Therapists in Old Lyme, CT

Photo of Michelle Gienau, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Gienau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Are you feeling stuck, defeated, and struggling to manage your or your child's emotions? It can be hard just to make it through the day. I know life is really hard and we are all facing challenging times. Taking that first step to ask for help can be difficult, you are not alone. I think everyone would be surprised at actually how many of us need and can use a little extra support, whether it be for yourself or your child. You don't have to continue to feel this way.
Are you feeling stuck, defeated, and struggling to manage your or your child's emotions? It can be hard just to make it through the day. I know life is really hard and we are all facing challenging times. Taking that first step to ask for help can be difficult, you are not alone. I think everyone would be surprised at actually how many of us need and can use a little extra support, whether it be for yourself or your child. You don't have to continue to feel this way.
(860) 467-1564 View (860) 467-1564
Photo of Sabine O'Donnell, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sabine O'Donnell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Welcome! Are you feeling stressed, sad, anxious, and unfulfilled? Worried about a struggling child or family member? When being listened to, heard, and understood, you might perceive your world in a new, more positive way. As a marriage and family therapist, I have been trained to help individuals, couples, and families to collaboratively define and reach their goals. We live our lives wishing for close connections with our loved ones. I am hoping to provide you with warm, gentle, and empathic companionship on your journey towards healing.
Welcome! Are you feeling stressed, sad, anxious, and unfulfilled? Worried about a struggling child or family member? When being listened to, heard, and understood, you might perceive your world in a new, more positive way. As a marriage and family therapist, I have been trained to help individuals, couples, and families to collaboratively define and reach their goals. We live our lives wishing for close connections with our loved ones. I am hoping to provide you with warm, gentle, and empathic companionship on your journey towards healing.
(959) 207-8492 View (959) 207-8492
Photo of Ann Haydu, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Haydu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Not accepting new clients
What are you looking for? An increased sense of happiness, better communication? Love? Forgiveness? Better relationships? Are you faced with possibly making the biggest decision of your life? Are you suffering from trauma? There are many reasons people turn to therapy. With 30+ years of experience, we can work together to help you enrich your life and heal. Whether you're dealing with depression, trauma, anxiety, relationship, grief or parenting issues, I can help. With 3 adult children, and being a working mother, I understand the pressures of life. I work with children, teens, adults, couples, Veterans and families.
What are you looking for? An increased sense of happiness, better communication? Love? Forgiveness? Better relationships? Are you faced with possibly making the biggest decision of your life? Are you suffering from trauma? There are many reasons people turn to therapy. With 30+ years of experience, we can work together to help you enrich your life and heal. Whether you're dealing with depression, trauma, anxiety, relationship, grief or parenting issues, I can help. With 3 adult children, and being a working mother, I understand the pressures of life. I work with children, teens, adults, couples, Veterans and families.
(860) 333-6682 View (860) 333-6682
Photo of Julie Ann Liefeld - Liefeld & Associates Coaching and Psychotherapies, RN, LMFT-AS, PhD, ERTY500, Marriage & Family Therapist
Liefeld & Associates Coaching and Psychotherapies
Marriage & Family Therapist, RN, LMFT-AS, PhD, ERTY500
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Old Lyme, CT 06371  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Greetings! I am an holistic individual, family and couple's practitioner who focuses on optimum development for the client(s). I know that when you have a better understanding of your own roadblocks and patterns, you can better achieve optimum wellness and life satisfaction. I will support and guide the process toward your desired change. You can build a better you, it's never too late to recreate yourself. I also offer supervision for new professionals working on licensure or practitioners wanting to tune up or explore their development as a clinician.
Greetings! I am an holistic individual, family and couple's practitioner who focuses on optimum development for the client(s). I know that when you have a better understanding of your own roadblocks and patterns, you can better achieve optimum wellness and life satisfaction. I will support and guide the process toward your desired change. You can build a better you, it's never too late to recreate yourself. I also offer supervision for new professionals working on licensure or practitioners wanting to tune up or explore their development as a clinician.
(860) 516-8217 View (860) 516-8217
Photo of Terry Ann Klee, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Terry Ann Klee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
SINCERE APOLOGIES BUT TERRY'S CLIENT LIST IS CURRENTLY FULL. . . Terry maintains an office in a smart quiet setting where clients feel at ease without being treated like appointments. Her dedication and acuity make her known as the "therapist's therapist," to whom other therapists refer their friends. It's Terry's rare combination of humility and capability that makes sessions feel so enjoyable and collaborative. She invites clients into the fascination of how our relationships naturally hang onto a tit-for-tat motion. While this round-and-round momentum shapes who we are, it does not have to limit who we want to become.
SINCERE APOLOGIES BUT TERRY'S CLIENT LIST IS CURRENTLY FULL. . . Terry maintains an office in a smart quiet setting where clients feel at ease without being treated like appointments. Her dedication and acuity make her known as the "therapist's therapist," to whom other therapists refer their friends. It's Terry's rare combination of humility and capability that makes sessions feel so enjoyable and collaborative. She invites clients into the fascination of how our relationships naturally hang onto a tit-for-tat motion. While this round-and-round momentum shapes who we are, it does not have to limit who we want to become.
(914) 908-6257 View (914) 908-6257
Photo of Suzanne Spina, MS, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Suzanne Spina
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LADC
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371  (Online Only)
I believe everyone has the right and the ability to develop a solid sense of self, happiness and find meaning in life, free from dependence on substances such as alcohol, drugs or other addictive behaviors. As a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, I provide compassionate counseling to adults in southeastern Connecticut who seek to change their lives, start, or continue the recovery process without judgment, shame, or stigma.
I believe everyone has the right and the ability to develop a solid sense of self, happiness and find meaning in life, free from dependence on substances such as alcohol, drugs or other addictive behaviors. As a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, I provide compassionate counseling to adults in southeastern Connecticut who seek to change their lives, start, or continue the recovery process without judgment, shame, or stigma.
(860) 854-3739 View (860) 854-3739
Photo of Steven J. DiFilippo, LCSW, PCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Steven J. DiFilippo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PCC
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
***Evening appointments available*** We all experience times in our lives when we need someone to talk to, someone to listen, someone to help us see things from a different perspective. Whether it’s times of sadness, feeling overwhelmed, or simply finding ourselves at a crossroads, these situations can leave us feeling uncertain about how to move forward successfully in life. For more than fifteen years, I have been helping people to change their lives by increasing their understanding of themselves and the people around them.
***Evening appointments available*** We all experience times in our lives when we need someone to talk to, someone to listen, someone to help us see things from a different perspective. Whether it’s times of sadness, feeling overwhelmed, or simply finding ourselves at a crossroads, these situations can leave us feeling uncertain about how to move forward successfully in life. For more than fifteen years, I have been helping people to change their lives by increasing their understanding of themselves and the people around them.
(860) 492-0519 View (860) 492-0519
Photo of Adam Joseph Russo - Change Talk LLC, EdD, MS, LPC, CCTP, ADHD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Change Talk LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, MS, LPC, CCTP, ADHD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Old Lyme, CT 06371  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Virtual therapy services booked online: Changetalkllc.com/appointments . Psychotherapy envelopes the very embodiment of human potential and success. Dr. Adam Russo, EdD, MS, LPC is a doctoral and masters level trained traumatologist counselor who also specializes in ADHD and all aspects of criminal justice. He spent over 11 years of professional academic experience in the arenas of criminal justice (AS), public safety (BS), mental health counseling (MS), and traumatology (EdD). Adam has experienced the entire gamut of psychological care including outpatient, clinical day, IOP, in-home, residential, and inpatient care.
Virtual therapy services booked online: Changetalkllc.com/appointments . Psychotherapy envelopes the very embodiment of human potential and success. Dr. Adam Russo, EdD, MS, LPC is a doctoral and masters level trained traumatologist counselor who also specializes in ADHD and all aspects of criminal justice. He spent over 11 years of professional academic experience in the arenas of criminal justice (AS), public safety (BS), mental health counseling (MS), and traumatology (EdD). Adam has experienced the entire gamut of psychological care including outpatient, clinical day, IOP, in-home, residential, and inpatient care.
(860) 237-4328 View (860) 237-4328
Photo of Leslie Strekel, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leslie Strekel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
No one is ever broken, only sometimes stuck. Living with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflicts consumes significant emotional energy. Constant stress, irritability, sadness, sleep disturbances, and worrying about the future diminish our happiness and steal our present moments. We all require a safe space to delve into the internal struggles that weigh on our minds and burden our hearts.
No one is ever broken, only sometimes stuck. Living with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflicts consumes significant emotional energy. Constant stress, irritability, sadness, sleep disturbances, and worrying about the future diminish our happiness and steal our present moments. We all require a safe space to delve into the internal struggles that weigh on our minds and burden our hearts.
(860) 792-4212 View (860) 792-4212
Photo of Jill Whitney, LMFT, MFT, AAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jill Whitney
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MFT, AAMFT
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Do you feel stuck in your life or in your relationship(s)? Or are you in a transition that's bogging you down? You don't have to go it alone. Together, we can clarify what isn't working for you and identify areas for change; tap into your strengths and talents; and help you move toward greater joy and deeper connections.
Do you feel stuck in your life or in your relationship(s)? Or are you in a transition that's bogging you down? You don't have to go it alone. Together, we can clarify what isn't working for you and identify areas for change; tap into your strengths and talents; and help you move toward greater joy and deeper connections.
(860) 724-4127 View (860) 724-4127
Photo of Emily G Reynolds, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily G Reynolds
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Not accepting new clients
Not Accepting New Clients until Sept. 2024. I look forward to assisting you through the challenges of life and creating a happier and more empowered tomorrow. I often tell clients we all have 'junk in the trunk', it's often the junk we have not dealt with or avoid that sneaks up on us when we least expect it. It complicates this already complicated thing call 'life'. Let me help you unpack the junk, explore its impact on you and how its impact continues to effect you. Through supportive counseling you can take back the reigns and create positive change.
Not Accepting New Clients until Sept. 2024. I look forward to assisting you through the challenges of life and creating a happier and more empowered tomorrow. I often tell clients we all have 'junk in the trunk', it's often the junk we have not dealt with or avoid that sneaks up on us when we least expect it. It complicates this already complicated thing call 'life'. Let me help you unpack the junk, explore its impact on you and how its impact continues to effect you. Through supportive counseling you can take back the reigns and create positive change.
(860) 756-5274 View (860) 756-5274
Photo of Ellen Schnier, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ellen Schnier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
**Accepting referrals in CT office only** I am an NYU trained licensed clinical social worker and have completed postgraduate work in individual, couples, family and group therapy at several New York City institutes. I am licensed to practice psychotherapy in New York and Connecticut and have private practices in both states. I'm the former director of a children's mental health clinic, but now focus on work with adults, adolescents, couples and families. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, eating disorders, parenting issues, adjustment problems, relationship conflicts, and work difficulties.
**Accepting referrals in CT office only** I am an NYU trained licensed clinical social worker and have completed postgraduate work in individual, couples, family and group therapy at several New York City institutes. I am licensed to practice psychotherapy in New York and Connecticut and have private practices in both states. I'm the former director of a children's mental health clinic, but now focus on work with adults, adolescents, couples and families. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, eating disorders, parenting issues, adjustment problems, relationship conflicts, and work difficulties.
(646) 863-5592 View (646) 863-5592
Photo of Germaine N Lawrence, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Germaine N Lawrence
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371  (Online Only)
Therapy is the perfect place to improve the quality of your life! Are there times when you feel nervous, anxious and unsure about where your life is headed? Do you find yourself struggling to find your voice and stand in your power? Are there times when you feel like something is missing in your relationships? Do you want to show up in relationship with yourself and/or the people that you love differently? Therapy is the perfect place to start! Understanding your experiences, emotions and your story is the gateway to change.
Therapy is the perfect place to improve the quality of your life! Are there times when you feel nervous, anxious and unsure about where your life is headed? Do you find yourself struggling to find your voice and stand in your power? Are there times when you feel like something is missing in your relationships? Do you want to show up in relationship with yourself and/or the people that you love differently? Therapy is the perfect place to start! Understanding your experiences, emotions and your story is the gateway to change.
(475) 329-0499 View (475) 329-0499
Photo of Michael Barrios, PhD, Psychologist
Michael Barrios
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Living one's life with courage, insight and vitality is not always easy. Relationships can be difficult, disappointing or elusive. Families and careers can be demanding and exhausting. Transitions arrive and losses mount up. Anxiety, depression, self-doubt and low motivation may arise amidst the stress.
Living one's life with courage, insight and vitality is not always easy. Relationships can be difficult, disappointing or elusive. Families and careers can be demanding and exhausting. Transitions arrive and losses mount up. Anxiety, depression, self-doubt and low motivation may arise amidst the stress.
(860) 650-1937 View (860) 650-1937
Photo of Patricia Healy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Healy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who employs a family systems theoretical perspective in doing counseling with adults, adolescents, and children. Depending upon the particular client, I will conduct individual, couple/marital, or family sessions to help individuals gain insight into the dynamics of his or her family of origin. This approach includes an examination of the manner in which these behavior patterns are currently influencing the client's relationships with dating partners, spouses, children, in-laws, friends, co-workers, supervisors, employers, and other significant individuals in the client's life.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who employs a family systems theoretical perspective in doing counseling with adults, adolescents, and children. Depending upon the particular client, I will conduct individual, couple/marital, or family sessions to help individuals gain insight into the dynamics of his or her family of origin. This approach includes an examination of the manner in which these behavior patterns are currently influencing the client's relationships with dating partners, spouses, children, in-laws, friends, co-workers, supervisors, employers, and other significant individuals in the client's life.
(860) 631-4209 View (860) 631-4209
Photo of Lucy D Solari, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lucy D Solari
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Currently Accepting New Clients! It is never easy to seek out a therapist, so be proud of yourself for taking the first step! I’m happy you’re here. I enjoy working with adolescents through young adult aged individuals. This time in life is such an important developmental stage but can often bring about challenging issues such as family conflict, relationship issues, decision making in life choices (college, career, etc.), anxiety and mood changes and more!
Currently Accepting New Clients! It is never easy to seek out a therapist, so be proud of yourself for taking the first step! I’m happy you’re here. I enjoy working with adolescents through young adult aged individuals. This time in life is such an important developmental stage but can often bring about challenging issues such as family conflict, relationship issues, decision making in life choices (college, career, etc.), anxiety and mood changes and more!
(860) 467-1450 View (860) 467-1450
Photo of Julia L Israelski, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julia L Israelski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Old Lyme, CT 06371
Currently not accepting ongoing therapy clients but do have limited availability for EMDR intensives if appropriate- Life is filled with moments of great joy, profound sorrow, and everything in between; at times navigating the ups and downs can be challenging. Often people get stuck in familiar patterns that aren't productive. One of the benefits of therapy is having an objective, non-judgmental ally to assist you through the change process. Therapy is interactive and collaborative. As a therapist, my goal is to help my clients recognize and utilize the strengths they already possess to create the change they seek in their lives.
Currently not accepting ongoing therapy clients but do have limited availability for EMDR intensives if appropriate- Life is filled with moments of great joy, profound sorrow, and everything in between; at times navigating the ups and downs can be challenging. Often people get stuck in familiar patterns that aren't productive. One of the benefits of therapy is having an objective, non-judgmental ally to assist you through the change process. Therapy is interactive and collaborative. As a therapist, my goal is to help my clients recognize and utilize the strengths they already possess to create the change they seek in their lives.
(860) 799-4905 View (860) 799-4905
Photo of Karen A Viggiani, LPC, ATR, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen A Viggiani
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR, NCC
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
I am an experienced, engaging therapist who brings warmth, humor, creativity, hope, and compassion into my practice. I am dedicated to helping rebuild, strengthen, and empower individuals and families who have felt lost or been hit by life's challenges. I have extensive experience in working with young individuals and families who have experienced significant loss or trauma, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. I specialize in early childhood, attachment, developmental/ behavioral issues, trauma in infancy/ early childhood, issues around adoption, and in helping parents develop insight and understanding into their child's behavior and experiences.
I am an experienced, engaging therapist who brings warmth, humor, creativity, hope, and compassion into my practice. I am dedicated to helping rebuild, strengthen, and empower individuals and families who have felt lost or been hit by life's challenges. I have extensive experience in working with young individuals and families who have experienced significant loss or trauma, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. I specialize in early childhood, attachment, developmental/ behavioral issues, trauma in infancy/ early childhood, issues around adoption, and in helping parents develop insight and understanding into their child's behavior and experiences.
(860) 733-0244 View (860) 733-0244
Photo of Raymond Oakes, MSW, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Raymond Oakes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
I am a clinical social worker who has been in private practice for over 30 years. I offer psychotherapy services for individuals, couples and families. My clients range from teenagers to retirees. I believe the strength of my work revolves around my ability to establish a safe, genuine therapeutic relationship that allows people to address whatever challenges they may be facing. Respect, kindness, a touch of humor, privacy and connection are the foundations of healing and change. I tailor my approach to address your individual needs.
I am a clinical social worker who has been in private practice for over 30 years. I offer psychotherapy services for individuals, couples and families. My clients range from teenagers to retirees. I believe the strength of my work revolves around my ability to establish a safe, genuine therapeutic relationship that allows people to address whatever challenges they may be facing. Respect, kindness, a touch of humor, privacy and connection are the foundations of healing and change. I tailor my approach to address your individual needs.
(860) 381-4144 View (860) 381-4144
Photo of Mary McGannon-Kollman, MA, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary McGannon-Kollman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience working with individuals and families. My training includes a Masters degree in Education and a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience working with individuals and families. My training includes a Masters degree in Education and a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology.
(860) 612-8686 View (860) 612-8686
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Old Lyme, CT

40+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Old Lyme, CT who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
80% Coping Skills
78% Self Esteem
63% Parenting
61% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% HUSKY Health
67% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Old Lyme, CT see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Old Lyme?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.