Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

View neighborhoods in Jacksonville
Photo of Karen M Hanson, MA, MEd, LMHC, Counselor
Karen M Hanson
Counselor, MA, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32207
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready, willing, and able to challenge yourself, to acknowledge symptoms, and make the necessary shifts in thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and actions, to change your current circumstances? I'm your therapeutic partner to assist you in your discovery, exploring, and healing process. Learn to manage anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health symptoms. With acceptance, respect, and firm gentle nudges (with a little humor mixed in), together we can enhance your self-insight so you can gain clarity, learn symptom-management skills, heal from the past/present, and find the correct life balance to enjoy life again. It's time
Are you ready, willing, and able to challenge yourself, to acknowledge symptoms, and make the necessary shifts in thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and actions, to change your current circumstances? I'm your therapeutic partner to assist you in your discovery, exploring, and healing process. Learn to manage anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health symptoms. With acceptance, respect, and firm gentle nudges (with a little humor mixed in), together we can enhance your self-insight so you can gain clarity, learn symptom-management skills, heal from the past/present, and find the correct life balance to enjoy life again. It's time
(904) 692-7131 View (904) 692-7131
Photo of James Paseur, MS , IMH
James Paseur
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS , IMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32224
You don't care how much I know if you don't know I care! Why choose me as your counselor? Two main reasons: experience and education. First, my life experiences may be similar to your own. I have worked in many types of industries: manufacturing, insurance, banking, IT, education, and more. I have been a factory worker, a clerk, teller, programmer and held positions from supervisor to Assistant VP. My experience allows me to bring many unique perspectives to better understand you. Even as a youth, people used me as their therapist, sharing with me their problems and secrets. I have two years of supervised counseling experience.
You don't care how much I know if you don't know I care! Why choose me as your counselor? Two main reasons: experience and education. First, my life experiences may be similar to your own. I have worked in many types of industries: manufacturing, insurance, banking, IT, education, and more. I have been a factory worker, a clerk, teller, programmer and held positions from supervisor to Assistant VP. My experience allows me to bring many unique perspectives to better understand you. Even as a youth, people used me as their therapist, sharing with me their problems and secrets. I have two years of supervised counseling experience.
(904) 320-0326 View (904) 320-0326
Photo of Nikeda Burphy, LMHC, LPC, QS, RPT, Counselor
Nikeda Burphy
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, QS, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32224
I firmly believe that building a successful therapy practice is rooted in establishing strong connections with my clients. As a therapist, I approach counseling with the belief that each individual is unique and deserving of support. My goal is to create a safe, nonjudgmental, welcoming space where clients can make positive changes and restore wellness.
I firmly believe that building a successful therapy practice is rooted in establishing strong connections with my clients. As a therapist, I approach counseling with the belief that each individual is unique and deserving of support. My goal is to create a safe, nonjudgmental, welcoming space where clients can make positive changes and restore wellness.
(904) 432-3054 View (904) 432-3054
Photo of Deborah M Baker - Deborah M. Baker Counseling, PhD, ACS, Psychologist
Deborah M. Baker Counseling
Psychologist, PhD, ACS
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32207
I am currently accepting new clients and offer in-person and virtual sessions. First three sessions are $125 per 45-50 minute session. I am a Florida licensed clinical psychologist with more than 30 years experience in counseling and psychotherapy with individuals experiencing anxiety and mood disorders, personality disorders, severe and persistent mental illness, developmental disabilities, and autism spectrum disorders. I incorporate Mindfulness Meditation, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and EMDR into my therapy. I also have many years experience in supervising clinicians who are working toward licensure. Evening hours available!
I am currently accepting new clients and offer in-person and virtual sessions. First three sessions are $125 per 45-50 minute session. I am a Florida licensed clinical psychologist with more than 30 years experience in counseling and psychotherapy with individuals experiencing anxiety and mood disorders, personality disorders, severe and persistent mental illness, developmental disabilities, and autism spectrum disorders. I incorporate Mindfulness Meditation, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and EMDR into my therapy. I also have many years experience in supervising clinicians who are working toward licensure. Evening hours available!
(904) 339-5663 View (904) 339-5663
Photo of Kalena Smith-Fulwiley, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Kalena Smith-Fulwiley
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32218
Feeling overwhelmed? Nothing is going as planned? Relationships appear to be unfulfilling? Kids won't act right? Stuck between hating your job and needing to pay bills? Negative thoughts won't go away? No one understands you? Dreams are over deferred? Support system seems non-existent? Need someone to talk to and provide some guidance? Allow me to help provide some light at the end of the tunnel. Lets explore your thoughts and theories on how to live the life you've always wanted for yourself.
Feeling overwhelmed? Nothing is going as planned? Relationships appear to be unfulfilling? Kids won't act right? Stuck between hating your job and needing to pay bills? Negative thoughts won't go away? No one understands you? Dreams are over deferred? Support system seems non-existent? Need someone to talk to and provide some guidance? Allow me to help provide some light at the end of the tunnel. Lets explore your thoughts and theories on how to live the life you've always wanted for yourself.
(904) 512-0902 View (904) 512-0902
Photo of Karen Burnham, LMHC, NCC
Karen Burnham
LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32223
Not accepting new clients
Hello. I’m Karen Burnham, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I assist children, teens, and adults to find their full potential. I help clients who are facing hurdles like anxiety, sadness, anger, and trauma that have caused stress and frustration. I support them in uncovering patterns and gaining skills so they can begin to have more control and enjoy successes.
Hello. I’m Karen Burnham, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I assist children, teens, and adults to find their full potential. I help clients who are facing hurdles like anxiety, sadness, anger, and trauma that have caused stress and frustration. I support them in uncovering patterns and gaining skills so they can begin to have more control and enjoy successes.
(904) 867-3622 View (904) 867-3622
Photo of Isil Tugce Sareyyupoglu, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Isil Tugce Sareyyupoglu
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32256
Hello! I would like to guide you through your personal healing journey with the help of your unique life narratives, focusing on solutions. I do Couples, Family and Children Therapies, specializing in Art Therapy. I am also a Certified Health Coach; I could help you have a healthy life style, eating and living habits.
Hello! I would like to guide you through your personal healing journey with the help of your unique life narratives, focusing on solutions. I do Couples, Family and Children Therapies, specializing in Art Therapy. I am also a Certified Health Coach; I could help you have a healthy life style, eating and living habits.
(904) 409-3875 View (904) 409-3875
Photo of Anthony Johnson - Acacia Counseling, LMHC
Acacia Counseling
LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32223
Life is dynamic. Your and your family's health needs tend to involve several aspects of life simultaneously. As such, your care requires skill in a wide range of life issues affording services in a comfortable, supportive, client-centered atmosphere to resolve any growth and health concern. Often the dynamics of life involve stress, anxiety, fear, anger, loss/grief, accomplishment, failure, and faith to name a few. Acacia Counseling clientele desire highly personalized care in proven, time-tested interventions to realize their health and growth goals.
Life is dynamic. Your and your family's health needs tend to involve several aspects of life simultaneously. As such, your care requires skill in a wide range of life issues affording services in a comfortable, supportive, client-centered atmosphere to resolve any growth and health concern. Often the dynamics of life involve stress, anxiety, fear, anger, loss/grief, accomplishment, failure, and faith to name a few. Acacia Counseling clientele desire highly personalized care in proven, time-tested interventions to realize their health and growth goals.
(904) 552-3734 View (904) 552-3734
Photo of Diana Davis, LMHC, Counselor
Diana Davis
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32204
I specialize in assisting individuals and couples with navigating life transitions, such as moving from adolescence into adulthood, adjusting to married life or parenthood, trauma, crisis of identity or purpose, divorce, loss, career change, and other twists and turns on the road of life. These are events which may be painful, but can offer unlimited potential for growth and self-discovery. I help clients seize these opportunities and use them to create lasting change.
I specialize in assisting individuals and couples with navigating life transitions, such as moving from adolescence into adulthood, adjusting to married life or parenthood, trauma, crisis of identity or purpose, divorce, loss, career change, and other twists and turns on the road of life. These are events which may be painful, but can offer unlimited potential for growth and self-discovery. I help clients seize these opportunities and use them to create lasting change.
(904) 587-4679 View (904) 587-4679
Photo of Paula Perez, MHS, LMHC, LPCC, Counselor
Paula Perez
Counselor, MHS, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32256  (Online Only)
Imagine an opportunity to be happier, healthier, and more fulfilled, even in a world of uncertainty. You don’t have to wait for things to change to feel good about life again. If you are looking to heal from complex trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, narcissistic abuse, addictions, depression, anxiety, and other stressful life situations, I can help. I will guide you to improve your self- esteem, manage mental health symptoms more effectively, and find deeper meaning and purpose in your life. You can reconnect with what really matters and to let go of what is holding you back.
Imagine an opportunity to be happier, healthier, and more fulfilled, even in a world of uncertainty. You don’t have to wait for things to change to feel good about life again. If you are looking to heal from complex trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, narcissistic abuse, addictions, depression, anxiety, and other stressful life situations, I can help. I will guide you to improve your self- esteem, manage mental health symptoms more effectively, and find deeper meaning and purpose in your life. You can reconnect with what really matters and to let go of what is holding you back.
(858) 251-6349 View (858) 251-6349
Photo of O'Neil Richards, LCSW-QS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
O'Neil Richards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-QS
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32218
Admitting that we need help can be very difficult and can be a source of anxiety and depression. My goal is to help alleviate your anxiety/depression by providing a safe, accepting and non-judgmental environment. I work collaboratively to address identified problems/areas of concern. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families. I am trained in and utilize several treatment modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT).
Admitting that we need help can be very difficult and can be a source of anxiety and depression. My goal is to help alleviate your anxiety/depression by providing a safe, accepting and non-judgmental environment. I work collaboratively to address identified problems/areas of concern. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families. I am trained in and utilize several treatment modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT).
(904) 320-0230 View (904) 320-0230
Hydee Vanterpool
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with several years of experience. I've volunteered with several community agencies in the past in the areas of domestic violence, trauma, and family dynamic including improving familial relationships and communication. I have experiencing working with children, adolescents, adults and families in regards to mental health issues, trauma, domestic violence, substance abuse, parenting, marital/family conflict, stress management, school issues, communication, self-esteem in a healthy way using a cognitive behavioral approach.
I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with several years of experience. I've volunteered with several community agencies in the past in the areas of domestic violence, trauma, and family dynamic including improving familial relationships and communication. I have experiencing working with children, adolescents, adults and families in regards to mental health issues, trauma, domestic violence, substance abuse, parenting, marital/family conflict, stress management, school issues, communication, self-esteem in a healthy way using a cognitive behavioral approach.
(904) 615-8312 View (904) 615-8312
Photo of Frances L McMiller, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Frances L McMiller
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32211
Greetings! Do you want to get on the right path to becoming the best version of yourself? Let me help you navigate life in the healthiest way possible for you.
Greetings! Do you want to get on the right path to becoming the best version of yourself? Let me help you navigate life in the healthiest way possible for you.
(904) 585-2717 View (904) 585-2717
Photo of Paula Perez - Stephens Therapy Associates , LMHC, Counselor
Stephens Therapy Associates
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32256  (Online Only)
Imagine an opportunity to be happier, healthier, and more fulfilled, even in a world of uncertainty. You don’t have to wait for things to change to feel good about life again. If you are looking to heal from complex trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, narcissistic abuse, addictions, depression, anxiety, and other stressful life situations, I can help. I will guide you to improve your self- esteem, manage mental health symptoms more effectively, and find deeper meaning and purpose in your life. You can reconnect with what really matters and to let go of what is holding you back.
Imagine an opportunity to be happier, healthier, and more fulfilled, even in a world of uncertainty. You don’t have to wait for things to change to feel good about life again. If you are looking to heal from complex trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, narcissistic abuse, addictions, depression, anxiety, and other stressful life situations, I can help. I will guide you to improve your self- esteem, manage mental health symptoms more effectively, and find deeper meaning and purpose in your life. You can reconnect with what really matters and to let go of what is holding you back.
(904) 842-3283 View (904) 842-3283
Photo of Carmen del Valle-Izurieta, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Carmen del Valle-Izurieta
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32257
According to the German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” I disagree! Instead, trauma, if left unprocessed/untreated, it has the potential to cause unnecessary and significant mental distress. Throughout our lives, we, the vast majority of us, may experience traumatic events (micro and/or macro). During these trauma(s)—our role is simple—Survival. After the event(s), when we find ourselves on the other side of the trauma(s), again—our role is simple—To Go On With Life.
According to the German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” I disagree! Instead, trauma, if left unprocessed/untreated, it has the potential to cause unnecessary and significant mental distress. Throughout our lives, we, the vast majority of us, may experience traumatic events (micro and/or macro). During these trauma(s)—our role is simple—Survival. After the event(s), when we find ourselves on the other side of the trauma(s), again—our role is simple—To Go On With Life.
(904) 944-5701 View (904) 944-5701
Photo of Stacia McCahan, RMHCI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stacia McCahan
Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32223
I enjoy working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing concerns with, but not limited to, disordered eating, eating disorders, and body image concerns; anxiety; depression; self-esteem; critical self-talk; relationships, including with family; and interpersonal communication. I am grateful for the opportunity to join individuals, couples, and families on their journeys toward understanding, growth, freedom and empowerment.
I enjoy working with adolescents and adults who are experiencing concerns with, but not limited to, disordered eating, eating disorders, and body image concerns; anxiety; depression; self-esteem; critical self-talk; relationships, including with family; and interpersonal communication. I am grateful for the opportunity to join individuals, couples, and families on their journeys toward understanding, growth, freedom and empowerment.
(904) 799-7949 View (904) 799-7949
Photo of Tony Byrd, LCMHC
Tony Byrd
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32209
Hello, I’m Tony Byrd. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist with more than 27 years of experience. I am passionate about providing the best services possible as I walk through the recovery journey with each Client that I serve. My approach to providing the best treatment possible is to use a multifaceted system that includes providing as much time as possible to address all issues in a timely manner with empathy and unconditional positive regard as well as use of a range of therapeutic techniques that allow for Clients to traverse the journey as safely and effectively as possible.
Hello, I’m Tony Byrd. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist with more than 27 years of experience. I am passionate about providing the best services possible as I walk through the recovery journey with each Client that I serve. My approach to providing the best treatment possible is to use a multifaceted system that includes providing as much time as possible to address all issues in a timely manner with empathy and unconditional positive regard as well as use of a range of therapeutic techniques that allow for Clients to traverse the journey as safely and effectively as possible.
(813) 696-3435 View (813) 696-3435
Photo of Jan Agers Gallagher - Jan Gallagher, LMHC, LMHC, Counselor
Jan Gallagher, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32207
After over thirty years in practice, my most studied specialty is in relationship counseling. Loving feelings can grow when couples make a commitment of just 4 to 6 sessions. I teach enhanced communication skills and a conflict resolution model to help you talk out an issue all the way to a solution. I can help you move past the anger and towards a deeper connection. Some couples disagree over personality traits or gender differences? I increase your understanding of these differences so you can let go of those negative feelings. And I will help you change patterns of behavior that disrupt your present relationship.
After over thirty years in practice, my most studied specialty is in relationship counseling. Loving feelings can grow when couples make a commitment of just 4 to 6 sessions. I teach enhanced communication skills and a conflict resolution model to help you talk out an issue all the way to a solution. I can help you move past the anger and towards a deeper connection. Some couples disagree over personality traits or gender differences? I increase your understanding of these differences so you can let go of those negative feelings. And I will help you change patterns of behavior that disrupt your present relationship.
(904) 329-7976 View (904) 329-7976
Photo of Daniel Callahan, PhD, LMHC, FAPA, Counselor
Daniel Callahan
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, FAPA
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32224
Effective therapy, in my view, moves forward only when you, the patient, do not feel judged, talked down to or told what to do. It is only in this atmosphere of mutual respect and regard that you will surface and examine your issues in ways that give you insight to the "why's" of the choices you've made in the past, your responses to life's events, and options you might choose in the future. There are many different methods I may use depending on what seems most promising given your goals for therapy.
Effective therapy, in my view, moves forward only when you, the patient, do not feel judged, talked down to or told what to do. It is only in this atmosphere of mutual respect and regard that you will surface and examine your issues in ways that give you insight to the "why's" of the choices you've made in the past, your responses to life's events, and options you might choose in the future. There are many different methods I may use depending on what seems most promising given your goals for therapy.
(904) 409-3249 View (904) 409-3249
Photo of Josephine Ibisagba, LMHC
Josephine Ibisagba
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Do you struggle saying no to others in relationships? Do you have a difficult time emotionally regulating during transition periods? Are you struggling to find yourself after a major incident? If any of these apply to you, then you are in the right place. I am a dedicated and empathetic therapist with years of experience in assisting people in reconnecting with the most authentic version of themselves. My goal as a therapist is to make sure anybody who works with me feels seen and acknowledged. I specialize in mood disorders, self esteem issues, and trauma. I utilize trauma informed CBT and EMDR as interventions in sessions.
Do you struggle saying no to others in relationships? Do you have a difficult time emotionally regulating during transition periods? Are you struggling to find yourself after a major incident? If any of these apply to you, then you are in the right place. I am a dedicated and empathetic therapist with years of experience in assisting people in reconnecting with the most authentic version of themselves. My goal as a therapist is to make sure anybody who works with me feels seen and acknowledged. I specialize in mood disorders, self esteem issues, and trauma. I utilize trauma informed CBT and EMDR as interventions in sessions.
(904) 675-3862 View (904) 675-3862
1
...

See more therapy options for Jacksonville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Jacksonville, FL who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Coping Skills
68% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
80% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Jacksonville, FL see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jacksonville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.