Therapists in Bridgton, ME

Photo of Lisa Kolofsky, LCPC-C, NCC, Counselor
Lisa Kolofsky
Counselor, LCPC-C, NCC
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009
When life seems difficult and so challenging you feel overwhelmed, your surroundings could play a key role. Whether you are experiencing stress, anxiety, parental responsibilities, grieving a loss, depression, empty nesting, downsizing excess clutter, decluttering unorganized spaces or any life transition - Let me help.
When life seems difficult and so challenging you feel overwhelmed, your surroundings could play a key role. Whether you are experiencing stress, anxiety, parental responsibilities, grieving a loss, depression, empty nesting, downsizing excess clutter, decluttering unorganized spaces or any life transition - Let me help.
(207) 280-8844 View (207) 280-8844
Photo of Tighe Blackadar, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tighe Blackadar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bridgton, ME 04009
Hey! I'm really glad you stopped by. I know life can be really tough sometimes, and it’s okay to feel overwhelmed or unsure. If you are having a hard time you are not alone, you deserve support, and I’m here to help. I specialize in working children, adolescents and their families to navigate challenges, build resilience, and forge deeper connections with self and others. With over a decade of experience in the field, I offer an individualized approach to therapy including CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Adventure Therapy, and trauma informed care.
Hey! I'm really glad you stopped by. I know life can be really tough sometimes, and it’s okay to feel overwhelmed or unsure. If you are having a hard time you are not alone, you deserve support, and I’m here to help. I specialize in working children, adolescents and their families to navigate challenges, build resilience, and forge deeper connections with self and others. With over a decade of experience in the field, I offer an individualized approach to therapy including CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Adventure Therapy, and trauma informed care.
(207) 204-3633 View (207) 204-3633
Photo of Krista Johnston - Lotus Flower Counseling, PLLC, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Lotus Flower Counseling, PLLC
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009
I am a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor and enjoy working with teens and adults, as well as families. I have a laid back approach and find value in a harm reduction. I specifically enjoy facilitating DBT Skills and SMART Recovery. I just opened a second location in Baldwin, ME and will still be offering telehealth services.
I am a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor and enjoy working with teens and adults, as well as families. I have a laid back approach and find value in a harm reduction. I specifically enjoy facilitating DBT Skills and SMART Recovery. I just opened a second location in Baldwin, ME and will still be offering telehealth services.
(207) 672-1128 View (207) 672-1128
Photo of David M Lynch, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David M Lynch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, difficulty with family relationships, feeling overwhelmed with everything that is going on in your life and in the world today? Are you experiencing anger, frustration and/or hopelessness that is interfering in your relationships and your happiness? Is your mid consumed with worry about the future? Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution focused therapy, trauma focused therapy and other therapeutic models including mindfulness practices are used to assist you in working through these challenges so you can create peace and hope in your personal life and relationships with others.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, difficulty with family relationships, feeling overwhelmed with everything that is going on in your life and in the world today? Are you experiencing anger, frustration and/or hopelessness that is interfering in your relationships and your happiness? Is your mid consumed with worry about the future? Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution focused therapy, trauma focused therapy and other therapeutic models including mindfulness practices are used to assist you in working through these challenges so you can create peace and hope in your personal life and relationships with others.
(207) 421-9172 View (207) 421-9172
Photo of Ann Lowell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Lowell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009
I use a holistic approach of mind, body and spirit to help in your healing. Do you want to decrease your anxiety, anger, or sadness? I hope to help support you with issues obstructing your life goals. We can work together using mindfulness, dialectical behavioral therapy and more to reduce anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and family conflict.
I use a holistic approach of mind, body and spirit to help in your healing. Do you want to decrease your anxiety, anger, or sadness? I hope to help support you with issues obstructing your life goals. We can work together using mindfulness, dialectical behavioral therapy and more to reduce anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and family conflict.
(207) 605-5817 View (207) 605-5817
Photo of Kevin Kelley, MMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kevin Kelley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009  (Online Only)
My approach is compassionate and collaborative, providing a supportive environment to identify and challenge the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may be keeping you stuck. What meaning do we attach to our experiences? How do we make sense of what happens to us? How are our relationships shaped by our expectations? How does our way of thinking affect our way of being? Together, we will explore ways to create positive change in your work, your relationships and your life.
My approach is compassionate and collaborative, providing a supportive environment to identify and challenge the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may be keeping you stuck. What meaning do we attach to our experiences? How do we make sense of what happens to us? How are our relationships shaped by our expectations? How does our way of thinking affect our way of being? Together, we will explore ways to create positive change in your work, your relationships and your life.
(323) 391-2741 View (323) 391-2741
Photo of Cheryl Bedan, MA, LCPC, NCC, LCMHC, Counselor
Cheryl Bedan
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009
Cheryl creates a safe, judgment free space, where a trusting therapeutic relationship is developed to bring about effective change and enhance well-being. Her counseling approach will not only support you to understand and address psychological and emotional distress but it can also be a preventative and proactive practice toward mental health wellness. Her approach is individualized and brings together concepts from different therapeutic modalities to increase self-awareness and healing. Change and development are continuous throughout our lifespan and we can all benefit from support to achieve, and maintain, mental wellness.
Cheryl creates a safe, judgment free space, where a trusting therapeutic relationship is developed to bring about effective change and enhance well-being. Her counseling approach will not only support you to understand and address psychological and emotional distress but it can also be a preventative and proactive practice toward mental health wellness. Her approach is individualized and brings together concepts from different therapeutic modalities to increase self-awareness and healing. Change and development are continuous throughout our lifespan and we can all benefit from support to achieve, and maintain, mental wellness.
(207) 843-3020 View (207) 843-3020
Photo of Ashlee Carbonaro, MEd, Coach, CTRP-E
Ashlee Carbonaro
MEd, Coach, CTRP-E
Verified Verified
Bridgton, ME 04009
Not accepting new clients
As a coach for children, teens and families, I am committed to creating a safe and nurturing space for growth, healing, and personal development. I believe that every individual possesses unique strengths and abilities, and my role is to guide in recognizing and harnessing their full potential. Through a compassionate and individualized approach, I work closely with my clients to identify their goals, explore their passions, and cultivate the skills needed to thrive in all areas of life. I'm a Mayo Clinic Trained Health and Wellness Coach. I'm a Certified Wisdom Coach for Children.
As a coach for children, teens and families, I am committed to creating a safe and nurturing space for growth, healing, and personal development. I believe that every individual possesses unique strengths and abilities, and my role is to guide in recognizing and harnessing their full potential. Through a compassionate and individualized approach, I work closely with my clients to identify their goals, explore their passions, and cultivate the skills needed to thrive in all areas of life. I'm a Mayo Clinic Trained Health and Wellness Coach. I'm a Certified Wisdom Coach for Children.
(833) 658-9877 View (833) 658-9877
Photo of Kimberly Leighton, MS, CCLS, RYT
Kimberly Leighton
MS, CCLS, RYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bridgton, ME 04009
Welcome to Play Warriors, Inc., (www.playwarriorsinc.com) a comprehensive and compassionate multi-faceted therapy practice designed to meet the diverse needs of children and families in Windham, Maine. Our integrated approach uses child life therapy and holistic services in order to support families navigating trauma, grief and loss. Our donation-based integrative therapies program, Silver Linings, offers peer support circles, massage, yoga, reiki, & spiritual readings in order to provide a holistic and effective family-centered therapeutic experience.
Welcome to Play Warriors, Inc., (www.playwarriorsinc.com) a comprehensive and compassionate multi-faceted therapy practice designed to meet the diverse needs of children and families in Windham, Maine. Our integrated approach uses child life therapy and holistic services in order to support families navigating trauma, grief and loss. Our donation-based integrative therapies program, Silver Linings, offers peer support circles, massage, yoga, reiki, & spiritual readings in order to provide a holistic and effective family-centered therapeutic experience.
(207) 387-7366 View (207) 387-7366

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jennifer Bella - Jen Bella LICSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jen Bella LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Denmark, ME 04022
Although I work with a range of clients, I have particular expertise and interest in working with the LGBTQ+ community. Since an online profile is so one dimensional, I offer an intro session for individuals to ask me as many questions as they like. I'm invested in being available and forthcoming (within a frame of professional boundaries). I feel unique qualities that I have are a sense of humor and a progressive world view that includes helping clients feel completely at ease and not judged. I recently attended a Harvard sponsored "Excellence in Trans Health" conference, and continue education that is current and cutting edge.
Although I work with a range of clients, I have particular expertise and interest in working with the LGBTQ+ community. Since an online profile is so one dimensional, I offer an intro session for individuals to ask me as many questions as they like. I'm invested in being available and forthcoming (within a frame of professional boundaries). I feel unique qualities that I have are a sense of humor and a progressive world view that includes helping clients feel completely at ease and not judged. I recently attended a Harvard sponsored "Excellence in Trans Health" conference, and continue education that is current and cutting edge.
(207) 203-9213 View (207) 203-9213
Photo of Sara Dominicus - Sara Dominicus, LCSW, Pllc, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Dominicus, LCSW, Pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Naples, ME 04055
I am a Polyvagal informed, licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in an individual practice. I have over 20 years of social work experience in a variety of settings. I currently provide support to adolescents, adults and older adults. I primarily work with individuals but provide relational support from an interpersonal perspective. Areas of focus within my practice are: anxiety, depression, grief, family/relational conflict and communication strategies. I most frequently access a mindfulness-based approach.
I am a Polyvagal informed, licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in an individual practice. I have over 20 years of social work experience in a variety of settings. I currently provide support to adolescents, adults and older adults. I primarily work with individuals but provide relational support from an interpersonal perspective. Areas of focus within my practice are: anxiety, depression, grief, family/relational conflict and communication strategies. I most frequently access a mindfulness-based approach.
(207) 536-6302 View (207) 536-6302
Photo of Stephanie Rowland, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Rowland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naples, ME 04055
As women, many of us have gone through times in our lives when we have experienced doubt about ourselves, our relationships, the world and our place in it. This distress can lead to symptoms of anxiety and depression among other mental health disorders which take us farther from our intended and hoped for destination: a useful and meaningful life. I work with older adolescent girls (16+) and women of all ages to establish and maintain a sense of confidence and wellbeing.
As women, many of us have gone through times in our lives when we have experienced doubt about ourselves, our relationships, the world and our place in it. This distress can lead to symptoms of anxiety and depression among other mental health disorders which take us farther from our intended and hoped for destination: a useful and meaningful life. I work with older adolescent girls (16+) and women of all ages to establish and maintain a sense of confidence and wellbeing.
View
Photo of Susannah Tully, MEd, LCPC
Susannah Tully
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Denmark, ME 04022
I provide personalized therapy through a strength-based, client centered and holistic lense. Although I work within a medical/ clinical framework, I tend to prefer a non-pathological approach to life circumstances and experiences. I also use a lifespan development approach to assist people in identifying growth as well as potential barriers that prevent them from accepting and thriving despite traumatic experiences, grief, heartbreak, or isolation. I work with people on managing post and acute stress, aiming for the end result of post traumatic growth.
I provide personalized therapy through a strength-based, client centered and holistic lense. Although I work within a medical/ clinical framework, I tend to prefer a non-pathological approach to life circumstances and experiences. I also use a lifespan development approach to assist people in identifying growth as well as potential barriers that prevent them from accepting and thriving despite traumatic experiences, grief, heartbreak, or isolation. I work with people on managing post and acute stress, aiming for the end result of post traumatic growth.
(207) 910-0424 View (207) 910-0424
Photo of Toni Jo Coppa, MS, LCPC-C, NCC, MFA, Counselor
Toni Jo Coppa
Counselor, MS, LCPC-C, NCC, MFA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Naples, ME 04055
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in Internal Family Systems Therapy (Certified, Level 3 Trained, and a regular Program Assistant for the IFS Institute). My ideal client comes to therapy curious, honest, and open-minded. Insightful exploration of your Parts will help cultivate a relationship with your authentic Self, revealing the inherent qualities of calm, confidence, courage, compassion, creativity, and clarity.
I specialize in Internal Family Systems Therapy (Certified, Level 3 Trained, and a regular Program Assistant for the IFS Institute). My ideal client comes to therapy curious, honest, and open-minded. Insightful exploration of your Parts will help cultivate a relationship with your authentic Self, revealing the inherent qualities of calm, confidence, courage, compassion, creativity, and clarity.
(207) 716-0585 View (207) 716-0585
Photo of Jamie Ann Morrison, LCSW, LICSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamie Ann Morrison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Denmark, ME 04022  (Online Only)
I am a licensed independent social worker (aka mental health therapist) in FL, WA, MA, NH and ME. Therapy is a partnership and part of my job is to hold up the mirror for you to look at yourself. While using the therapeutic space to vent and process is an important component, I see the most progress in people who recognize things they want to change while in session and then take action to make those changes while out in the world. It is MY goal to meet you where you're at as you navigate YOUR goals; you are the expert on yourself and it's important to me that, together, we really hone in on what it is that YOU want to focus on.
I am a licensed independent social worker (aka mental health therapist) in FL, WA, MA, NH and ME. Therapy is a partnership and part of my job is to hold up the mirror for you to look at yourself. While using the therapeutic space to vent and process is an important component, I see the most progress in people who recognize things they want to change while in session and then take action to make those changes while out in the world. It is MY goal to meet you where you're at as you navigate YOUR goals; you are the expert on yourself and it's important to me that, together, we really hone in on what it is that YOU want to focus on.
(727) 947-1572 View (727) 947-1572
Photo of William Munze, LMHC, CPC, NCC, Counselor
William Munze
Counselor, LMHC, CPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denmark, ME 04022
I help people overcome the challenges they face in everyday life: work or school, mood, stress, relationships, trauma and abuse. If you're not finding satisfaction or joy in life, if you feel stuck, or if you keep running into mental, emotional, or behavioral blocks, I can help. I work with adults and also specialize in helping college/university students and the unique challenges that go with college life: balancing academic and social demands, pressure to succeed, fitting in, "adulting," and possibly most importantly, becoming the person you want to be.
I help people overcome the challenges they face in everyday life: work or school, mood, stress, relationships, trauma and abuse. If you're not finding satisfaction or joy in life, if you feel stuck, or if you keep running into mental, emotional, or behavioral blocks, I can help. I work with adults and also specialize in helping college/university students and the unique challenges that go with college life: balancing academic and social demands, pressure to succeed, fitting in, "adulting," and possibly most importantly, becoming the person you want to be.
(617) 612-5604 View (617) 612-5604
Photo of Christine Ann Laflamme, LCMHC, LCPC, LPC, Counselor
Christine Ann Laflamme
Counselor, LCMHC, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brownfield, ME 04010  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am now offering telehealth only counseling to Texas residents. Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and stress? Let me help! I have been in practice since 2008 helping individuals learn ways of coping with the stressors of life, working through traumatic memories and experiences that can hold you back from living your best life. I offer a personalized, compassionate connection in therapy to ensure that you feel comfortable and have trust in the process to wellness and recovery.
I am now offering telehealth only counseling to Texas residents. Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and stress? Let me help! I have been in practice since 2008 helping individuals learn ways of coping with the stressors of life, working through traumatic memories and experiences that can hold you back from living your best life. I offer a personalized, compassionate connection in therapy to ensure that you feel comfortable and have trust in the process to wellness and recovery.
(207) 245-1685 View (207) 245-1685

Online Therapists

Photo of Will Bucklin, LADC, CCS, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Will Bucklin
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, CCS
Verified Verified
Vassalboro, ME 04989  (Online Only)
Living authentically is difficult, the world around us seeks to distract us from what we hold most dear. Addiction often holds us back from engaging in our lives and being present for both the big moments and small every day moments. In my practice I believe that each individual has a purpose and my goal is support you in discerning that purpose and staying true to it. I've often heard the term to "road to recovery". I don't believe that recovery is the destination, I believe that recovery is the road that is traveled. I would be honored to walk that road with you.
Living authentically is difficult, the world around us seeks to distract us from what we hold most dear. Addiction often holds us back from engaging in our lives and being present for both the big moments and small every day moments. In my practice I believe that each individual has a purpose and my goal is support you in discerning that purpose and staying true to it. I've often heard the term to "road to recovery". I don't believe that recovery is the destination, I believe that recovery is the road that is traveled. I would be honored to walk that road with you.
(207) 218-0576 View (207) 218-0576
Photo of Zachary Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Zachary Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brunswick, ME 04011
I am committed to meeting people where they are at, and work at the pace of each individual. I am trained in Internal Family Systems (IFS) and work with adults and adolescents seeking relief from the symptoms of trauma, addiction, anxiety, and depression. IFS helps people understand different aspects of their personality in compassionate and non-judgmental ways that leads to improved emotional regulation and overall sense of well being. It is an evidenced based practice that is effective at treating the various symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression.
I am committed to meeting people where they are at, and work at the pace of each individual. I am trained in Internal Family Systems (IFS) and work with adults and adolescents seeking relief from the symptoms of trauma, addiction, anxiety, and depression. IFS helps people understand different aspects of their personality in compassionate and non-judgmental ways that leads to improved emotional regulation and overall sense of well being. It is an evidenced based practice that is effective at treating the various symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression.
(207) 230-6840 View (207) 230-6840
Photo of Josh Schoenfeld, PhD, Psychologist
Josh Schoenfeld
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
My clinical approach weaves together the science and art of psychotherapy, and rests on two main principles. First, I am committed to doing what works: I draw on the latest clinical research to provide treatments rooted in a range of conceptual frameworks that are well supported by scientific evidence. Second, I recognize and honor individual differences: I use creativity and skill to design treatments that align with each client's unique needs and experiences.
My clinical approach weaves together the science and art of psychotherapy, and rests on two main principles. First, I am committed to doing what works: I draw on the latest clinical research to provide treatments rooted in a range of conceptual frameworks that are well supported by scientific evidence. Second, I recognize and honor individual differences: I use creativity and skill to design treatments that align with each client's unique needs and experiences.
(207) 517-2810 x116 View (207) 517-2810 x116

See more therapy options for Bridgton

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bridgton, ME

< 10

Therapists in Bridgton, ME who prioritize treating:

78% Behavioral Issues
67% Anxiety
56% Depression
56% Trauma and PTSD
56% School Issues
56% Family Conflict
56% Peer Relationships

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Harvard Pilgrim
75% MaineCare
50% Medicaid

How Therapists in Bridgton, ME see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

63% Female
37% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bridgton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.