Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists in Parkville, MD

Photo of Angel McCord, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angel McCord
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We will work together to explore thought patterns and challenge behaviors that are not serving you, using a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, mindfulness, and self-compassion.
I believe prioritizing mental health is essential to our well-being and I have a true passion for helping others feel validated, accepted, and supported on this journey. Are you seeking peace from anxiety, relationship struggles, difficulties with life transitions, low self-esteem, body image or other life challenges?
We will work together to explore thought patterns and challenge behaviors that are not serving you, using a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, mindfulness, and self-compassion.
I believe prioritizing mental health is essential to our well-being and I have a true passion for helping others feel validated, accepted, and supported on this journey. Are you seeking peace from anxiety, relationship struggles, difficulties with life transitions, low self-esteem, body image or other life challenges?
(443) 998-8033 View (443) 998-8033
Photo of Breighone Brown, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Breighone Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
My specialty is cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy.
Are you suffering from symptoms of depression, ADHD, anxiety, bipolar, autism spectrum, OCD, and/or PTSD? I'm here to help facilitate your healing process and provide a safe space to voice your deepest concerns freely. Our goal is to significantly improve your self-concept, increase a positive outlook on life, and, most importantly, feel like your best self.
My specialty is cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy.
Are you suffering from symptoms of depression, ADHD, anxiety, bipolar, autism spectrum, OCD, and/or PTSD? I'm here to help facilitate your healing process and provide a safe space to voice your deepest concerns freely. Our goal is to significantly improve your self-concept, increase a positive outlook on life, and, most importantly, feel like your best self.
(443) 331-4892 View (443) 331-4892
Photo of Anna Santowski, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anna Santowski
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234
My approach is tailored to your experience and informed by CBT, ACT, and DBT.
One thing I know: the quality of our relationships impacts our mental health. That’s why I work with individuals, couples, and families to explore the relationships with those that matter most in their lives. I bring a warm, nonjudgmental approach to sessions and can support you in finding where you might want to try something new to step out of the usual patterns that keep you stuck.
My approach is tailored to your experience and informed by CBT, ACT, and DBT.
One thing I know: the quality of our relationships impacts our mental health. That’s why I work with individuals, couples, and families to explore the relationships with those that matter most in their lives. I bring a warm, nonjudgmental approach to sessions and can support you in finding where you might want to try something new to step out of the usual patterns that keep you stuck.
(443) 339-9431 View (443) 339-9431
Photo of Ruth Williams, LCPC
Ruth Williams
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
As a DBT therapist, I support clients in navigating life transitions by teaching emotional regulation, mindfulness, and interpersonal skills.
My ideal clients are women navigating life transitions amidst uncertainties and pressures, filled with excitement yet also significant anxiety. They face fear of the unknown, pressure to succeed, and societal expectations, feeling anxious and inadequate while balancing family, work, and personal life. They seek a supportive environment to express themselves, gain clarity, manage stress, find emotional stability, and build self-confidence. Their goals are to achieve a healthy work-life balance, feel empowered, and navigate transitions to find fulfillment and happiness.
As a DBT therapist, I support clients in navigating life transitions by teaching emotional regulation, mindfulness, and interpersonal skills.
My ideal clients are women navigating life transitions amidst uncertainties and pressures, filled with excitement yet also significant anxiety. They face fear of the unknown, pressure to succeed, and societal expectations, feeling anxious and inadequate while balancing family, work, and personal life. They seek a supportive environment to express themselves, gain clarity, manage stress, find emotional stability, and build self-confidence. Their goals are to achieve a healthy work-life balance, feel empowered, and navigate transitions to find fulfillment and happiness.
(667) 282-2227 View (667) 282-2227
Photo of Shahid Khan, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shahid Khan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
Drawing from my diverse background and experiences, I offer tailored evidence-based interventions, including mindfulness techniques, CBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, and a strengths-based perspective.
My ideal client seeks a therapist who understands the complexities of their lived experiences. They may be struggling with issues like trauma, addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, identity struggles, life transitions, existential concerns, or oppression. They would come to me because they need a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore their emotions and experiences, seeking personal growth, well-being, and fulfillment. They choose me for support in achieving a fulfilling life, recognizing my capacity to guide them through personal growth and empower them to access their transformative potential.
Drawing from my diverse background and experiences, I offer tailored evidence-based interventions, including mindfulness techniques, CBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, and a strengths-based perspective.
My ideal client seeks a therapist who understands the complexities of their lived experiences. They may be struggling with issues like trauma, addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, identity struggles, life transitions, existential concerns, or oppression. They would come to me because they need a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore their emotions and experiences, seeking personal growth, well-being, and fulfillment. They choose me for support in achieving a fulfilling life, recognizing my capacity to guide them through personal growth and empower them to access their transformative potential.
(443) 339-8908 View (443) 339-8908
Photo of Robin Mayfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robin Mayfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
In my work, I utilize a variety of evidence-based therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, solution focused therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and will incorporate art into my therapy.
Feeling stuck, confused, unsure where to turn? Maybe you've begun acknowledging the need for change, or maybe you are exhausted by life's impossible expectations. But here's the truth: You are enough, even when it whispers like a doubt. I'm here to be your guide on this incredible journey of self-discovery. We'll untangle the knots, silence the critic, and learn to navigate life's storms with newfound confidence. Ready to ditch the "just getting by" and start thriving? Let's do this!
In my work, I utilize a variety of evidence-based therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, solution focused therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and will incorporate art into my therapy.
Feeling stuck, confused, unsure where to turn? Maybe you've begun acknowledging the need for change, or maybe you are exhausted by life's impossible expectations. But here's the truth: You are enough, even when it whispers like a doubt. I'm here to be your guide on this incredible journey of self-discovery. We'll untangle the knots, silence the critic, and learn to navigate life's storms with newfound confidence. Ready to ditch the "just getting by" and start thriving? Let's do this!
(410) 642-5720 View (410) 642-5720
Photo of Rebecca Adekoya - Invisible Wounds Therapy and Wellness, Counselor
Invisible Wounds Therapy and Wellness
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
We pride ourselves in providing evidenced- based approaches such as Eye- Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy, Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectic- Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance- Commitment Therapy.
Invisible Wounds Therapy and Wellness provides therapeutic services for those struggling with Anxiety and/ or past Trauma (including PTSD, childhood or complex trauma). We provide services for everyone and specialize in working with First Responders, Helpers and Healers or "Anxious Professionals." We also provide therapy services for those with an immigration, ex- pat or international background.
We pride ourselves in providing evidenced- based approaches such as Eye- Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy, Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectic- Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance- Commitment Therapy.
Invisible Wounds Therapy and Wellness provides therapeutic services for those struggling with Anxiety and/ or past Trauma (including PTSD, childhood or complex trauma). We provide services for everyone and specialize in working with First Responders, Helpers and Healers or "Anxious Professionals." We also provide therapy services for those with an immigration, ex- pat or international background.
(301) 234-7315 View (301) 234-7315
Photo of Anastazyia Vareschi, LCPC
Anastazyia Vareschi
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
I have an eclectic counseling approach that draws from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and narrative therapy.
Accepting new clients in 2024! I work with those seeking to improve their quality of life and relationships. You may have experienced early life trauma you find is keeping you “stuck” and are highly motivated to develop tools and coping skills to process and manage trauma’s impact to lead a fuller life.
I have an eclectic counseling approach that draws from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and narrative therapy.
Accepting new clients in 2024! I work with those seeking to improve their quality of life and relationships. You may have experienced early life trauma you find is keeping you “stuck” and are highly motivated to develop tools and coping skills to process and manage trauma’s impact to lead a fuller life.
(240) 534-1668 View (240) 534-1668
Photo of Sherika Elliott, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sherika Elliott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
She specializes in applying a range of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation, dialectical-behavioral therapy, emotionally focused therapy, motivational interviewing.
Sherika Elliott is a licensed clinical social worker. Working collaboratively, Sherika helps patients identify the stressors posing a barrier to their quality of life. From there, she helps patients identify the root causes of these issues and identify any behaviors that may be perpetuating the problem. Sherika sees her role as being there to assist the patient and offering accountability for change. In the session, Sherika takes her time establishing the therapeutic relationship, listening to each individual’s concerns, symptoms, and struggles. Her goal is to spread the love so her patients’ hearts can be touched by insight .
She specializes in applying a range of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation, dialectical-behavioral therapy, emotionally focused therapy, motivational interviewing.
Sherika Elliott is a licensed clinical social worker. Working collaboratively, Sherika helps patients identify the stressors posing a barrier to their quality of life. From there, she helps patients identify the root causes of these issues and identify any behaviors that may be perpetuating the problem. Sherika sees her role as being there to assist the patient and offering accountability for change. In the session, Sherika takes her time establishing the therapeutic relationship, listening to each individual’s concerns, symptoms, and struggles. Her goal is to spread the love so her patients’ hearts can be touched by insight .
(410) 656-6744 View (410) 656-6744
Photo of Micah Saviet, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Micah Saviet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
I use a variety of therapeutic approaches that are tailored to your personal needs, including dialectical behavior therapy, client-centered therapy, strength-focused therapy, mindfulness, motivational interviewing, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).
Do you often find yourself struggling to keep up with your commitments, feeling overwhelmed by the sheer number of tasks on your plate? Or perhaps you experience frequent anxiety attacks triggered by the stress? I am a trauma-informed, neurodiverse-affirming, LGBTIA+ allied clinical social worker and ADHD/well-being coach. I'm passionate about helping people find lasting relief from trauma, limiting beliefs, and feeling stuck. My therapy specialties include ADHD, first responders (police, fire, EMS), trauma/post-traumatic stress, college students, and men’s issues. I also help individuals struggling with anxiety and depression.
I use a variety of therapeutic approaches that are tailored to your personal needs, including dialectical behavior therapy, client-centered therapy, strength-focused therapy, mindfulness, motivational interviewing, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).
Do you often find yourself struggling to keep up with your commitments, feeling overwhelmed by the sheer number of tasks on your plate? Or perhaps you experience frequent anxiety attacks triggered by the stress? I am a trauma-informed, neurodiverse-affirming, LGBTIA+ allied clinical social worker and ADHD/well-being coach. I'm passionate about helping people find lasting relief from trauma, limiting beliefs, and feeling stuck. My therapy specialties include ADHD, first responders (police, fire, EMS), trauma/post-traumatic stress, college students, and men’s issues. I also help individuals struggling with anxiety and depression.
(240) 789-4850 View (240) 789-4850
Photo of Tasha Jeffrey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tasha Jeffrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234  (Online Only)
I am a new solo mother , private practice owner, and licensed clinical social worker – certified (LCSW-C), with 19 years experience in the Mental Health Field working with a variety of mental and emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, anger and stress management, childhood/adolescent developmental stressors, and life transitional stages.
I am a new solo mother , private practice owner, and licensed clinical social worker – certified (LCSW-C), with 19 years experience in the Mental Health Field working with a variety of mental and emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, anger and stress management, childhood/adolescent developmental stressors, and life transitional stages.
(410) 936-4538 View (410) 936-4538
Photo of Joselyn Brown, LCPC
Joselyn Brown
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
My ideal client presents depressive symptoms related to trauma & grief. They express that they want to process unresolved childhood issues. They express that the issues have prevented close relationships with their adult children. They want forgiveness and help in creating better ties. The goal may be to explore & resolve issues related to traumatic events and improve overall mood. Interventions may include sharing details of the event and how it has affected their relationships, using positive self-talk, developing positive coping skills, and identifying effective strategies to communicate thoughts and feelings.
My ideal client presents depressive symptoms related to trauma & grief. They express that they want to process unresolved childhood issues. They express that the issues have prevented close relationships with their adult children. They want forgiveness and help in creating better ties. The goal may be to explore & resolve issues related to traumatic events and improve overall mood. Interventions may include sharing details of the event and how it has affected their relationships, using positive self-talk, developing positive coping skills, and identifying effective strategies to communicate thoughts and feelings.
(443) 331-9112 View (443) 331-9112
Photo of Melody Arbour, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melody Arbour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234
Your symptoms don’t define you! As a Licensed Psychotherapist, I recognize that you are an individual who is seeking healing and fulfillment. I strive to provide clients with the best possible therapeutic care through understanding each person in the context of their own unique culture, values and life experiences.
Your symptoms don’t define you! As a Licensed Psychotherapist, I recognize that you are an individual who is seeking healing and fulfillment. I strive to provide clients with the best possible therapeutic care through understanding each person in the context of their own unique culture, values and life experiences.
(667) 255-0787 x107 View (667) 255-0787 x107
Photo of Emily Coco, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Coco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
Do you want to increase self-awareness, reduce symptoms of anxiety/depression, improve communication & relationships within your family, process grief, find balance in your maternal role, and learn effective stress management techniques? Ultimately, do you want to regain control over your life and cultivate greater resilience and happiness? My primary goal is to provide my clients with coping strategies, build resilience, foster a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships, & create a more fulfilling life.
Do you want to increase self-awareness, reduce symptoms of anxiety/depression, improve communication & relationships within your family, process grief, find balance in your maternal role, and learn effective stress management techniques? Ultimately, do you want to regain control over your life and cultivate greater resilience and happiness? My primary goal is to provide my clients with coping strategies, build resilience, foster a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships, & create a more fulfilling life.
(443) 331-4825 View (443) 331-4825
Photo of Anthony Ha, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anthony Ha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
Are you grappling with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, PTSD, C-PTSD, addictions, or borderline personality disorder? My aim is to assist clients in reconnecting with their authentic selves and regaining a sense of empowerment over their lives. Together, we will navigate past wounds, tackle present challenges, & cultivate the resilience necessary to embrace a more fulfilling future. I seek to connect with individuals open to a compassionate and collaborative therapeutic relationship where they can work together to create a safe space for exploring the depths of emotions, thoughts, & experiences without judgment.
Are you grappling with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, PTSD, C-PTSD, addictions, or borderline personality disorder? My aim is to assist clients in reconnecting with their authentic selves and regaining a sense of empowerment over their lives. Together, we will navigate past wounds, tackle present challenges, & cultivate the resilience necessary to embrace a more fulfilling future. I seek to connect with individuals open to a compassionate and collaborative therapeutic relationship where they can work together to create a safe space for exploring the depths of emotions, thoughts, & experiences without judgment.
(443) 448-8744 View (443) 448-8744
Photo of Iman Anderson, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Iman Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
Hello! My name is Iman Anderson and I am a Licensed Certified Clinical Social Worker, Clinical. I specialize in offering immediate help to individuals who experience unforeseen life events that cause mental, physical, emotional, and behavioral problems. The primary goal in my practice is to assist clients in acknowledging unhealthy coping strategies, replace them with new and healthy ones, and gradually get clients to the point of being able to effectively cope with any life stressor.
Hello! My name is Iman Anderson and I am a Licensed Certified Clinical Social Worker, Clinical. I specialize in offering immediate help to individuals who experience unforeseen life events that cause mental, physical, emotional, and behavioral problems. The primary goal in my practice is to assist clients in acknowledging unhealthy coping strategies, replace them with new and healthy ones, and gradually get clients to the point of being able to effectively cope with any life stressor.
(667) 868-1221 View (667) 868-1221
Photo of Heather Cheshire, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Cheshire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Parkville, MD 21234
Hi, I'm Heather Cheshire, LCSW-C. I have been a clinical social worker for 13 years. I aim to utilize talk therapy to help support the emotional growth desired by my clients. I believe in building strong relationships to help clients meet their goals. Most of my experience providing therapy has been with middle school, high school, and college aged youth and young adults. I have experience working with multiple mental health diagnoses, such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, as well as situational challenges like major life changes and family and relationship issues.
Hi, I'm Heather Cheshire, LCSW-C. I have been a clinical social worker for 13 years. I aim to utilize talk therapy to help support the emotional growth desired by my clients. I believe in building strong relationships to help clients meet their goals. Most of my experience providing therapy has been with middle school, high school, and college aged youth and young adults. I have experience working with multiple mental health diagnoses, such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, as well as situational challenges like major life changes and family and relationship issues.
(410) 553-5982 View (410) 553-5982
Photo of Kristi Thrailkill, LCSW-C, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristi Thrailkill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234
Welcome! My doors are open to individuals, couples, & families in various stages of life. I work with a wide range of issues, but specialize in Anxiety/OCD & Relationship Struggles. I particularly love working with couples navigating life adjustments (infidelity, fizzled spark, empty nest, etc) and adult individuals grappling to overcome life-hurdles (divorce, parenting, employment distress). Though I love working with children, my schedule often interferes with school hours, and I will likely refer you to another therapist who offers evenings or weekends. Maybe another clinician on our team will be a better match!
Welcome! My doors are open to individuals, couples, & families in various stages of life. I work with a wide range of issues, but specialize in Anxiety/OCD & Relationship Struggles. I particularly love working with couples navigating life adjustments (infidelity, fizzled spark, empty nest, etc) and adult individuals grappling to overcome life-hurdles (divorce, parenting, employment distress). Though I love working with children, my schedule often interferes with school hours, and I will likely refer you to another therapist who offers evenings or weekends. Maybe another clinician on our team will be a better match!
(410) 220-6510 View (410) 220-6510
Photo of Erin McConnell, MA, ATR-BC, LCPC, LCPAT, Counselor
Erin McConnell
Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LCPC, LCPAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234
Waitlist for new clients
Are you craving change? Tired of letting fear and anxiety intrude on your life? Do you want to have more meaningful and authentic relationships? Counseling and therapy begins with a longing. Your longing might be for better relationships, more trust in yourself, less anxiety, feeling worthy and lovable, or feeling connected to your passion and purpose in life. I provide individual counseling for adults who are looking to create a future that is better than their past.
Are you craving change? Tired of letting fear and anxiety intrude on your life? Do you want to have more meaningful and authentic relationships? Counseling and therapy begins with a longing. Your longing might be for better relationships, more trust in yourself, less anxiety, feeling worthy and lovable, or feeling connected to your passion and purpose in life. I provide individual counseling for adults who are looking to create a future that is better than their past.
(240) 696-4127 View (240) 696-4127
Photo of Rebecca Maria Schaffner Board Approved Supervisor, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Rebecca Maria Schaffner Board Approved Supervisor
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234
You have experienced trauma as a First Responder (EMT, Firefighter, Military, Law Enforcement etc), witnessed a terrible accident, struggle to cope with stress and anxiety, mood or adjustment due to immigration, racial discrimination, refugee status or identity concerns (LGBTQ, African-American). If these issues are affecting your social, home, family or work life too much, therapy with me can help in several ways!
You have experienced trauma as a First Responder (EMT, Firefighter, Military, Law Enforcement etc), witnessed a terrible accident, struggle to cope with stress and anxiety, mood or adjustment due to immigration, racial discrimination, refugee status or identity concerns (LGBTQ, African-American). If these issues are affecting your social, home, family or work life too much, therapy with me can help in several ways!
(240) 623-2637 View (240) 623-2637
Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.