Therapists in Ruxton, MD
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![Photo of Shalisa Partee, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d66d8045-2abc-4d76-b4c2-fb3cd925756d/2/320x400.jpeg)
Shalisa Partee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Baltimore, MD 21224 (Online Only)
Hello. A better tomorrow, starts today! My name is Shalisa. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My goal is to help you move forward, towards becoming the best version of yourself. Clients value my genuine and caring approach. They find our interactions engaging and appreciate my warmth and empathy. I am a solutions-focused therapist who utilizes evidence-based interventions to empower clients and achieve lasting results.
Hello. A better tomorrow, starts today! My name is Shalisa. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My goal is to help you move forward, towards becoming the best version of yourself. Clients value my genuine and caring approach. They find our interactions engaging and appreciate my warmth and empathy. I am a solutions-focused therapist who utilizes evidence-based interventions to empower clients and achieve lasting results.
![Photo of Abhik Saha, MA, LCPC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c1f52438-6a81-4c8a-8e9e-d4b5c36e4731/2/320x400.jpeg)
Are you a young adult struggling to envision your future? Are you feeling anxious or stuck? Have you been hurt or traumatized? Feel like your full potential is unreachable? Or frustrated with life? Be still. Breathe. Seek deep within, for YOU are the Guru. And you have the power to change things! Are you ready to transform your life, by feeling fulfilled in your passions and relationships? Are you ready to explore and journey into your own unique expression of self? Are you ready to tap into your true potential and gifts? Become a new radiant you with my support and guidance! All of you is welcome.
Are you a young adult struggling to envision your future? Are you feeling anxious or stuck? Have you been hurt or traumatized? Feel like your full potential is unreachable? Or frustrated with life? Be still. Breathe. Seek deep within, for YOU are the Guru. And you have the power to change things! Are you ready to transform your life, by feeling fulfilled in your passions and relationships? Are you ready to explore and journey into your own unique expression of self? Are you ready to tap into your true potential and gifts? Become a new radiant you with my support and guidance! All of you is welcome.
![Photo of Diego Llanes, LGPC, NBCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c5bfbcee-5649-400c-8a7f-025d8c19b6ab/2/320x400.jpeg)
Hablo Español! Are you a people pleaser? Would you like to feel more present? Are you feeling unheard or unwanted in your relationships? Do you feel unmotivated? Are you finding it difficult to cope with your environment, your emotions, or your thoughts? Do you feel yourself sinking or want to maintain the progress you have made? Are you grieving a loss? Do you feel as if you have no control over what is going on around you? Progress and taking charge of your healing is possible, admirable, and needed but it is difficult. Allow me to be your guide on this path to more authentic living in accordance with your values and skills.
Hablo Español! Are you a people pleaser? Would you like to feel more present? Are you feeling unheard or unwanted in your relationships? Do you feel unmotivated? Are you finding it difficult to cope with your environment, your emotions, or your thoughts? Do you feel yourself sinking or want to maintain the progress you have made? Are you grieving a loss? Do you feel as if you have no control over what is going on around you? Progress and taking charge of your healing is possible, admirable, and needed but it is difficult. Allow me to be your guide on this path to more authentic living in accordance with your values and skills.
![Photo of Denise Bike, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5023a747-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Are overthinking and overwhelm interfering with your work, relationships, and daily life? Reach out to me. I have over a decade of experience specializing in anxiety, early trauma, and adult ADHD. I also treat people who are out of and recovering from the impact of emotional abuse and/or infidelity in a past relationship. You can find new ways to shift out of exhausting old patterns as we go beyond talk therapy and skills training. We'll focus on the early issues underlying your symptoms, so you can respond to life's challenges by choice and live from your authentic self.
Are overthinking and overwhelm interfering with your work, relationships, and daily life? Reach out to me. I have over a decade of experience specializing in anxiety, early trauma, and adult ADHD. I also treat people who are out of and recovering from the impact of emotional abuse and/or infidelity in a past relationship. You can find new ways to shift out of exhausting old patterns as we go beyond talk therapy and skills training. We'll focus on the early issues underlying your symptoms, so you can respond to life's challenges by choice and live from your authentic self.
![Photo of 'mira' Mary Elizabeth Tessman, MA, LCPC, RYT-500, C-IAYT, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/761f4f9e-70ef-4d42-9787-23266c3a26f3/2/320x400.jpeg)
'mira' Mary Elizabeth Tessman
Counselor, MA, LCPC, RYT-500, C-IAYT
Verified Verified
Baltimore, MD 21209
Beneath all of our disappointments, losses, and heartbreaks, we all want to be valued for who we are, accepted for how we feel, and respected for what we think. I will encourage you to cultivate present moment awareness and self-compassion for the painful difficulties, challenging life circumstances, and to the inner narrative that keeps you stuck in habitual patterns of reacting. While fear and doubt may obscure your perspective, we will work together to help you develop strength-based skills and capacities for moving through challenges. I will help you access your inner wisdom for cultivating trust, balance, clarity, & connection.
Beneath all of our disappointments, losses, and heartbreaks, we all want to be valued for who we are, accepted for how we feel, and respected for what we think. I will encourage you to cultivate present moment awareness and self-compassion for the painful difficulties, challenging life circumstances, and to the inner narrative that keeps you stuck in habitual patterns of reacting. While fear and doubt may obscure your perspective, we will work together to help you develop strength-based skills and capacities for moving through challenges. I will help you access your inner wisdom for cultivating trust, balance, clarity, & connection.
![Photo of Tanory Ateek, LMSW, MA, RYT-200, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a5b21a6a-ec21-49e5-8c8a-850770e24350/1/320x400.jpeg)
Tanory Ateek
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, MA, RYT-200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21201 (Online Only)
I'm Tanory (she/they) & I am an EMDR and Somatic Experiencing trained therapist. I love working collaboratively with people who want to feel more whole, purposeful & alive in their lives. I work in creative, relational & evidence-based ways to help you transform a variety of issues. I specialize in working with any mental health issue that may be tied to trauma or complex trauma. The therapy techniques used do not require the retelling/re-experiencing of trauma to heal. Your natural inner strength will become more available to support you through whatever life brings, as we work gently and curiously with your unique nervous system.
I'm Tanory (she/they) & I am an EMDR and Somatic Experiencing trained therapist. I love working collaboratively with people who want to feel more whole, purposeful & alive in their lives. I work in creative, relational & evidence-based ways to help you transform a variety of issues. I specialize in working with any mental health issue that may be tied to trauma or complex trauma. The therapy techniques used do not require the retelling/re-experiencing of trauma to heal. Your natural inner strength will become more available to support you through whatever life brings, as we work gently and curiously with your unique nervous system.
![Photo of Yi Q Chen, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6882d535-a6fa-46ea-9552-0ccddcac4cdc/1/320x400.jpeg)
As a queer, Chinese, eldest daughter of immigrants, I believe that it is important to hold space for all parts of you, no matter how much hate those parts have internalized, no matter how much love those parts have been denied. I believe that your personal and ancestral pasts inform your present, and that you also have the power to functionally rewrite and close the chapters that are rooted in powerlessness, guilt, fear, and shame. Together, we can collaboratively and creatively tap into your strengths, values, inner wisdom, and identities in service of freeing up the space and energy to curate the meaningful life you deserve.
As a queer, Chinese, eldest daughter of immigrants, I believe that it is important to hold space for all parts of you, no matter how much hate those parts have internalized, no matter how much love those parts have been denied. I believe that your personal and ancestral pasts inform your present, and that you also have the power to functionally rewrite and close the chapters that are rooted in powerlessness, guilt, fear, and shame. Together, we can collaboratively and creatively tap into your strengths, values, inner wisdom, and identities in service of freeing up the space and energy to curate the meaningful life you deserve.
![Photo of Saumya Kaup Davis, LCPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9b0ae7a6-99a8-44eb-aabd-819b6acbb23f/1/320x400.jpeg)
Saumya Kaup Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21211 (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. I am a Licensed and Board-Certified Therapist in Maryland, Pennsylvania and South Carolina with over 10 years of professional work experience. I am a certified, as well as a lifelong, practitioner of meditation and yoga. My clinical experience comes from providing direct mental health and behavioral counseling for young children, teens, and adults with a variety of presenting issues including stress/anxiety, depression, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, trauma recovery, racialized and intergenerational trauma recovery, mood instability, ADHD and gender identity.
Hello and welcome. I am a Licensed and Board-Certified Therapist in Maryland, Pennsylvania and South Carolina with over 10 years of professional work experience. I am a certified, as well as a lifelong, practitioner of meditation and yoga. My clinical experience comes from providing direct mental health and behavioral counseling for young children, teens, and adults with a variety of presenting issues including stress/anxiety, depression, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, trauma recovery, racialized and intergenerational trauma recovery, mood instability, ADHD and gender identity.
![Photo of Dawn Blais, LGPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/209a84a8-bf84-465c-951f-0a2369e0e840/1/320x400.jpeg)
Do you often feel stuck in repetitive thought patterns or behaviors? Are you often anxious, nervous, reactive or frozen/unable to make changes that allow you to be more present to yourself and your life? I offer a safe and nurturing space for those seeking to understand and integrate the symptoms of heightened stress, anxiety, depression, and trauma recovery. I strive to help my clients understand the effects trauma and stress can have on the mind and body. We work together to help you recover from past and present difficult experiences to find more meaning, sense of contentment, and ability to create the life that you are seeking.
Do you often feel stuck in repetitive thought patterns or behaviors? Are you often anxious, nervous, reactive or frozen/unable to make changes that allow you to be more present to yourself and your life? I offer a safe and nurturing space for those seeking to understand and integrate the symptoms of heightened stress, anxiety, depression, and trauma recovery. I strive to help my clients understand the effects trauma and stress can have on the mind and body. We work together to help you recover from past and present difficult experiences to find more meaning, sense of contentment, and ability to create the life that you are seeking.
![Photo of Heather Douglas, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b94ea990-9b85-435a-aec1-e4530f1fcbbc/2/320x400.jpeg)
Heather Douglas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Baltimore, MD 21218 (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello, Welcome, and Congratulations on taking the step to become your best self! I am a Maryland and Washington DC Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW-C & LICSW) with over 8 years of experience working with teens and adult clients in need of support in order to go from surviving to thriving!
Hello, Welcome, and Congratulations on taking the step to become your best self! I am a Maryland and Washington DC Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW-C & LICSW) with over 8 years of experience working with teens and adult clients in need of support in order to go from surviving to thriving!
Online Therapists
![Photo of Taylor Allie, MS, LGPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f6cb6522-45c9-4c75-8685-856a3f2c4814/2/320x400.jpeg)
The techniques I utilize most in practice range from Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Internal Family Systems (IFS), to Buddhist Psychology.
Are you finding it challenging to navigate the ebbs and flows of life? I work to offer my clients a soft space to learn to ride the waves and remember their inherent value. I have familiarity with providing individual, group, and family therapy for adolescents and adults who experience anxiety, depression, issues with peers, grief, intergenerational trauma, low self-esteem, and BIPOC-specific issues such as difficulty maneuvering systemic oppression.
The techniques I utilize most in practice range from Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Internal Family Systems (IFS), to Buddhist Psychology.
Are you finding it challenging to navigate the ebbs and flows of life? I work to offer my clients a soft space to learn to ride the waves and remember their inherent value. I have familiarity with providing individual, group, and family therapy for adolescents and adults who experience anxiety, depression, issues with peers, grief, intergenerational trauma, low self-esteem, and BIPOC-specific issues such as difficulty maneuvering systemic oppression.
![Photo of Amanda Bechtel, MS, ATR-BC, LCPC, LCPAT](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dbbcf8d8-fd57-47ad-a665-9c58b250465c/2/320x400.jpeg)
Amanda Bechtel
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, ATR-BC, LCPC, LCPAT
Verified Verified
North Laurel, MD 20723 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am trained as both a counselor and an art therapist. I like to work with clients who have difficulty identifying or expressing their emotions. Art therapy is a way of working that helps you to express and experience thoughts and feelings when words fail. You do not need any artistic skill to do art therapy - just a willingness to explore with a sense of curiosity. I am certified in Internal Family Systems and integrate this approach into art and sandtray therapy.
I am trained as both a counselor and an art therapist. I like to work with clients who have difficulty identifying or expressing their emotions. Art therapy is a way of working that helps you to express and experience thoughts and feelings when words fail. You do not need any artistic skill to do art therapy - just a willingness to explore with a sense of curiosity. I am certified in Internal Family Systems and integrate this approach into art and sandtray therapy.
![Photo of Paul White, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ffdcd5b8-5c5d-4f13-bba2-0dd766a5ff44/1/320x400.jpeg)
Paul White
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Germantown, MD 20876 (Online Only)
Feeling stressed about university or life as a young adult? Overwhelmed by the world's challenges or looking for balance? I'm here to help! Together, we'll create a therapy plan just for you, tackling the emotional weight of being a young adult. Let's find your passion and purpose again. Build resilience, gain clarity, and feel stronger. Your thoughts and ideas deserve the best support.
Feeling stressed about university or life as a young adult? Overwhelmed by the world's challenges or looking for balance? I'm here to help! Together, we'll create a therapy plan just for you, tackling the emotional weight of being a young adult. Let's find your passion and purpose again. Build resilience, gain clarity, and feel stronger. Your thoughts and ideas deserve the best support.
![Photo of Tamitha Davis-Rama, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fbdf9ff8-d567-4545-b354-a0f0bd5abdbe/1/320x400.jpeg)
Tamitha Davis-Rama
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814 (Online Only)
Do you feel pulled in a million and one different directions? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, at work or with your health? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? If yes is the answerto any of those questions, I am excited to connect with you. I help women manage anxiety and avoid feeling defeated. I use a whole person approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body, spirit and community. I integrate talking and mindfulness to help you develop a stronger relationship with self. You are met with compassion and evidence-based techniques so you can face your challenges and the habits that are holding you back.
Do you feel pulled in a million and one different directions? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, at work or with your health? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? If yes is the answerto any of those questions, I am excited to connect with you. I help women manage anxiety and avoid feeling defeated. I use a whole person approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body, spirit and community. I integrate talking and mindfulness to help you develop a stronger relationship with self. You are met with compassion and evidence-based techniques so you can face your challenges and the habits that are holding you back.
![Photo of Tamitha Davis-Rama - Hello Beautiful Therapy , LICSW, LCSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0d4234fb-43ea-463c-9b90-b255fab94c9d/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello Beautiful Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Riverdale, MD 20737
Hello Beautiful, Congratulations in taking this step in your therapeutic journey. My name is Tamitha Davis-Rama and I am a Licensed Psychotherapist, Wholistic Healer and the founder of Hello Beautiful Therapy. Do you feel pulled in a million and one different directions? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, manage the demands at work, or stay on top of your health needs? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I am excited to connect with you. I help women manage anxiety and avoid feeling defeated or unbalanced.
Hello Beautiful, Congratulations in taking this step in your therapeutic journey. My name is Tamitha Davis-Rama and I am a Licensed Psychotherapist, Wholistic Healer and the founder of Hello Beautiful Therapy. Do you feel pulled in a million and one different directions? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, manage the demands at work, or stay on top of your health needs? Is it hard to be kind to yourself? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I am excited to connect with you. I help women manage anxiety and avoid feeling defeated or unbalanced.
![Photo of Cara Miller, PhD, SEP, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d6f8586a-1cb8-4502-b214-fefb72536cd5/3/320x400.jpeg)
I believe every person has the ability to grow and transform. I believe that we can best do so when accompanied compassionately along our journeys. Through increasing self-awareness, cultivating our inner and external resources, and understanding the interconnected influences of mind and body in our daily lives, we can transform through painful times and arrive into greater and deeper capacity for relationships to ourselves and with others. I specialize in working with adults through trauma healing, grief and loss (including that of beloved animals), LGBTQIA+ identities and relationships, depression/anxiety, and life transitions.
I believe every person has the ability to grow and transform. I believe that we can best do so when accompanied compassionately along our journeys. Through increasing self-awareness, cultivating our inner and external resources, and understanding the interconnected influences of mind and body in our daily lives, we can transform through painful times and arrive into greater and deeper capacity for relationships to ourselves and with others. I specialize in working with adults through trauma healing, grief and loss (including that of beloved animals), LGBTQIA+ identities and relationships, depression/anxiety, and life transitions.
![Photo of Dr. Shoshana Ringel, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/65e45e46-d2e8-4920-b0e4-74d5aa77b0da/1/320x400.jpeg)
I value a therapeutic relationship based on warmth, safety, understanding and deep recognition of your authentic self. I validate and nurture your unique self expression and creativity. I have been a therapist for over 20 years, and use my training in trauma, IFS, psychodynamic and attachment to help transform your relationship with others, deepen your emotional life, and reconnect to dissociated parts of yourself. I utilize AEDP and mindfulness to facilitate the healing of grief, loss, and attachment wounds and undo aloneness. I emphasize the connection of body, mind. and spirit
I value a therapeutic relationship based on warmth, safety, understanding and deep recognition of your authentic self. I validate and nurture your unique self expression and creativity. I have been a therapist for over 20 years, and use my training in trauma, IFS, psychodynamic and attachment to help transform your relationship with others, deepen your emotional life, and reconnect to dissociated parts of yourself. I utilize AEDP and mindfulness to facilitate the healing of grief, loss, and attachment wounds and undo aloneness. I emphasize the connection of body, mind. and spirit
![Photo of Andrea Sadrakula, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/87e48d7e-1c9e-4cbc-8457-ee0514bacb0b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome! I particularly enjoy working with kids, teens, and adults who have a history of big emotions, and are looking for more insight into their thoughts, feelings, and behavior patterns. Maybe it seems like everything is against you or that life will never get better, or that everyone else seems to have it together except you. Perhaps you have struggled for a long time with controlling your impulses, relationships never seem to stick, and chaos and crisis seems to follow you wherever you go. We can process and relieve feelings such as shame, distrust, overwhelm, panic, irritability, anger, and depression without judgement.
Welcome! I particularly enjoy working with kids, teens, and adults who have a history of big emotions, and are looking for more insight into their thoughts, feelings, and behavior patterns. Maybe it seems like everything is against you or that life will never get better, or that everyone else seems to have it together except you. Perhaps you have struggled for a long time with controlling your impulses, relationships never seem to stick, and chaos and crisis seems to follow you wherever you go. We can process and relieve feelings such as shame, distrust, overwhelm, panic, irritability, anger, and depression without judgement.
![Photo of Kim Torrence, LCSW-C, SEP, RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b86694b-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Kim Torrence
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, SEP, RYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
You’ve checked all the boxes, done all the right things, but there is a constant anxiety that constricts your chest and makes your mind race. It's hard to fall asleep, as you mentally go over all the things that need to get done, or didn’t get done. Good enough is a constantly moving goal post you just can't reach. You try to catch up but there aren't enough hours in the day. You're beginning to wonder if all this perfectionism is a shield, and somewhere the real you is lost inside.
You’ve checked all the boxes, done all the right things, but there is a constant anxiety that constricts your chest and makes your mind race. It's hard to fall asleep, as you mentally go over all the things that need to get done, or didn’t get done. Good enough is a constantly moving goal post you just can't reach. You try to catch up but there aren't enough hours in the day. You're beginning to wonder if all this perfectionism is a shield, and somewhere the real you is lost inside.
See more therapy options for Ruxton
Buddhist Therapists
Is buddhism beneficial for mental health?
While Buddhism itself is not a treatment for mental health conditions, its practices can greatly enhance mental well-being by introducing coping skills and ideas that promote overall wellness. Key Buddhist practices, such as mindfulness, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of various mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, addiction, and trauma. Moreover, Buddhism's focus on self-compassion, non-judgment, and acceptance can benefit individuals with particularly negative or self-critical thought patterns.
What are the concepts and principles of buddhism as a therapeutic approach?
Core Buddhist principles are often used in therapy to help clients gain insight into their thoughts and emotions. Concepts such as suffering (dukkha) and impermanence (anicca) are applied to help clients recognize that common forms of suffering, like repetitive negative thought patterns, can be accepted and viewed as impermanent. The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are additional core concepts utilized frequently in Buddhist therapy sessions. The Four Noble Truths highlight the existence of suffering as an inherent part of the human experience—an insight frequently used to move clients toward greater acceptance. The Eightfold Path, which includes right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right concentration, and right mindfulness, offers practical skills to alleviate suffering.
What is the buddhist approach and practice during a therapy session?
Therapists informed by Buddhist principles often integrate mindfulness and meditation practices into therapy sessions to help clients cultivate greater acceptance, compassion, and non-judgment toward themselves and others. Typically, Buddhist therapists guide clients through mindfulness exercises, such as breathing exercises or body scans, and encourage them to practice similar exercises outside of sessions. Additionally, many Buddhist therapists utilize elements of Positive Psychology or Compassion-Focused Therapy, which can help reduce symptoms of self-criticism and shame common among clients with various mental health conditions. In general, Buddhist therapists strive to embody the compassion and non-judgmental approach they promote, often incorporating exercises aimed at developing compassion in session, such as loving-kindness meditation (Metta).
Is mindfulness the same as buddhism in the context of therapy?
While Buddhist therapists frequently integrate mindfulness practices into therapy sessions, the terms mindfulness and Buddhism are not synonymous in the context of therapy. Therapists may use mindfulness techniques, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), without identifying as a Buddhist therapist. In contrast, those practicing within a Buddhist belief framework typically encourage mindfulness therapies, in addition to foundational Buddhist beliefs, such as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. These therapists may also guide clients toward a deeper understanding of Buddhist philosophy, unlike those who use Buddhist mindfulness principles without the broader spiritual context.