Psychodynamic Therapists in Owings Mills, MD

Photo of Lillian Morales - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Owings Mills
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Owings Mills
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Popular approaches include CBT, DBT, EMDR, Christian Counseling, PCT, Motivational Interviewing, EFT, Positive Psychology, Psychodynamic therapy, Relational therapy, Narrative therapy, and more.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
Popular approaches include CBT, DBT, EMDR, Christian Counseling, PCT, Motivational Interviewing, EFT, Positive Psychology, Psychodynamic therapy, Relational therapy, Narrative therapy, and more.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Kat Katz, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kat Katz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117  (Online Only)
I draw from psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral (CBT), and narrative therapies to adapt tools and techniques to each individual.
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) in Maryland and work with individuals in their late teens through all stages of adulthood. I have experience helping people who live with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and developmental disabilities. As an intern at Sound Behavioral Health in Seattle and Johns Hopkins Community Psychiatry Program, I provided individual and group psychotherapy to diverse populations virtually and in-person. My past volunteer experience includes counseling people on a suicide hotline and giving emotional support to people on the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) helpline.
I draw from psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral (CBT), and narrative therapies to adapt tools and techniques to each individual.
I am a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) in Maryland and work with individuals in their late teens through all stages of adulthood. I have experience helping people who live with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and developmental disabilities. As an intern at Sound Behavioral Health in Seattle and Johns Hopkins Community Psychiatry Program, I provided individual and group psychotherapy to diverse populations virtually and in-person. My past volunteer experience includes counseling people on a suicide hotline and giving emotional support to people on the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) helpline.
(301) 381-4188 View (301) 381-4188
Photo of Shelly Goodling, MA, LGPC, Counselor
Shelly Goodling
Counselor, MA, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
I offer a holistic approach to therapy, using techniques from humanistic, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
I understand how difficult it can be to work through life events and the emotions that come with them, and I believe the therapist-client relationship can be an excellent space to process these challenges. If you are experiencing emotional challenges and stress, low self-esteem, a difficult life transition, or want to build interpersonal communication skills, I appreciate the opportunity to work with a diverse range of clients on a wide range of goals!
I offer a holistic approach to therapy, using techniques from humanistic, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
I understand how difficult it can be to work through life events and the emotions that come with them, and I believe the therapist-client relationship can be an excellent space to process these challenges. If you are experiencing emotional challenges and stress, low self-esteem, a difficult life transition, or want to build interpersonal communication skills, I appreciate the opportunity to work with a diverse range of clients on a wide range of goals!
(443) 406-2730 View (443) 406-2730
Photo of Dr. Maxine Taylor, PhD, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Maxine Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
My goal is to tailor your treatment using mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic modalities, among many others.
*ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS* You are making the first step in improving your quality of life. Knowing that you are safe and supported is one of the best predictors of successful therapy. I know that deciding to seek therapy demonstrates an act of humility and self-love. I work from a tailored team-oriented approach with my clients to assist them in recognizing their true potentials and inner strength, which enables them to feel empowered and allow them to build on those elements to find their own path forward. As such, I utilize an intersectional framework to honor and affirm how your identities impact the way you navigate the world.
My goal is to tailor your treatment using mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic modalities, among many others.
*ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS* You are making the first step in improving your quality of life. Knowing that you are safe and supported is one of the best predictors of successful therapy. I know that deciding to seek therapy demonstrates an act of humility and self-love. I work from a tailored team-oriented approach with my clients to assist them in recognizing their true potentials and inner strength, which enables them to feel empowered and allow them to build on those elements to find their own path forward. As such, I utilize an intersectional framework to honor and affirm how your identities impact the way you navigate the world.
(443) 730-5974 View (443) 730-5974
Photo of Ryan Daniel Grow, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ryan Daniel Grow
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
My passion in psychology is demonstrated through my integrative approach to therapy, using both psychodynamic and CBT techniques.
I think your past matters. From a psychodynamic approach, we will work together to find your roadblocks and remove them in a way that will enhance your life and encourage personal growth. I also believe being goal oriented is critical to success. Using CBT techniques, we will target difficult thoughts, emotions, and behavior to improve your quality of life.
My passion in psychology is demonstrated through my integrative approach to therapy, using both psychodynamic and CBT techniques.
I think your past matters. From a psychodynamic approach, we will work together to find your roadblocks and remove them in a way that will enhance your life and encourage personal growth. I also believe being goal oriented is critical to success. Using CBT techniques, we will target difficult thoughts, emotions, and behavior to improve your quality of life.
(410) 453-8425 View (410) 453-8425
Photo of Jake Weiss, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jake Weiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that a strong therapeutic bond is one of the most important aspects of therapy, and is key for successful treatment. I practice a relational form of psychodynamic therapy which focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the site where transformation and deep healing can occur. My areas of clinical interest include depression, treatment-resistant mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety, loss and bereavement, creative/artistic blocks, and relationship and intimacy issues. I specialize in long-term relational work.
I believe that a strong therapeutic bond is one of the most important aspects of therapy, and is key for successful treatment. I practice a relational form of psychodynamic therapy which focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the site where transformation and deep healing can occur. My areas of clinical interest include depression, treatment-resistant mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety, loss and bereavement, creative/artistic blocks, and relationship and intimacy issues. I specialize in long-term relational work.
(443) 486-3321 View (443) 486-3321
Photo of Briana Rahming,  LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Briana Rahming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
I specialize in psychodynamic processes and utilizing CBT techniques to alter the way clients think, feel, and behave.
My ideal client is motivated for therapy. Their issues can include spiritual confusion, perinatal struggles, relationship concerns, family conflict, boundary needs, and/or a desire for greater self-awareness. They desire true change, which comes with a combination of empathy, education, and constructive feedback, if necessary, from the clinician.
I specialize in psychodynamic processes and utilizing CBT techniques to alter the way clients think, feel, and behave.
My ideal client is motivated for therapy. Their issues can include spiritual confusion, perinatal struggles, relationship concerns, family conflict, boundary needs, and/or a desire for greater self-awareness. They desire true change, which comes with a combination of empathy, education, and constructive feedback, if necessary, from the clinician.
(410) 438-8607 View (410) 438-8607
Photo of Karen Mandwelle Caplan, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Mandwelle Caplan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
I believe that a trusting therapeutic relationship is the foundation of a successful outcome, whether healing from trauma or loss or working on issues of depression, anxiety, bereavement, or family conflict. My aim is to help people become their authentic selves, improve problem solving abilities, and achieve their goals. My approach is individualized, informed by one's particular needs and strengths. I integrate techniques from cognitive behavioral and solution focused therapies, mindfulness training, and psychodynamic therapy.
I believe that a trusting therapeutic relationship is the foundation of a successful outcome, whether healing from trauma or loss or working on issues of depression, anxiety, bereavement, or family conflict. My aim is to help people become their authentic selves, improve problem solving abilities, and achieve their goals. My approach is individualized, informed by one's particular needs and strengths. I integrate techniques from cognitive behavioral and solution focused therapies, mindfulness training, and psychodynamic therapy.
(443) 847-1866 View (443) 847-1866
Photo of Amy Bogdon-Abrams, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Bogdon-Abrams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117  (Online Only)
I specialize in individual and family therapy, using an eclectic and personalized approach including: psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, hypnosis techniques, as well as non-talking techniques such as art, sand, play, pet-assisted and experiential.
I believe that everyone already has what it takes to feel better, make powerful personal changes and to heal - and it is my job to create a safe and nurturing environment so that each individual can uncover and grow their own skills. I feel privileged every day to be able to do this work and bear witness to the strength, resiliency and bravery of the people who sit across from me.
I specialize in individual and family therapy, using an eclectic and personalized approach including: psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, hypnosis techniques, as well as non-talking techniques such as art, sand, play, pet-assisted and experiential.
I believe that everyone already has what it takes to feel better, make powerful personal changes and to heal - and it is my job to create a safe and nurturing environment so that each individual can uncover and grow their own skills. I feel privileged every day to be able to do this work and bear witness to the strength, resiliency and bravery of the people who sit across from me.
(410) 849-6949 View (410) 849-6949
Photo of Rhonda Moore, LGPC, Counselor
Rhonda Moore
Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
I use an integrative approach which includes Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, and Mindfulness Therapy.
Welcome to my page! I am looking forward to working with you! If you are struggling to make time for self care, set and keep healthy boundaries with others, meet deadlines for school or work, or generally feel overwhelmed about life then let's talk. If you need a kind, authentic, non judgmental person to offer a safe space while you process thoughts and feelings and develop healthier skills then please contact me. Together we will identify the issues you want to resolve, create a treatment plan so that you can meet your goals, and do the work of developing your healthiest self.
I use an integrative approach which includes Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, and Mindfulness Therapy.
Welcome to my page! I am looking forward to working with you! If you are struggling to make time for self care, set and keep healthy boundaries with others, meet deadlines for school or work, or generally feel overwhelmed about life then let's talk. If you need a kind, authentic, non judgmental person to offer a safe space while you process thoughts and feelings and develop healthier skills then please contact me. Together we will identify the issues you want to resolve, create a treatment plan so that you can meet your goals, and do the work of developing your healthiest self.
(443) 383-4585 View (443) 383-4585
Photo of Shinelle Oglesby, MS, NCC, LCPC, Counselor
Shinelle Oglesby
Counselor, MS, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117  (Online Only)
I use an integrative psychodynamic approach, of evidenced based interventions, which are tailored to each client’s unique needs and include techniques from Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Solution-focused techniques.
I am the CEO and Clinical Director of Urban Trauma Counseling Center. We provide mental health and substance abuse counseling for Adults , and we are dedicated to helping people heal from traumatic events and live their best life. I see my role as a compassionate partner helping the client work toward healing and growth from the inside out. We work especially well with those who have experienced traumatic experiences, including traumatic grief; and helping them to improve their feelings of self-worth, self-esteem and self-acceptance.
I use an integrative psychodynamic approach, of evidenced based interventions, which are tailored to each client’s unique needs and include techniques from Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Solution-focused techniques.
I am the CEO and Clinical Director of Urban Trauma Counseling Center. We provide mental health and substance abuse counseling for Adults , and we are dedicated to helping people heal from traumatic events and live their best life. I see my role as a compassionate partner helping the client work toward healing and growth from the inside out. We work especially well with those who have experienced traumatic experiences, including traumatic grief; and helping them to improve their feelings of self-worth, self-esteem and self-acceptance.
(667) 206-3567 View (667) 206-3567
Photo of Dr. Rebecca Silver, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Rebecca Silver
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
I've worked with adults for over 15 years and have expertise in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, interpersonal, relational, and trauma/attachment therapies.
Have you been feeling stressed, sad, stuck, lost and/or anxious? In therapy, we can create healing and inner peace by increasing self awareness and enhancing skills to soothe intense emotions/symptoms that accompany complex life stressors. I specialize in the areas of anxiety, infertility, parenting challenges, relationship conflict, and childhood/adult trauma. I'm a compassionate listener who will challenge problematic ways of thinking/being with intention, humor, and warmth. Together, we'll explore past experiences, process ongoing struggles, and work collaboratively to maximize your emotional wellness and personal growth.
I've worked with adults for over 15 years and have expertise in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, interpersonal, relational, and trauma/attachment therapies.
Have you been feeling stressed, sad, stuck, lost and/or anxious? In therapy, we can create healing and inner peace by increasing self awareness and enhancing skills to soothe intense emotions/symptoms that accompany complex life stressors. I specialize in the areas of anxiety, infertility, parenting challenges, relationship conflict, and childhood/adult trauma. I'm a compassionate listener who will challenge problematic ways of thinking/being with intention, humor, and warmth. Together, we'll explore past experiences, process ongoing struggles, and work collaboratively to maximize your emotional wellness and personal growth.
(443) 231-3220 View (443) 231-3220
Photo of Corey Ward, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Corey Ward
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117  (Online Only)
“Meet people where they are before you take them where they need to go.” That is my core approach to counseling and I look forward to building a collaborative relationship with you. If you are facing problems in everyday living, emotional needs, constant conflict with people, or facing more severe life experiences such as trauma, reach out so we can speak. The benefit of counseling is knowing you are not alone. And remember, You’re not in the past, the past is in you.
“Meet people where they are before you take them where they need to go.” That is my core approach to counseling and I look forward to building a collaborative relationship with you. If you are facing problems in everyday living, emotional needs, constant conflict with people, or facing more severe life experiences such as trauma, reach out so we can speak. The benefit of counseling is knowing you are not alone. And remember, You’re not in the past, the past is in you.
(443) 720-7975 View (443) 720-7975
Photo of Maurice Mayo Jr, MBA, LCSW-C, BCD, RPS, CTTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maurice Mayo Jr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, LCSW-C, BCD, RPS, CTTP
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117  (Online Only)
We are living through COVID, social unrest, the absence of opportunities, being overworked/underpaid, and inflation, yet you continue to survive. The world is constantly changing and at times it comes at the expense of our mental well-being. We need to get back to the basics which consist of learning how to take our minds, body, and soul. I seek to assist you in coping, finding balance, and identifying and achieving your personal goals.
We are living through COVID, social unrest, the absence of opportunities, being overworked/underpaid, and inflation, yet you continue to survive. The world is constantly changing and at times it comes at the expense of our mental well-being. We need to get back to the basics which consist of learning how to take our minds, body, and soul. I seek to assist you in coping, finding balance, and identifying and achieving your personal goals.
(410) 824-5126 View (410) 824-5126
Photo of Jennifer W Wilson - The Therapy Collective , LCSWC, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
The Therapy Collective
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWC, LCADC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
As of SEPT 2024, We are accepting new patients! The Therapy Collective is a group of clinicians that have a wide variety of experience and see people of all ages. We offer sessions via tele-health and in person (Owings Mills) and accept a variety of insurances. Please check out our website to visit our team: www.thetherapycollectivemd.com
As of SEPT 2024, We are accepting new patients! The Therapy Collective is a group of clinicians that have a wide variety of experience and see people of all ages. We offer sessions via tele-health and in person (Owings Mills) and accept a variety of insurances. Please check out our website to visit our team: www.thetherapycollectivemd.com
(443) 227-4076 View (443) 227-4076
Photo of Shawan Jones, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shawan Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Need a safe space to process, grow, heal, and learn. Do you want to grow and show up in a better way in your every day life? I have a passion for working with individuals and families and seeing them succeed. Over the last seven years, I have supported various individuals and families in times of crisis struggling with episodes of depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and childhood trauma.
Need a safe space to process, grow, heal, and learn. Do you want to grow and show up in a better way in your every day life? I have a passion for working with individuals and families and seeing them succeed. Over the last seven years, I have supported various individuals and families in times of crisis struggling with episodes of depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and childhood trauma.
(410) 657-6649 View (410) 657-6649
Photo of Peggy Lee Kolodny, MA, ATR-BC, LCPAT, Art Therapist
Peggy Lee Kolodny
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, LCPAT
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Waitlist for new clients
I have been an art psychotherapist since 1982. I currently work with adolescents and adults, using a trauma informed integrated approach for the impact of developmental trauma with its comorbidity, dissociation, and attachment issues. Art gives voice to what is stored implicitly within sensory somatic means. My client and I foster the relational benefit of the compassionate therapeutic alliance using the power of the creative process with a strength based focus. Our collaborative goal is to resolve the impact of the past; building resiliency, internal wisdom, and self compassion. I am an approved art therapy Supervisor in Maryland.
I have been an art psychotherapist since 1982. I currently work with adolescents and adults, using a trauma informed integrated approach for the impact of developmental trauma with its comorbidity, dissociation, and attachment issues. Art gives voice to what is stored implicitly within sensory somatic means. My client and I foster the relational benefit of the compassionate therapeutic alliance using the power of the creative process with a strength based focus. Our collaborative goal is to resolve the impact of the past; building resiliency, internal wisdom, and self compassion. I am an approved art therapy Supervisor in Maryland.
(410) 469-6638 View (410) 469-6638
Photo of Sherry C Scott, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sherry C Scott
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Life can send some difficult challenges our way that can be really hard to handle. Reaching out to work with a therapist is a great first step towards managing any challenge. Whether you are dealing with feelings of hopelessness, worry, or grief. Or, you're tackling a life transition such as a new job, blending a family, a child struggling in school, or a new health condition. Please know that you don't have to manage these difficulties alone. I am here to help!
Life can send some difficult challenges our way that can be really hard to handle. Reaching out to work with a therapist is a great first step towards managing any challenge. Whether you are dealing with feelings of hopelessness, worry, or grief. Or, you're tackling a life transition such as a new job, blending a family, a child struggling in school, or a new health condition. Please know that you don't have to manage these difficulties alone. I am here to help!
(443) 331-2883 View (443) 331-2883
Photo of Rebecca Kaplon, LMSW
Rebecca Kaplon
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Rebecca Kaplon (she/her/hers) earned her Masters Degree at the University of Maryland School of Social Work. She earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Towson University. Rebecca has experience working with both children and adults. She previously interned with children at Villa Maria. Additionally, she has worked with adults at a PRP and with adults with disabilities. Rebecca really enjoyed connecting and getting to know the clients she worked with as well as providing a listening ear or offering a different perspective. Rebecca is very passionate about mental health.
Rebecca Kaplon (she/her/hers) earned her Masters Degree at the University of Maryland School of Social Work. She earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Towson University. Rebecca has experience working with both children and adults. She previously interned with children at Villa Maria. Additionally, she has worked with adults at a PRP and with adults with disabilities. Rebecca really enjoyed connecting and getting to know the clients she worked with as well as providing a listening ear or offering a different perspective. Rebecca is very passionate about mental health.
(410) 989-9922 View (410) 989-9922
Photo of Christa Sonnier, LMSW, PMH-C
Christa Sonnier
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Owings Mills, MD 21117  (Online Only)
Many come to therapy during threshold times, those moments during major life transitions that may be filled with grief, fear, or anxiety. I meet clients at this doorway and offer support, solace, and guidance as they travel from one phase of life to another. I specialize in providing pregnancy and postpartum mental health care, which includes those who have experienced birth trauma and reproductive loss. I also work with those moving through other life transitions including divorce, loss of a loved one, job changes, menopause, and cancer or chronic illness diagnosis.
Many come to therapy during threshold times, those moments during major life transitions that may be filled with grief, fear, or anxiety. I meet clients at this doorway and offer support, solace, and guidance as they travel from one phase of life to another. I specialize in providing pregnancy and postpartum mental health care, which includes those who have experienced birth trauma and reproductive loss. I also work with those moving through other life transitions including divorce, loss of a loved one, job changes, menopause, and cancer or chronic illness diagnosis.
(443) 238-0529 View (443) 238-0529
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Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.