Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of Margaret Tucker Cardon, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Margaret Tucker Cardon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Feeling like depression, anxiety, panic, or relationship issues are getting in the way of your ability to live your best, most fulfilling life? I would love to help. I work with adults and teens ages 16+ who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life-changes, and more. I use a psychodynamic approach to individual clients' problems and work to help them gain insight. I also enjoy educating clients about mental health and teaching specific skills when appropriate. I love working with couples, especially in short-term pre-marital counseling.
Feeling like depression, anxiety, panic, or relationship issues are getting in the way of your ability to live your best, most fulfilling life? I would love to help. I work with adults and teens ages 16+ who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life-changes, and more. I use a psychodynamic approach to individual clients' problems and work to help them gain insight. I also enjoy educating clients about mental health and teaching specific skills when appropriate. I love working with couples, especially in short-term pre-marital counseling.
(703) 844-2843 View (703) 844-2843
Photo of Kristy Theodore, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristy Theodore
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Over the last 14 years, I have had the opportunity to work with youth, adults, couples, and families to address issues related to depression, anxiety, ineffective parenting, addiction, personality disorders, relationship issues, family conflict, self-harm behaviors, and other life stressors. I also have extensive experience treating complex trauma and dedicated the last several years to working with survivors of sexual violence of all ages and backgrounds. I am passionate about helping clients heal from traumatic experiences as well as cultivating healthy and fulfilling relationships.
Over the last 14 years, I have had the opportunity to work with youth, adults, couples, and families to address issues related to depression, anxiety, ineffective parenting, addiction, personality disorders, relationship issues, family conflict, self-harm behaviors, and other life stressors. I also have extensive experience treating complex trauma and dedicated the last several years to working with survivors of sexual violence of all ages and backgrounds. I am passionate about helping clients heal from traumatic experiences as well as cultivating healthy and fulfilling relationships.
(571) 450-9114 View (571) 450-9114
Photo of Heidi Elliot, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heidi Elliot
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Life doesn’t often go according to our plans. Unmet needs and expectations can leave deep and invisible scars. That doesn’t mean you’re broken, it means you’re human. I work with individuals to increase self-acceptance and self-awareness, build empathy, and improve the quality of their relationships. My hope is to support your journey to express, explore, and discover who you are and who you want to be.
Life doesn’t often go according to our plans. Unmet needs and expectations can leave deep and invisible scars. That doesn’t mean you’re broken, it means you’re human. I work with individuals to increase self-acceptance and self-awareness, build empathy, and improve the quality of their relationships. My hope is to support your journey to express, explore, and discover who you are and who you want to be.
(571) 366-7694 View (571) 366-7694
Photo of Gordon Meredith, MA, MSS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gordon Meredith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MSS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
People often enter therapy during times of emotional pain, uncertainty or at a time when they are seeking more meaning in their lives. Each person has within them a powerful impulse toward growth and healing. I trust that impulse and trust the therapeutic relationship to reveal your strengths, wisdom, and the next steps to your growth and healing. There is something of value in even the most difficult circumstances. When these circumstances are approached with an openness to learning, major transformations can take place. I find that the willingness to look inside yourself is a key factor in your healing.
People often enter therapy during times of emotional pain, uncertainty or at a time when they are seeking more meaning in their lives. Each person has within them a powerful impulse toward growth and healing. I trust that impulse and trust the therapeutic relationship to reveal your strengths, wisdom, and the next steps to your growth and healing. There is something of value in even the most difficult circumstances. When these circumstances are approached with an openness to learning, major transformations can take place. I find that the willingness to look inside yourself is a key factor in your healing.
(571) 998-1460 View (571) 998-1460
Photo of Violet Cerritelli, LPC-R
Violet Cerritelli
Resident in Counseling, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
You deserve to build the life you want and to experience enjoyment and satisfaction daily. Finding a purpose that brings you passion is within reach. I believe therapy can be that healing place where you are able to tackle all your problems, and feel supported in a safe space to express your emotions. I, as a therapist, enjoy using person-centered and mindfulness approaches in therapy to help clients with self-exploration and self-expression. Through this journey I hope to help you resolve core issues, foster growth, and instill hope in your life, while learning more about yourself.
You deserve to build the life you want and to experience enjoyment and satisfaction daily. Finding a purpose that brings you passion is within reach. I believe therapy can be that healing place where you are able to tackle all your problems, and feel supported in a safe space to express your emotions. I, as a therapist, enjoy using person-centered and mindfulness approaches in therapy to help clients with self-exploration and self-expression. Through this journey I hope to help you resolve core issues, foster growth, and instill hope in your life, while learning more about yourself.
(571) 497-4347 View (571) 497-4347
Photo of Heather Hayden, LPC-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Heather Hayden
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Hi Everyone, I am a Resident in Counseling providing counseling services via telehealth and in person at the Healthy Minds Therapy Alexandria location. I have experience working with teens and adults in residential and outpatient settings in crisis. I currently specialize in domestic violence & emotional abuse, self esteem, depression/anxiety and disordered eating.
Hi Everyone, I am a Resident in Counseling providing counseling services via telehealth and in person at the Healthy Minds Therapy Alexandria location. I have experience working with teens and adults in residential and outpatient settings in crisis. I currently specialize in domestic violence & emotional abuse, self esteem, depression/anxiety and disordered eating.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Dr. Jeanne M. Miller, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Jeanne M. Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist can feel like an exhausting search. If you are depressed, anxious, troubled in your relationships, coping with grief, struggling with past or current trauma, feeling hopeless or angry, or just trying to understand yourself better, I'm here to help. I believe we all have the answers we need inside us, but sometimes it takes working with a neutral observer to find those answers. Together you and I will work toward increased understanding of and ways to cope with whatever problems you would like to discuss. Therapy isn't necessarily easy, but it can help.
Finding the right therapist can feel like an exhausting search. If you are depressed, anxious, troubled in your relationships, coping with grief, struggling with past or current trauma, feeling hopeless or angry, or just trying to understand yourself better, I'm here to help. I believe we all have the answers we need inside us, but sometimes it takes working with a neutral observer to find those answers. Together you and I will work toward increased understanding of and ways to cope with whatever problems you would like to discuss. Therapy isn't necessarily easy, but it can help.
(703) 997-6777 View (703) 997-6777
Photo of Kimberly Folden, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly Folden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
**Virtual Therapist** We at Finding Clarity believe your mental and emotional health is just as important as your physical health and well being. Just as you would see your primary doctor to maintain your physical health, counseling is here to help maintain your emotional health. I understand the need to have a healed sense of self to address the ever-changing world. I utilize a strengths-based client-centered approach, trauma-informed treatment, and cognitive-behavioral techniques with my clients to promote healing and wellness.
**Virtual Therapist** We at Finding Clarity believe your mental and emotional health is just as important as your physical health and well being. Just as you would see your primary doctor to maintain your physical health, counseling is here to help maintain your emotional health. I understand the need to have a healed sense of self to address the ever-changing world. I utilize a strengths-based client-centered approach, trauma-informed treatment, and cognitive-behavioral techniques with my clients to promote healing and wellness.
(571) 520-0947 View (571) 520-0947
Photo of Kayla Barnoski, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kayla Barnoski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Kayla Barnoski is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of professional experience working with infants, toddlers, children, and teens with sides or concerns related to anxiety, depression, family issues, developmental disorders, behavioral issues, mood disorders, and more. Kayla received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a minor in Child Development and Family Studies at West Virginia University. She went on to earn her Master's degree in Counseling Psychology at Chatham University.
Kayla Barnoski is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of professional experience working with infants, toddlers, children, and teens with sides or concerns related to anxiety, depression, family issues, developmental disorders, behavioral issues, mood disorders, and more. Kayla received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a minor in Child Development and Family Studies at West Virginia University. She went on to earn her Master's degree in Counseling Psychology at Chatham University.
(703) 721-4843 View (703) 721-4843
Photo of Constance Raines - Constancy Therapy Services LLC., LCSW, LCSW-C, LICSW, CCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Constancy Therapy Services LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, LICSW, CCM
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22302  (Online Only)
My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style. - Maya Angelou Hello my name is Constance,
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C) in the states of Virginia, Maryland, DC, and Florida. I have 11 years of experience employed in behavioral health facilities, outpatient therapy clinics, correctional centers, veteran affairs, and also providing medical social work/ therapy to oncology, emergent, and crisis patients in the hospital setting.
My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style. - Maya Angelou Hello my name is Constance,
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C) in the states of Virginia, Maryland, DC, and Florida. I have 11 years of experience employed in behavioral health facilities, outpatient therapy clinics, correctional centers, veteran affairs, and also providing medical social work/ therapy to oncology, emergent, and crisis patients in the hospital setting.
(571) 749-2209 View (571) 749-2209
Photo of Crystal Desselle, LSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Crystal Desselle
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Hi! I'm Crystal Desselle, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in supervision. With a background in assisting children, adolescents, and adults, I deeply believe in the innate capacity for growth and healing within every individual. Often, all it requires is someone to accompany us on our journey, nudging us towards self-realization. I customize my methods to align with clients' unique circumstances, aiding them in nurturing the skills essential for reaching their aspirations.
Hi! I'm Crystal Desselle, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in supervision. With a background in assisting children, adolescents, and adults, I deeply believe in the innate capacity for growth and healing within every individual. Often, all it requires is someone to accompany us on our journey, nudging us towards self-realization. I customize my methods to align with clients' unique circumstances, aiding them in nurturing the skills essential for reaching their aspirations.
(571) 556-9575 View (571) 556-9575
Photo of Hela Baer, LCSW, E-RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hela Baer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, E-RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Welcome! I'm an integrative therapist and work with teens and adults experiencing challenges related to trauma, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, identity exploration, intercultural experiences, and complex family and/or relationship dynamics. It can feel really overwhelming to navigate these challenges alone. Working with a therapist can create a caring, compassionate space in your life to explore your inner and outer worlds, nurture your resilience, and cultivate joy and healing.
Welcome! I'm an integrative therapist and work with teens and adults experiencing challenges related to trauma, grief and loss, anxiety, depression, identity exploration, intercultural experiences, and complex family and/or relationship dynamics. It can feel really overwhelming to navigate these challenges alone. Working with a therapist can create a caring, compassionate space in your life to explore your inner and outer worlds, nurture your resilience, and cultivate joy and healing.
(703) 643-4730 View (703) 643-4730
Photo of Robert Evans Schulte, MSW, CGP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert Evans Schulte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CGP
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I believe we come to be fulfilled in life through our relationships--to ourselves, each other and the world around us. Emotional distress is a signal that one of those relationships is in trouble and needs attention. My approach to restoring wellbeing emphasizes empathy, compassionate communication and thoughtful action. A person who reaches out for professional help is making an important first step in the process of healing, learning and growing as a person. Collaborating with a therapist means establishing a trusting and respectful relationship and then exploring together a path to personal wellbeing. I'm committed to that.
I believe we come to be fulfilled in life through our relationships--to ourselves, each other and the world around us. Emotional distress is a signal that one of those relationships is in trouble and needs attention. My approach to restoring wellbeing emphasizes empathy, compassionate communication and thoughtful action. A person who reaches out for professional help is making an important first step in the process of healing, learning and growing as a person. Collaborating with a therapist means establishing a trusting and respectful relationship and then exploring together a path to personal wellbeing. I'm committed to that.
(540) 860-0942 View (540) 860-0942
Photo of J. Brian Suchocki, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
J. Brian Suchocki
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
With more than 15 years of therapy experience, I've come to understand that life's challenges are rarely straightforward. Therapy, to me, involves providing guidance and support to individuals navigating through exceptional circumstances. Together, we'll strive to enact the changes that hold utmost significance to you. My aim is to cultivate a secure environment where you feel unequivocally heard and valued.
With more than 15 years of therapy experience, I've come to understand that life's challenges are rarely straightforward. Therapy, to me, involves providing guidance and support to individuals navigating through exceptional circumstances. Together, we'll strive to enact the changes that hold utmost significance to you. My aim is to cultivate a secure environment where you feel unequivocally heard and valued.
(703) 634-4598 View (703) 634-4598
Photo of Felicea Robinson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Felicea Robinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Felicea Robinson is a dynamic Resident in Counseling that is dedicated to promoting emotional recovery, healing, and wholeness. Felicea is passionate about helping children, adolescents, and adults address their challenges and live drama and stress-free lives. Felicea specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, life transitions, self-esteem, stress management, and mood disorders.
Felicea Robinson is a dynamic Resident in Counseling that is dedicated to promoting emotional recovery, healing, and wholeness. Felicea is passionate about helping children, adolescents, and adults address their challenges and live drama and stress-free lives. Felicea specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship issues, life transitions, self-esteem, stress management, and mood disorders.
(571) 470-7071 View (571) 470-7071
Photo of Sarah Leffler, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Leffler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I am certified in Emotionally-Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT). EFCT is an approach to couples therapy that has been empirically validated by randomized controlled trials. I have been providing EFCT for over ten years and I am continuously touched by the transformations that I witness in my office. I will work with you to help you identify the patterns that leave you feeling disconnected from your partner. Next, we will explore the emotions and attachment styles that drive your patterns. Finally, I will gently guide you in experimenting with new ways to express yourself so that both you and your partner feel understood.
I am certified in Emotionally-Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT). EFCT is an approach to couples therapy that has been empirically validated by randomized controlled trials. I have been providing EFCT for over ten years and I am continuously touched by the transformations that I witness in my office. I will work with you to help you identify the patterns that leave you feeling disconnected from your partner. Next, we will explore the emotions and attachment styles that drive your patterns. Finally, I will gently guide you in experimenting with new ways to express yourself so that both you and your partner feel understood.
(703) 991-4839 View (703) 991-4839
Photo of Tammy Reade, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tammy Reade
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304
I'm Tammy Reade, a licensed professional counselor, having earned my degree from George Mason University in 2020. My path to counseling has been shaped by my personal journey, spanning over 25 years in the field. My diverse experience encompasses working with adults, couples, adolescents, and children. I've held roles such as a child protection worker, juvenile probation officer, advocate for domestic violence and sexual assault survivors, foster parent trainer, and jail therapist. Yet, my most meaningful role has been as an adoptive and foster parent for more than 22 years.
I'm Tammy Reade, a licensed professional counselor, having earned my degree from George Mason University in 2020. My path to counseling has been shaped by my personal journey, spanning over 25 years in the field. My diverse experience encompasses working with adults, couples, adolescents, and children. I've held roles such as a child protection worker, juvenile probation officer, advocate for domestic violence and sexual assault survivors, foster parent trainer, and jail therapist. Yet, my most meaningful role has been as an adoptive and foster parent for more than 22 years.
(571) 520-6027 View (571) 520-6027
Photo of George Coyne, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
George Coyne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Hi, thank you for reading about how I provide counseling to people. I believe that people argue because they do not feel understood or feel that anyone is listening. There are similarities between teenagers and couples in how they argue. "If this person would just listen to what I am saying things would be better." We want to be understood, cared for and loved. Many people these days do not feel any of these. I work with people so that they are able to attain the feelings that they desire. I have had the pleasure to work with people who feel like things are impossible to fix and to help them feel better.
Hi, thank you for reading about how I provide counseling to people. I believe that people argue because they do not feel understood or feel that anyone is listening. There are similarities between teenagers and couples in how they argue. "If this person would just listen to what I am saying things would be better." We want to be understood, cared for and loved. Many people these days do not feel any of these. I work with people so that they are able to attain the feelings that they desire. I have had the pleasure to work with people who feel like things are impossible to fix and to help them feel better.
(703) 328-4112 View (703) 328-4112
Photo of Stacie Kruzinski, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacie Kruzinski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Hello, I'm Stacie. As a licensed clinical social worker, I bring extensive experience across various healthcare settings, including inpatient psychiatric facilities and outpatient psychiatric/substance use treatment centers. My focus lies in empowering individuals to discover their inner drive for transformation, fostering stress management techniques, and nurturing self-assurance. My counseling approach is characterized by authenticity, support, genuineness, kindness, compassion, and responsiveness.
Hello, I'm Stacie. As a licensed clinical social worker, I bring extensive experience across various healthcare settings, including inpatient psychiatric facilities and outpatient psychiatric/substance use treatment centers. My focus lies in empowering individuals to discover their inner drive for transformation, fostering stress management techniques, and nurturing self-assurance. My counseling approach is characterized by authenticity, support, genuineness, kindness, compassion, and responsiveness.
(856) 788-7288 x1 View (856) 788-7288 x1
Photo of Brian R Mc Donald, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brian R Mc Donald
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I operate out of a deep sense of respect for each client. The answer to a person's problems ultimately lies within that person and I am here to help clients explore deeply those thoughts and feelings that may be contributing to a less that fulfilling life.
I operate out of a deep sense of respect for each client. The answer to a person's problems ultimately lies within that person and I am here to help clients explore deeply those thoughts and feelings that may be contributing to a less that fulfilling life.
(703) 468-8796 View (703) 468-8796

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Cigna and Evernorth
65% Aetna

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.