Therapists in Fort Smith, AR

Photo of Jackie Susan Scarborough, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jackie Susan Scarborough
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
I have worked with various ages and issues, including depression, anxiety, and trauma. My counseling style is warm, empathic, and genuine. My approach is primarily cognitive-behavioral and humanistic. I believe that in many instances, our thought patterns directly affect our emotions and, subsequently, our behavior. I come from a viewpoint that you are the expert of you. No one knows you better than you! I look at myself as a guide and allow my clients to dictate the course and direction of counseling.
I have worked with various ages and issues, including depression, anxiety, and trauma. My counseling style is warm, empathic, and genuine. My approach is primarily cognitive-behavioral and humanistic. I believe that in many instances, our thought patterns directly affect our emotions and, subsequently, our behavior. I come from a viewpoint that you are the expert of you. No one knows you better than you! I look at myself as a guide and allow my clients to dictate the course and direction of counseling.
(479) 227-2652 View (479) 227-2652
Photo of Emily Starr, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Starr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
My mission is to help clients through the challenges they're facing so that they're able to live full, happy, and healthy lives. Seeking help is the first step toward greater contentment and an improved ability to cope with the struggles that life invariably throws our way- congratulations on taking that first important step! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with over fifteen years of experience in mental health. I work with adolescents, adults, divorced and single parents, and see people of every race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.
My mission is to help clients through the challenges they're facing so that they're able to live full, happy, and healthy lives. Seeking help is the first step toward greater contentment and an improved ability to cope with the struggles that life invariably throws our way- congratulations on taking that first important step! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with over fifteen years of experience in mental health. I work with adolescents, adults, divorced and single parents, and see people of every race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.
(479) 888-8172 View (479) 888-8172
Photo of William J Thornton, PhD, Psychologist
William J Thornton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
“I’ve tried therapy. It didn’t help.” “Nobody seems to know how to help me.” “I just want to get better.” These are words I hate hearing. Suffering people need Answers. Recovery from life’s trouble MUST begin with a thorough, accurate assessment, to ensure a unique, individualized treatment plan can be created. As a Clinical Psychologist, Dr. Bill uses advanced, specialized tools and skills to get you back to happiness, meaning, and a bright perspective. A psychologist is the highest, non-medical, mental health professional available. Entrust yourself and your loved ones to only the best care available. Call Dr. Bill 479-242-4560.
“I’ve tried therapy. It didn’t help.” “Nobody seems to know how to help me.” “I just want to get better.” These are words I hate hearing. Suffering people need Answers. Recovery from life’s trouble MUST begin with a thorough, accurate assessment, to ensure a unique, individualized treatment plan can be created. As a Clinical Psychologist, Dr. Bill uses advanced, specialized tools and skills to get you back to happiness, meaning, and a bright perspective. A psychologist is the highest, non-medical, mental health professional available. Entrust yourself and your loved ones to only the best care available. Call Dr. Bill 479-242-4560.
(479) 668-3418 View (479) 668-3418
Photo of Christa M Means, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christa M Means
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Counseling is the opportunity to walk alongside people in their most difficult times. Each person or couple has their own story to tell and its an honor to join them in their journey. My goal in counseling is to help people who feel lost find hope and a clearer roadmap that leads to healing.
Counseling is the opportunity to walk alongside people in their most difficult times. Each person or couple has their own story to tell and its an honor to join them in their journey. My goal in counseling is to help people who feel lost find hope and a clearer roadmap that leads to healing.
(479) 282-2703 View (479) 282-2703
Photo of Deborah Braboy, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah Braboy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72901
My goal is that folks feel hope when they leave my office. I believe that individuals, couples, and families are at times lacking the tools to get back on track after they have been derailed by life. I believe healing starts within the therapeutic relationship and I look forward to connecting with clients! My job is to help them on their journey in working toward a healthy outlook and better connections in their relationships. I enjoy working with those who are dealing with grief & loss issues, relationship struggles, adolescents who are figuring out life, & adults who need someone who cares.
My goal is that folks feel hope when they leave my office. I believe that individuals, couples, and families are at times lacking the tools to get back on track after they have been derailed by life. I believe healing starts within the therapeutic relationship and I look forward to connecting with clients! My job is to help them on their journey in working toward a healthy outlook and better connections in their relationships. I enjoy working with those who are dealing with grief & loss issues, relationship struggles, adolescents who are figuring out life, & adults who need someone who cares.
(479) 385-6098 View (479) 385-6098
Photo of Carrie Anne Lucas, MS, LPC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carrie Anne Lucas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903  (Online Only)
My passion is for helping couples and individuals connect in a secure way through the process of therapy. I see adult couples and individuals, and I have experience with grief issues, sexual abuse/trauma/PTSD, mood disorders, and anxiety issues. I hope to meet you wherever you are and create space to allow you the chance to move forward where you would like to be individually and/or with your partner. I consider it a great honor for you to consider trusting me with delicate parts of your life and relationships.
My passion is for helping couples and individuals connect in a secure way through the process of therapy. I see adult couples and individuals, and I have experience with grief issues, sexual abuse/trauma/PTSD, mood disorders, and anxiety issues. I hope to meet you wherever you are and create space to allow you the chance to move forward where you would like to be individually and/or with your partner. I consider it a great honor for you to consider trusting me with delicate parts of your life and relationships.
(479) 235-4658 View (479) 235-4658
Photo of Deirdra Gordon, LPC, AADC, Counselor
Deirdra Gordon
Counselor, LPC, AADC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903  (Online Only)
Need an ESA letter? I provide clinical assessments and recommendations for qualifying patients in need of emotional support animal (ESA) housing assistance. I also offer individual psychotherapy sessions for patients seeking a holistic approach to their personal growth and healing.
Need an ESA letter? I provide clinical assessments and recommendations for qualifying patients in need of emotional support animal (ESA) housing assistance. I also offer individual psychotherapy sessions for patients seeking a holistic approach to their personal growth and healing.
(479) 388-1272 View (479) 388-1272
Photo of Erica Hutchison, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erica Hutchison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
I provide play therapy and counseling services to children, adolescents, and their families. I feel privileged to work with children and help them to heal emotionally, repair relationships, and improve daily functioning. I believe that all children possess the inner resources to heal themselves. I also believe that play therapy, family support, and the child's relationship with the therapist, best enable children to access those inner resources so they can heal, move forward, and be successful.
I provide play therapy and counseling services to children, adolescents, and their families. I feel privileged to work with children and help them to heal emotionally, repair relationships, and improve daily functioning. I believe that all children possess the inner resources to heal themselves. I also believe that play therapy, family support, and the child's relationship with the therapist, best enable children to access those inner resources so they can heal, move forward, and be successful.
(479) 717-9071 View (479) 717-9071
Photo of Branden Carr, DO, PhD
Branden Carr
DO, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903  (Online Only)
I am open to helping any individual that needs help with a psychiatric diagnosis. I do not treat acute events that need detox but happy to help sustained sobriety. I am also happy to help with Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, OCD, PTSD, and many more.
I am open to helping any individual that needs help with a psychiatric diagnosis. I do not treat acute events that need detox but happy to help sustained sobriety. I am also happy to help with Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar disorder, OCD, PTSD, and many more.
(479) 323-2214 View (479) 323-2214
Photo of Lisa Laney, MS, LPC, LMFT, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Laney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72901
Waitlist for new clients
We all have struggles from time to time. Life can bring loss, disappointment, confusion, frustration, and the feeling of being completely overwhelmed. The clutter of emotions can take over our lives and affect our relationships. A counselor provides an emphatic ear, support, and a safe place to sort through the struggles and emotions. Many times I find clients are unaware of their strengths therefore underutilizing them. Some simply are unsure of the next step. I help clients regain control of their emotions and clear the way to better choices.
We all have struggles from time to time. Life can bring loss, disappointment, confusion, frustration, and the feeling of being completely overwhelmed. The clutter of emotions can take over our lives and affect our relationships. A counselor provides an emphatic ear, support, and a safe place to sort through the struggles and emotions. Many times I find clients are unaware of their strengths therefore underutilizing them. Some simply are unsure of the next step. I help clients regain control of their emotions and clear the way to better choices.
(479) 431-6922 View (479) 431-6922
Photo of Donna Morgan, MS, LPC-S, TA-S, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Donna Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, TA-S, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Hurts and pain leave us feeling shattered, injured, and disconnected from our true selves. You may be fed up with the constant pain from your past, feeling that you will never be happy or normal. You might not even remember a time when life didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to be happy and move forward without the past haunting or hurting you. You’re ready to have and feel peace in your heart, brain, and body. Most of all, you’re ready to know you are enough and that your future can be full of happiness and joy
Hurts and pain leave us feeling shattered, injured, and disconnected from our true selves. You may be fed up with the constant pain from your past, feeling that you will never be happy or normal. You might not even remember a time when life didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to be happy and move forward without the past haunting or hurting you. You’re ready to have and feel peace in your heart, brain, and body. Most of all, you’re ready to know you are enough and that your future can be full of happiness and joy
(479) 888-4757 View (479) 888-4757
Photo of Kelly Webb, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelly Webb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72916
At some point in our lives we have felt broken. It can feel painful and we might want to avoid this pain, numb this pain, or feed this pain with unhealthy outlets. That pain may feel heavy and too hard to carry. I want to provide a space where all broken pieces are seen and heard. All broken pieces have meaning, value and are valid. A place where the pain you carry is lighter because you are not having to bear it alone. It is an honor for me to be able to meet you where you are in these spaces and watch you break through barriers that have kept you trapped or stuck, allowing you to fulfill your purpose.
At some point in our lives we have felt broken. It can feel painful and we might want to avoid this pain, numb this pain, or feed this pain with unhealthy outlets. That pain may feel heavy and too hard to carry. I want to provide a space where all broken pieces are seen and heard. All broken pieces have meaning, value and are valid. A place where the pain you carry is lighter because you are not having to bear it alone. It is an honor for me to be able to meet you where you are in these spaces and watch you break through barriers that have kept you trapped or stuck, allowing you to fulfill your purpose.
(479) 222-8689 View (479) 222-8689
Photo of Dr. Lisa Albuja, PhD, CCTP, CYTP, CFTP, TF-CBT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Lisa Albuja
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, CCTP, CYTP, CFTP, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72916
Where do I go from here you might ask? You've endured a traumatic experience, maybe even more than once. You just had another blowout with your troublesome child or your family is in a spiraling crisis. You're in a volatile custody battle. Perhaps you don't recognize who you are anymore. You are paralyzed with fear or you don't know why you are so sad. Did that last explosive outburst of anger cross a penalizing line? I can help. I can work to help you function, to overcome a baffling obstacle or see a new vista.
Where do I go from here you might ask? You've endured a traumatic experience, maybe even more than once. You just had another blowout with your troublesome child or your family is in a spiraling crisis. You're in a volatile custody battle. Perhaps you don't recognize who you are anymore. You are paralyzed with fear or you don't know why you are so sad. Did that last explosive outburst of anger cross a penalizing line? I can help. I can work to help you function, to overcome a baffling obstacle or see a new vista.
(479) 282-2827 View (479) 282-2827
Photo of Melinda Hyatt, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melinda Hyatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72901
As many of us have experienced, life can be difficult with the stress of daily life, caring for loved ones, maintaining friendships, health conditions, and employment issues. This can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression which can further hinder your goals. Seeking guidance and support to ease your struggles can aid you in identifying your strengths, learning to make change, and obtaining your goals. As a Licensed Social Worker for more than 16 years and ,now, a Licensed Master of Social Work, I have been at the side of clients experiencing major life changes and stressors to offer support and therapeutic interventions.
As many of us have experienced, life can be difficult with the stress of daily life, caring for loved ones, maintaining friendships, health conditions, and employment issues. This can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression which can further hinder your goals. Seeking guidance and support to ease your struggles can aid you in identifying your strengths, learning to make change, and obtaining your goals. As a Licensed Social Worker for more than 16 years and ,now, a Licensed Master of Social Work, I have been at the side of clients experiencing major life changes and stressors to offer support and therapeutic interventions.
(479) 408-5562 View (479) 408-5562
Photo of Ada Floyd, LPC-S, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ada Floyd
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Waitlist for new clients
I work with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, OCD and ADHD; however, my primary areas of focus are working within the LGBTQIA+ community and with trauma. I have completed training in several modalities to increase my ability to help people navigate through their struggles. I know the value of therapy for trauma due to my own experiences and try to bring compassion and empathy into every session. I use a variety of techniques and tools, such as EMDR, ego state therapy, and CBT to help tailor therapy to each individual client.
I work with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, OCD and ADHD; however, my primary areas of focus are working within the LGBTQIA+ community and with trauma. I have completed training in several modalities to increase my ability to help people navigate through their struggles. I know the value of therapy for trauma due to my own experiences and try to bring compassion and empathy into every session. I use a variety of techniques and tools, such as EMDR, ego state therapy, and CBT to help tailor therapy to each individual client.
(479) 323-3152 View (479) 323-3152
Photo of Crystal Warren, LPC, Counselor
Crystal Warren
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You deserve a life that brings you happiness and makes you feel at peace. Many of us at some point in our life have suffered with depression and anxiety that leaves us feeling stuck, but there is hope. There is hope if you are struggling with addiction, to overcome your past, or a parent struggling with their child's behaviors. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for. During my years as a therapist, I have helped individuals, children/teens, and families find healing and understanding. Reaching out for help can be intimidating, but I hope you will make that call and see how I can help.
You deserve a life that brings you happiness and makes you feel at peace. Many of us at some point in our life have suffered with depression and anxiety that leaves us feeling stuck, but there is hope. There is hope if you are struggling with addiction, to overcome your past, or a parent struggling with their child's behaviors. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for. During my years as a therapist, I have helped individuals, children/teens, and families find healing and understanding. Reaching out for help can be intimidating, but I hope you will make that call and see how I can help.
(479) 333-8299 View (479) 333-8299
Photo of Eva Wood, MA, LAC, CIT, Counselor
Eva Wood
Counselor, MA, LAC, CIT
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72901
I offer treatment to a wide range of clients ages 5 to adult. As a therapist I am here to walk with my clients while they are working through some of life's toughest obstacles. I strive to be there for them while they decide what steps that need to taken in order to remove barriers in their lives to be able to live their healthiest life possible. My goal as a therapist is to give 100% to them each time that they walk into my office and work with them on the issues that they have in the away that benefits them the most.
I offer treatment to a wide range of clients ages 5 to adult. As a therapist I am here to walk with my clients while they are working through some of life's toughest obstacles. I strive to be there for them while they decide what steps that need to taken in order to remove barriers in their lives to be able to live their healthiest life possible. My goal as a therapist is to give 100% to them each time that they walk into my office and work with them on the issues that they have in the away that benefits them the most.
(479) 401-2519 x306 View (479) 401-2519 x306
Photo of Tara Clifford, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tara Clifford
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Step out into freedom and embrace the life you were born to live! Is fear running your life? Do you hide the “real you” from family & friends? Discover the courage to be who you truly are! Many people dealing with anxiety, depression and gender and sexuality issues feel they are missing out on life. Clients I work with often report feeling alone and afraid to reach out for help. They no longer want to hide who they are, yet also feel stuck moving forward due to lack of support or fear of judgement. My passion is to help you ditch the shame and find freedom to love the person in the mirror despite the opinions of others.
Step out into freedom and embrace the life you were born to live! Is fear running your life? Do you hide the “real you” from family & friends? Discover the courage to be who you truly are! Many people dealing with anxiety, depression and gender and sexuality issues feel they are missing out on life. Clients I work with often report feeling alone and afraid to reach out for help. They no longer want to hide who they are, yet also feel stuck moving forward due to lack of support or fear of judgement. My passion is to help you ditch the shame and find freedom to love the person in the mirror despite the opinions of others.
View
Photo of Linda LeAnn Howard, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda LeAnn Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72901  (Online Only)
Linda is a Licensed Professional Counselor that treats teens, adults, and couples through difficult situations, relationship problems, trauma, grief and loss to restore their emotional health. With compassion and non-judgmental care Linda works with her clients to diminish doubt and worry and instill hope and healing. Linda has a unique understanding of the mind body connection and the life-style and emotional difficulties associated with managing chronic mental and physical illnesses, and the stress of care giving responsibilities.
Linda is a Licensed Professional Counselor that treats teens, adults, and couples through difficult situations, relationship problems, trauma, grief and loss to restore their emotional health. With compassion and non-judgmental care Linda works with her clients to diminish doubt and worry and instill hope and healing. Linda has a unique understanding of the mind body connection and the life-style and emotional difficulties associated with managing chronic mental and physical illnesses, and the stress of care giving responsibilities.
(479) 689-8372 View (479) 689-8372
Photo of Rodney Neighbors, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rodney Neighbors
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72916
We are all looking for that safe space where we can go to heal heal and work on finding ways to improve our lives. People's struggles are real and we all just want that person who we know is in our corner when no one else is , but we also need that person who can help us figure out how to turn things around when it seems like there is no hope of changing things.
We are all looking for that safe space where we can go to heal heal and work on finding ways to improve our lives. People's struggles are real and we all just want that person who we know is in our corner when no one else is , but we also need that person who can help us figure out how to turn things around when it seems like there is no hope of changing things.
(479) 341-5614 View (479) 341-5614
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fort Smith, AR

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fort Smith, AR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
65% Coping Skills
64% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Ambetter
55% QualChoice

How Therapists in Fort Smith, AR see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fort Smith?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.