loss of self-worth weighing you down? Let's rewrite your story together, transforming your struggles into triumphs. Explore further to discover how we can collaborate on crafting the next chapter of your journey towards fulfillment and peace.
Are you a busy professional grappling with overwhelming anxiety or are you and your partner caught in a cycle of conflicts, feeling distant and disconnected? Are the stresses of work, relationships, life transitions, or loss of self-worth weighing you down? Let's rewrite your story together, transforming your struggles into triumphs. Explore further to discover how we can collaborate on crafting the next chapter of your journey towards fulfillment and peace.
(629) 302-3271 View (629) 302-3271
Photo of Kyisha Danielle Arnwine, PLMFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kyisha Danielle Arnwine
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
There is a time for everything: weeping, joy, loss, recovery, fear, courage. We are consistently suspended between opposing life forces that can make us, at times, feel anxious, depressed, and alone. My goal as your therapist is to offer you support by helping you find ways of navigating through darkness and illuminating the beauty in each phase of your life. I am committed to helping you build a healthier relationship with yourself and others by targeting ineffective behaviors, habits, beliefs, and problematic narratives. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to help you reach your goals in therapy. This is your time!
There is a time for everything: weeping, joy, loss, recovery, fear, courage. We are consistently suspended between opposing life forces that can make us, at times, feel anxious, depressed, and alone. My goal as your therapist is to offer you support by helping you find ways of navigating through darkness and illuminating the beauty in each phase of your life. I am committed to helping you build a healthier relationship with yourself and others by targeting ineffective behaviors, habits, beliefs, and problematic narratives. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to help you reach your goals in therapy. This is your time!
(615) 560-7571 View (615) 560-7571
Photo of Cat Tourangeau - Allied Behavioral Health Solutions, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allied Behavioral Health Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
(615) 619-1795 View (615) 619-1795
Photo of Chelsea Fair, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Chelsea Fair
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37220
As a plus size, mixed woman, "fitting in" is something I struggled with for years. I battled to figure out who I am and where I fit in this world. Turns out, I was born to stand out. This fuels my passion for working with individuals from marginalized communities. If you struggle with anxiety or depression, need a space to process grief and loss, are struggling with PTSD, want to improve your self esteem, or simply have a longing to uncover your true self and sense of belonging, I would love to work with you.
As a plus size, mixed woman, "fitting in" is something I struggled with for years. I battled to figure out who I am and where I fit in this world. Turns out, I was born to stand out. This fuels my passion for working with individuals from marginalized communities. If you struggle with anxiety or depression, need a space to process grief and loss, are struggling with PTSD, want to improve your self esteem, or simply have a longing to uncover your true self and sense of belonging, I would love to work with you.
(615) 903-5430 View (615) 903-5430
Photo of Marissa Smarto, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marissa Smarto
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC, MEd
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214
Instead of being taught how to cope skillfully with painful experiences and feelings, many of us are taught to numb, hide, or ignore them. This often intensifies the suffering, and also is often the only thing we know. I provide a safe space where clients can express, process, and learn about their thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgment. I help clients to develop more workable coping skills and habits so that they can move toward their goals and live in alignment with identified values. If "being positive" hasn't worked for you, you may be in the right place.
Instead of being taught how to cope skillfully with painful experiences and feelings, many of us are taught to numb, hide, or ignore them. This often intensifies the suffering, and also is often the only thing we know. I provide a safe space where clients can express, process, and learn about their thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgment. I help clients to develop more workable coping skills and habits so that they can move toward their goals and live in alignment with identified values. If "being positive" hasn't worked for you, you may be in the right place.
(615) 471-7011 View (615) 471-7011
Photo of Chuck Hearn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chuck Hearn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
If you are looking for an experienced therapist, I have over 35 years working professionally in the Mental Health field. This includes working in hospital/treatment settings for family and personal addiction recovery, working at a community mental health center and 6 years working in a family counseling agency doing individual, family and group therapy. For the last 25 years, I have been in private practice seeing individual adults, currently through telehealth.
If you are looking for an experienced therapist, I have over 35 years working professionally in the Mental Health field. This includes working in hospital/treatment settings for family and personal addiction recovery, working at a community mental health center and 6 years working in a family counseling agency doing individual, family and group therapy. For the last 25 years, I have been in private practice seeing individual adults, currently through telehealth.
(615) 544-6620 View (615) 544-6620
Photo of Kelsey MacDonald, EdS, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kelsey MacDonald
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdS, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Does overstimulation and anxiety rule your life? Do you feel like traditional talk therapy has only gotten you so far? You may feel painfully stressed interacting with others, struggle with negative or shame based thoughts about yourself, experience feelings of embarrassment, or frequently experience sensations in your body such as panic attacks, a racing heart, nausea, trembling, etc. This cycle can be so exhausting, and I’m here to help. I help clients learn coping tools to manage their feelings and thoughts, increase skills in navigating relationships with others, and heal their trauma for lasting change.
Does overstimulation and anxiety rule your life? Do you feel like traditional talk therapy has only gotten you so far? You may feel painfully stressed interacting with others, struggle with negative or shame based thoughts about yourself, experience feelings of embarrassment, or frequently experience sensations in your body such as panic attacks, a racing heart, nausea, trembling, etc. This cycle can be so exhausting, and I’m here to help. I help clients learn coping tools to manage their feelings and thoughts, increase skills in navigating relationships with others, and heal their trauma for lasting change.
(615) 488-8276 View (615) 488-8276
Photo of Vanessa A Londino, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vanessa A Londino
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Welcome to a new style of psychotherapy. Instead of diagnosing you and treating you like a medical patient with a disease, I'm going to work WITH you to help you to do three things: (1) understand what happened in your past that led you to the habits and realities you now face that are causing you pain, (2) help you develop the compassion you need in order to have real self-respect, and (3) work with you in a loving way until you have a genuine, solid love for yourself. At that point, you won't need me anymore.
Welcome to a new style of psychotherapy. Instead of diagnosing you and treating you like a medical patient with a disease, I'm going to work WITH you to help you to do three things: (1) understand what happened in your past that led you to the habits and realities you now face that are causing you pain, (2) help you develop the compassion you need in order to have real self-respect, and (3) work with you in a loving way until you have a genuine, solid love for yourself. At that point, you won't need me anymore.
(615) 891-8429 View (615) 891-8429
Photo of Daniel DiPerna, PsyD, Psychologist
Daniel DiPerna
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Psychotherapy is a healing process which I am honored to be a part of. I greatly respect your decision to seek change, and I will work diligently to help you. Suffering is universal but you are unique; we will collaborate to understand what ails you and create an individualized therapy experience. I listen closely, empathize deeply, and maintain a curious, open-minded stance to build an authentic bond, which is paramount in healing. Within the safety of our therapeutic relationship I will help you explore, understand, and bring about the changes you want.
Psychotherapy is a healing process which I am honored to be a part of. I greatly respect your decision to seek change, and I will work diligently to help you. Suffering is universal but you are unique; we will collaborate to understand what ails you and create an individualized therapy experience. I listen closely, empathize deeply, and maintain a curious, open-minded stance to build an authentic bond, which is paramount in healing. Within the safety of our therapeutic relationship I will help you explore, understand, and bring about the changes you want.
(615) 802-7403 View (615) 802-7403
Photo of Abby Myers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Abby Myers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Do you feel stuck? Maybe you feel like you’ll never get out of the same old routine no matter what you do. Or you think, “Even if I talk to someone about what’s going on, my clothes won’t get folded,” or, “My kid just won’t get off their Oculus. We’ve tried everything!” And, to be fair, you probably have tried everything. At least, everything that works for “everyone else”. I’m Abby. I specialize in working with people who think a little differently. Whether you’re a teen (or a parent of one), neurodivergent (ADHD, Autism, OCD, etc.), or experiencing burnout, you may have thought, “How do I get back to normal?”
Do you feel stuck? Maybe you feel like you’ll never get out of the same old routine no matter what you do. Or you think, “Even if I talk to someone about what’s going on, my clothes won’t get folded,” or, “My kid just won’t get off their Oculus. We’ve tried everything!” And, to be fair, you probably have tried everything. At least, everything that works for “everyone else”. I’m Abby. I specialize in working with people who think a little differently. Whether you’re a teen (or a parent of one), neurodivergent (ADHD, Autism, OCD, etc.), or experiencing burnout, you may have thought, “How do I get back to normal?”
(629) 218-4683 View (629) 218-4683
Photo of Barbie Hessel - Simply Being Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Simply Being Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37204
It is natural to experience a range of emotions; some flooding us thoroughly, and others frozen at our core. Sometimes we all feel challenged by life itself—anxious about change, lonely with ourselves, feeling captive by our past, and running from our fears. This is why it can be helpful to seek out a therapist. Our counseling practice is focused on helping adults and teens who struggle with trauma, depression, anxiety, and chronic stress. As clinical therapists and trauma specialists, we can help you to better recognize and resolve challenges, so you can feel better oriented to your present and prepared to create a balanced future.
It is natural to experience a range of emotions; some flooding us thoroughly, and others frozen at our core. Sometimes we all feel challenged by life itself—anxious about change, lonely with ourselves, feeling captive by our past, and running from our fears. This is why it can be helpful to seek out a therapist. Our counseling practice is focused on helping adults and teens who struggle with trauma, depression, anxiety, and chronic stress. As clinical therapists and trauma specialists, we can help you to better recognize and resolve challenges, so you can feel better oriented to your present and prepared to create a balanced future.
(629) 205-9656 View (629) 205-9656
Photo of Amber Freeman, LPCMHSP, MSEd, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amber Freeman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, MSEd, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37209  (Online Only)
When unforeseeable circumstances happen, it can be difficult to figure things out alone. Life happens, trauma happens, and sorting through emotions is not easy. With empathy and compassion, I will help you work through trauma, manage anxiety, depression & stress, and build resilience along the way. I have diverse experience in various therapeutic settings including crisis counseling, school-based therapy, and outpatient therapy. I take great pride in the progress and success of my clients, and together we can work to help you achieve your life goals.
When unforeseeable circumstances happen, it can be difficult to figure things out alone. Life happens, trauma happens, and sorting through emotions is not easy. With empathy and compassion, I will help you work through trauma, manage anxiety, depression & stress, and build resilience along the way. I have diverse experience in various therapeutic settings including crisis counseling, school-based therapy, and outpatient therapy. I take great pride in the progress and success of my clients, and together we can work to help you achieve your life goals.
(615) 471-6430 View (615) 471-6430
Photo of Amy Green - Mamaya Health, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mamaya Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37217
We create access to life giving Maternal Mental Health services in Tennessee. Needing to use your commercial insurance plan or have UHC Community Plan (TN Medicaid)? Struggling with anxiety or depression during pregnancy or in postpartum? A mother in need of access to maternal mental healthcare counseling?
We create access to life giving Maternal Mental Health services in Tennessee. Needing to use your commercial insurance plan or have UHC Community Plan (TN Medicaid)? Struggling with anxiety or depression during pregnancy or in postpartum? A mother in need of access to maternal mental healthcare counseling?
(615) 307-4803 View (615) 307-4803
Photo of Candi R Kaatz, PhD, Marriage & Family Therapist
Candi R Kaatz
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
It can be embarrassing, painful and debilitating to have intimacy or sexual problems. It may be due to physical problems, aging, sexual abuse, strict upbringing, assault or for an unknown reason. You or someone you love may live with out of control pornography or sexual behavior or addiction. You may have difficulty forming a long term intimate relationship with someone and not understand why. You may be looking for solutions and believe no one will understand or you may believe your situation is hopeless. You are looking for healthy intimacy and sexuality in your relationship and may not be sure why this is so difficult.
It can be embarrassing, painful and debilitating to have intimacy or sexual problems. It may be due to physical problems, aging, sexual abuse, strict upbringing, assault or for an unknown reason. You or someone you love may live with out of control pornography or sexual behavior or addiction. You may have difficulty forming a long term intimate relationship with someone and not understand why. You may be looking for solutions and believe no one will understand or you may believe your situation is hopeless. You are looking for healthy intimacy and sexuality in your relationship and may not be sure why this is so difficult.
(615) 235-6066 View (615) 235-6066

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
76% Cigna and Evernorth
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.