Therapists in Gainesville, FL

Photo of Linda Cook Allen, LMHC, Counselor
Linda Cook Allen
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32609  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Linda Allen a LMHC who has been in the Counseling Field for 30yrs. I love helping people and supporting their vision or creating a vision for Personal Success, Family Success and Relationship Success in all areas. I have worked with all parts of the family diagnamics: children, teenagers, young adults, parents and all issues that present. I have worked in schools, jails, prisons, DJJ, residential programs, hospice, nursing homes, disabilities, etc. I'm here to listen and support you with whatever the concerns are. Life can be hard, bu we can work together to create your Vision For Success. Blessings To You and Yours! :)
Hi! I'm Linda Allen a LMHC who has been in the Counseling Field for 30yrs. I love helping people and supporting their vision or creating a vision for Personal Success, Family Success and Relationship Success in all areas. I have worked with all parts of the family diagnamics: children, teenagers, young adults, parents and all issues that present. I have worked in schools, jails, prisons, DJJ, residential programs, hospice, nursing homes, disabilities, etc. I'm here to listen and support you with whatever the concerns are. Life can be hard, bu we can work together to create your Vision For Success. Blessings To You and Yours! :)
(352) 290-2411 View (352) 290-2411
Photo of Rebecca Penta Rose, LMHC, MM, Counselor
Rebecca Penta Rose
Counselor, LMHC, MM
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32606  (Online Only)
Are you a creative person looking for a unique approach to therapy? If you can imagine singing, writing or playing music as part of your ideal therapy session then you've come to the right place. I believe creativity is a way to work through challenges and move forward. I utilize expressive music processes in therapy (singing, songwriting, musical improvisation, movement, etc.) to help my clients. With a masters degree in music and over 20 years experience in the fields of music therapy, arts-based community facilitation, and music education, I provide my clients a safe space to express themselves, problem-solve and grow.
Are you a creative person looking for a unique approach to therapy? If you can imagine singing, writing or playing music as part of your ideal therapy session then you've come to the right place. I believe creativity is a way to work through challenges and move forward. I utilize expressive music processes in therapy (singing, songwriting, musical improvisation, movement, etc.) to help my clients. With a masters degree in music and over 20 years experience in the fields of music therapy, arts-based community facilitation, and music education, I provide my clients a safe space to express themselves, problem-solve and grow.
(904) 664-0101 View (904) 664-0101
Photo of Joelle Emily Doherty - Joelle Doherty, LMHC, LLC, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Joelle Doherty, LMHC, LLC
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32603  (Online Only)
Welcome to the first step in your journey in self-awareness and personal growth! I am looking forward to connecting with you! I believe that everyone can use an objective and non-judgmental person to listen to them and assist them in working through issues and patterns that often keep us from feeling happy and satisfied with our lives. I provide a positive and supportive environment and utilize strategies from different modalities. My outlook as a counselor is strength-based, and I believe in building on our strengths, while recognizing our weaknesses, in order to reach our full potential.
Welcome to the first step in your journey in self-awareness and personal growth! I am looking forward to connecting with you! I believe that everyone can use an objective and non-judgmental person to listen to them and assist them in working through issues and patterns that often keep us from feeling happy and satisfied with our lives. I provide a positive and supportive environment and utilize strategies from different modalities. My outlook as a counselor is strength-based, and I believe in building on our strengths, while recognizing our weaknesses, in order to reach our full potential.
(561) 821-2807 View (561) 821-2807
Photo of Xiaomin Zhang, RMHCI, MEd, EdS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Xiaomin Zhang
Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI, MEd, EdS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32601
We all, at some point in life, feel lost, stuck, disconnected, overwhelmed and want to feel peaceful again. I believe peace comes from a more integrated self, and I will support you to explore your self, bring more awareness and compassion to those parts of you that contain the hard feelings, and facilitate more acceptance within them. I work with adults and couples who experience challenging events like trauma, including childhood trauma, other complex and acute trauma, loss and grief, life transitions, relational problems, anxiety, depression, and intergenerational relationships.
We all, at some point in life, feel lost, stuck, disconnected, overwhelmed and want to feel peaceful again. I believe peace comes from a more integrated self, and I will support you to explore your self, bring more awareness and compassion to those parts of you that contain the hard feelings, and facilitate more acceptance within them. I work with adults and couples who experience challenging events like trauma, including childhood trauma, other complex and acute trauma, loss and grief, life transitions, relational problems, anxiety, depression, and intergenerational relationships.
(352) 453-8584 View (352) 453-8584
Photo of Kathleen Joseph, LMHC, Counselor
Kathleen Joseph
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32601
Trauma is any experience that you had that felt like too much, like it happened too fast or too soon, or like it was too much for you to handle. Even if it happened in childhood, trauma could impact your mental health and your relationships many years later. Feeling overwhelmed all the time and disconnected from the things that you used to love are signs that a past trauma experience is impacting your life today. And avoiding the painful memories, or rehashing what happened with your friends and family will not heal the trauma.
Trauma is any experience that you had that felt like too much, like it happened too fast or too soon, or like it was too much for you to handle. Even if it happened in childhood, trauma could impact your mental health and your relationships many years later. Feeling overwhelmed all the time and disconnected from the things that you used to love are signs that a past trauma experience is impacting your life today. And avoiding the painful memories, or rehashing what happened with your friends and family will not heal the trauma.
(352) 414-0861 View (352) 414-0861
Photo of Ronda R Jordan, PsyD, Psychologist
Ronda R Jordan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32653  (Online Only)
My therapy approach is collaborative, client-centered, trauma informed, and prioritizes the therapeutic relationship. Clients are typically motivated; We work together for change withinternal and/or external events that increase anxiety/fears, stress, panic, and interfere with sleep, relationships, goals, and self care. Clients often want to understand what is happening and why. Additionally, we work to explore practical tools and coping strategies. We also examine ways to process losses and integrate these experiences that continue impact their lives.
My therapy approach is collaborative, client-centered, trauma informed, and prioritizes the therapeutic relationship. Clients are typically motivated; We work together for change withinternal and/or external events that increase anxiety/fears, stress, panic, and interfere with sleep, relationships, goals, and self care. Clients often want to understand what is happening and why. Additionally, we work to explore practical tools and coping strategies. We also examine ways to process losses and integrate these experiences that continue impact their lives.
(239) 695-7733 View (239) 695-7733
Photo of Eric Dutton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eric Dutton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32605
Whether your goal is to become more productive, to find more meaning and purpose in life, to reduce emotional reactivity, or to gain some control over the symptoms of a mental illness, change is possible, and counseling can help. My approach is individualized for each client, but I often employ Internal Family Systems-informed therapy, mindfulness, existential, trauma-informed, and solution-focused approaches. I work with individuals, families, and groups.
Whether your goal is to become more productive, to find more meaning and purpose in life, to reduce emotional reactivity, or to gain some control over the symptoms of a mental illness, change is possible, and counseling can help. My approach is individualized for each client, but I often employ Internal Family Systems-informed therapy, mindfulness, existential, trauma-informed, and solution-focused approaches. I work with individuals, families, and groups.
(352) 436-8198 View (352) 436-8198
Photo of Dina Smith - Dina Smith Enneagram Consulting, LMHC, Coach, Counselor
Dina Smith Enneagram Consulting
Counselor, LMHC, Coach
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32601  (Online Only)
Working with an Enneagram Informed Mental Health Professional and Certified Coach can help you discover your Enneagram type and reveal why you think, feel and behave the way you do in your personal and professional life. Further exploration of your core motivations will give you direction in your relationships and help you reflect on how childhood patterns are impacting your adulthood. It is normal for us all to veer off our path. Using the Enneagram as your internal GPS will provide you with a map of how you can reconnect to yourself and your strengths while improving your relationships with your family and team at work.
Working with an Enneagram Informed Mental Health Professional and Certified Coach can help you discover your Enneagram type and reveal why you think, feel and behave the way you do in your personal and professional life. Further exploration of your core motivations will give you direction in your relationships and help you reflect on how childhood patterns are impacting your adulthood. It is normal for us all to veer off our path. Using the Enneagram as your internal GPS will provide you with a map of how you can reconnect to yourself and your strengths while improving your relationships with your family and team at work.
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Photo of Jillian Vella, PhD, LMHC, Counselor
Jillian Vella
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32608  (Online Only)
Welcome to my counseling practice. I know that choosing to begin or re-enter counseling can be a difficult or intimidating decision. My goal is to create a collaborative and safe therapeutic relationship where we can work towards your healing and wellness. I believe that distress - however it manifests - is a response to adversity. In working with people I find that the important questions to ask are "What have you been through?" Or, "What have you experienced?" Not, "What is wrong with you?"
Welcome to my counseling practice. I know that choosing to begin or re-enter counseling can be a difficult or intimidating decision. My goal is to create a collaborative and safe therapeutic relationship where we can work towards your healing and wellness. I believe that distress - however it manifests - is a response to adversity. In working with people I find that the important questions to ask are "What have you been through?" Or, "What have you experienced?" Not, "What is wrong with you?"
(352) 280-3965 View (352) 280-3965
Photo of Emily Westerholm, MS, RMHCI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Westerholm
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32606
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is tough. Perhaps someone that has never trusted a counselor before? Since I have worked in prisons and jails the last decade, I expect resistance, mistrust, and skepticism. Previously, I worked as a substance use counselor. In that field I learned that there are many pathways and versions towards recovery and change. None of them are wrong. If you are willing to be a little uncomfortable, lets do that together. Life can be messy, cruel, and hilarious. I'll grab a paddle and jump in the boat of uncertainty with you.
My ideal client is tough. Perhaps someone that has never trusted a counselor before? Since I have worked in prisons and jails the last decade, I expect resistance, mistrust, and skepticism. Previously, I worked as a substance use counselor. In that field I learned that there are many pathways and versions towards recovery and change. None of them are wrong. If you are willing to be a little uncomfortable, lets do that together. Life can be messy, cruel, and hilarious. I'll grab a paddle and jump in the boat of uncertainty with you.
(352) 290-4365 View (352) 290-4365
Photo of Tinsley Lemon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tinsley Lemon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32609  (Online Only)
I have experience in helping individuals work through varied challenges, to include limited motivation, self-esteem struggles, depression, anxiety and more. I believe that you are the expert of your story...you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming the aspects that challenge you. I am available for scheduling on the following platforms: BetterHelp, Grow Therapy or directly through my personal website. Please do not hesitate to reach out with any questions. I look forward to working together.
I have experience in helping individuals work through varied challenges, to include limited motivation, self-esteem struggles, depression, anxiety and more. I believe that you are the expert of your story...you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming the aspects that challenge you. I am available for scheduling on the following platforms: BetterHelp, Grow Therapy or directly through my personal website. Please do not hesitate to reach out with any questions. I look forward to working together.
(352) 605-2493 View (352) 605-2493
Photo of Mandy Anderson, RCSWI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mandy Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, RCSWI
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32605
I’m a Registered Clinical Social Work Intern committed to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals seeking support. Through my education and practice, I have cultivated a deep understanding of various mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and eating disorders. My therapeutic approach is rooted in empathy, respect, and collaboration
I’m a Registered Clinical Social Work Intern committed to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals seeking support. Through my education and practice, I have cultivated a deep understanding of various mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and eating disorders. My therapeutic approach is rooted in empathy, respect, and collaboration
(352) 605-8371 View (352) 605-8371
Photo of Theresa Rodriguez, EdS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Theresa Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32609
Are you tired of falling into the same patterns over and over? Then you are ready to do some deeper work and I can guide or coach you to make the inner changes you need or to heal wounds that are now affecting you. With over twenty years of counseling experience, I draw on my skills and compassion to guide my clients to reach their goals. I have many great ideas and areas of expertise to help you. Schedule your in-person or telehealth counseling session today! You deserve a skilled and compassionate therapist.
Are you tired of falling into the same patterns over and over? Then you are ready to do some deeper work and I can guide or coach you to make the inner changes you need or to heal wounds that are now affecting you. With over twenty years of counseling experience, I draw on my skills and compassion to guide my clients to reach their goals. I have many great ideas and areas of expertise to help you. Schedule your in-person or telehealth counseling session today! You deserve a skilled and compassionate therapist.
(352) 292-1991 View (352) 292-1991
Photo of Elisabeth Ansel Edwards, MA, LMHC, LMFT, Counselor
Elisabeth Ansel Edwards
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32601
Waitlist for new clients
I work from a relational and insight oriented approach. I believe that we were all created for connection and that our woundedness often gets in the way of this connectedness, whether it be to God or to others. Deep, intensive, soul counseling can help heal this woundedness so that connections are more honest, genuine, and whole. It should also leave you with a deeper sense of self and identity, so that you can interact in healthy ways with the world around you.
I work from a relational and insight oriented approach. I believe that we were all created for connection and that our woundedness often gets in the way of this connectedness, whether it be to God or to others. Deep, intensive, soul counseling can help heal this woundedness so that connections are more honest, genuine, and whole. It should also leave you with a deeper sense of self and identity, so that you can interact in healthy ways with the world around you.
(352) 325-4587 View (352) 325-4587
Photo of Cindi Gayle - The Florida OCD Autism + Anxiety Treatment Center
The Florida OCD Autism + Anxiety Treatment Center
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32608
We offer high quality psychological services (testing and therapy) using evidence-based and integrative methods let us provide a holistic approach to better understanding you. We practice cultural humility and help our clients achieve their goals with empathy and compassion while providing a safe, collaborative environment in which diversity is celebrated and supported in all of its forms. We are dedicated to improving our professional competence through continuing education and consultation. We offer workshops, teaching and supervision for mental health professionals.
We offer high quality psychological services (testing and therapy) using evidence-based and integrative methods let us provide a holistic approach to better understanding you. We practice cultural humility and help our clients achieve their goals with empathy and compassion while providing a safe, collaborative environment in which diversity is celebrated and supported in all of its forms. We are dedicated to improving our professional competence through continuing education and consultation. We offer workshops, teaching and supervision for mental health professionals.
(352) 290-3773 View (352) 290-3773
Photo of Julie Mishoe, MSW, LCSW
Julie Mishoe
MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32653  (Online Only)
Finding the right counselor can be intimidating and overwhelming, and I'm here to start whenever you're ready. I work with clients to help them find their strengths, let go of shame, grieve loss, ground themselves, adjust to life changes, and/or find joy and acceptance in who they are right now. For clients that want to see positive changes, I will be there to come alongside of them to help them grow in ways that they see as true to themselves. Where do you see yourself in 6 months or a year from now?
Finding the right counselor can be intimidating and overwhelming, and I'm here to start whenever you're ready. I work with clients to help them find their strengths, let go of shame, grieve loss, ground themselves, adjust to life changes, and/or find joy and acceptance in who they are right now. For clients that want to see positive changes, I will be there to come alongside of them to help them grow in ways that they see as true to themselves. Where do you see yourself in 6 months or a year from now?
(352) 618-6441 View (352) 618-6441
Photo of Kim Richmond, LMHC, Counselor
Kim Richmond
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32605  (Online Only)
My approach is to offer clients the support, acceptance, insight and guidance needed in order to achieve a healthier and more fulfilling level of functioning in their lives. You may have already identified goals for self-improvement that you’d like to sort through, or maybe you are not yet able to articulate anything beyond your desire to alleviate a general discomfort, soreness, pain or paralyses you feel in one or more areas of your life. It is OK to enter counseling with more questions than answers! Your counseling journey has already begun as you’ve started to research counselors and take this important step for yourself.
My approach is to offer clients the support, acceptance, insight and guidance needed in order to achieve a healthier and more fulfilling level of functioning in their lives. You may have already identified goals for self-improvement that you’d like to sort through, or maybe you are not yet able to articulate anything beyond your desire to alleviate a general discomfort, soreness, pain or paralyses you feel in one or more areas of your life. It is OK to enter counseling with more questions than answers! Your counseling journey has already begun as you’ve started to research counselors and take this important step for yourself.
(352) 364-5790 View (352) 364-5790
Photo of Collin Richards, MEd, EdS, RMHCI
Collin Richards
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MEd, EdS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32606
Many of us find ourselves stuck reliving old patterns and creating needless pain for ourselves and others. Often these patterns, which may or may not be labeled by society as an illness or a disorder, represent our best attempts at responding to harmful circumstances and relationships, trauma, oppression, and other real challenges. Whatever the past or present may hold, our work now is to become aware of our patterns and decide which ones to keep and which ones to replace in service of ease and connection instead of continued suffering.
Many of us find ourselves stuck reliving old patterns and creating needless pain for ourselves and others. Often these patterns, which may or may not be labeled by society as an illness or a disorder, represent our best attempts at responding to harmful circumstances and relationships, trauma, oppression, and other real challenges. Whatever the past or present may hold, our work now is to become aware of our patterns and decide which ones to keep and which ones to replace in service of ease and connection instead of continued suffering.
(352) 310-8492 View (352) 310-8492
Photo of Mariah Williams, LMHC
Mariah Williams
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, FL 32601
Why settle for less than you deserve: spending your time feeling alone, unworthy, & anxious? Are you entering a new phase of life but feel lost? Maybe you're starting college, navigating parenthood for the first time, or finding yourself in a new city where you don't know anyone... It seems like everyone else has it figured out, so why can’t you? The short answer is: you can! The reality is: it comes with perseverance, commitment, & willingness to put in place the tools that will help you move forward. You can move forward! You can wake up each day feeling hopeful for & deserving of the promising things that life can hold!
Why settle for less than you deserve: spending your time feeling alone, unworthy, & anxious? Are you entering a new phase of life but feel lost? Maybe you're starting college, navigating parenthood for the first time, or finding yourself in a new city where you don't know anyone... It seems like everyone else has it figured out, so why can’t you? The short answer is: you can! The reality is: it comes with perseverance, commitment, & willingness to put in place the tools that will help you move forward. You can move forward! You can wake up each day feeling hopeful for & deserving of the promising things that life can hold!
(352) 649-3830 View (352) 649-3830
Photo of David Cox, PhD, EdS, MA, Counselor
David Cox
Counselor, PhD, EdS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32606
I work with men, women, students, and couples. My master's focus was in mental health and trauma, my PhD internship focused on community mental health. I treat anxiety and stress, along with trauma disorders using EMDR. I can help clients with a wide range of issues. My approach to therapy is client centered. I treat the whole person, not just a symptom profile of the person. Results from my work include symptom reduction and clients feeling more confident and focused. Clients also report not feeling so burdened internally, thus freeing them to be more alive and present, thus increasing quality of life experience,
I work with men, women, students, and couples. My master's focus was in mental health and trauma, my PhD internship focused on community mental health. I treat anxiety and stress, along with trauma disorders using EMDR. I can help clients with a wide range of issues. My approach to therapy is client centered. I treat the whole person, not just a symptom profile of the person. Results from my work include symptom reduction and clients feeling more confident and focused. Clients also report not feeling so burdened internally, thus freeing them to be more alive and present, thus increasing quality of life experience,
(352) 378-3000 View (352) 378-3000
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gainesville, FL

400+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Gainesville, FL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Gainesville, FL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gainesville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.