Therapists in Bethesda, MD

Photo of Lisa McPherson Robinson, LCSW-C, BCD, ATR, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa McPherson Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, BCD, ATR, PhD
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
I have been in private practice for 44 years. I am a Board Certified Diplomate Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have two years of post graduate training in Family and Couples Therapy and six years of study in Sex Therapy. I completed a five month Intensive Trauma Certification Program. I try to create a safe non judgmental environment so that you can talk about your concerns. Psychotherapy allows you time to think about your life, where you are, and where you would like to be. I am a interactive and relational psychotherapist. I see young adults and adults for individual and couples psychotherapy.
I have been in private practice for 44 years. I am a Board Certified Diplomate Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have two years of post graduate training in Family and Couples Therapy and six years of study in Sex Therapy. I completed a five month Intensive Trauma Certification Program. I try to create a safe non judgmental environment so that you can talk about your concerns. Psychotherapy allows you time to think about your life, where you are, and where you would like to be. I am a interactive and relational psychotherapist. I see young adults and adults for individual and couples psychotherapy.
(301) 246-2885 View (301) 246-2885
Photo of Sheila K Rowny, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheila K Rowny
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Waitlist for new clients
I help my clients to discover, appreciate and expand their own strengths in order to feel better about life, love, work and recreation. As a therapist with over 40 years experience, my style is warm, direct and interactive. My clients and I form a team, working together to understand and resolve your problems. Our focus is on the whole person: your mind/body, your relationships, and your environment. I guide you with a combination of positive support and gentle challenges.
I help my clients to discover, appreciate and expand their own strengths in order to feel better about life, love, work and recreation. As a therapist with over 40 years experience, my style is warm, direct and interactive. My clients and I form a team, working together to understand and resolve your problems. Our focus is on the whole person: your mind/body, your relationships, and your environment. I guide you with a combination of positive support and gentle challenges.
(301) 852-7238 View (301) 852-7238
Photo of Eva Lucht, LCPC, Counselor
Eva Lucht
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Eva, Have you been struggling to keep up with your daily activities, not having a good balance in life? Or have you been troubled with anxiety, not being able to come to rest, trouble sleeping and your mind racing? Are your relationships difficult to manage and you feel your life is out of control? Have you lost connection with your partner? I belief that a fulfilling life is what people strive to achieve. To attain that goal, you might employ many different strategies, some more effective than others.
Hi, I’m Eva, Have you been struggling to keep up with your daily activities, not having a good balance in life? Or have you been troubled with anxiety, not being able to come to rest, trouble sleeping and your mind racing? Are your relationships difficult to manage and you feel your life is out of control? Have you lost connection with your partner? I belief that a fulfilling life is what people strive to achieve. To attain that goal, you might employ many different strategies, some more effective than others.
(240) 696-0975 View (240) 696-0975
Photo of Britt H Rathbone, LCSW-C, BCD, CGP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Britt H Rathbone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, BCD, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20816
Britt Rathbone is an expert in the treatment of adolescents. He graduated from Columbia University and has worked exclusively with adolescents and their families since 1985. He has a special interest in challenging, difficult to treat, and treatment-reluctant adolescents as well as those who have multiple and complicated mental health diagnoses. He trains therapists, speaks to professional and lay groups, and has taught advanced level social work graduate students at the Catholic University of America. Washingtonian Magazine has consistently named Mr. Rathbone one of Washington's best therapists for adolescents, and one of Washington's best therapists for group therapy.
Britt Rathbone is an expert in the treatment of adolescents. He graduated from Columbia University and has worked exclusively with adolescents and their families since 1985. He has a special interest in challenging, difficult to treat, and treatment-reluctant adolescents as well as those who have multiple and complicated mental health diagnoses. He trains therapists, speaks to professional and lay groups, and has taught advanced level social work graduate students at the Catholic University of America. Washingtonian Magazine has consistently named Mr. Rathbone one of Washington's best therapists for adolescents, and one of Washington's best therapists for group therapy.
(301) 658-2524 x401 View (301) 658-2524 x401
Photo of Alan L Marcus, PhD, Psychologist
Alan L Marcus
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Picking a therapist to work with can be overwhelming. Feeling comfortable and understood by your therapist is critical. During our first session we will explore what brought you to me. Together we identify your struggles, develop a treatment plan, discuss whether you feel comfortable with me, and that our plan makes sense to you. I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience. A certified IMAGO, Gottman, Equine Assisted and Diplomat in Sex Therapy, we will talk openly and candidly about your life. Together, we will explore your concerns, past and present and mindfully identify changes for you to consider.
Picking a therapist to work with can be overwhelming. Feeling comfortable and understood by your therapist is critical. During our first session we will explore what brought you to me. Together we identify your struggles, develop a treatment plan, discuss whether you feel comfortable with me, and that our plan makes sense to you. I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 20 years of experience. A certified IMAGO, Gottman, Equine Assisted and Diplomat in Sex Therapy, we will talk openly and candidly about your life. Together, we will explore your concerns, past and present and mindfully identify changes for you to consider.
(301) 744-8759 View (301) 744-8759
Photo of Kate McSpadden Leinweber - True North Therapy and Training, MA, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
True North Therapy and Training
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
All of us experience pain and suffering at one time or another in our lives. As therapists, we know that our clients aren’t broken during such periods—they’re stuck. Our aim in working with you isn’t to fix you; it’s to help you meet life’s challenges and craft a life of meaning and purpose. We take an active role in guiding you through an exploration of your values, as well as broadening your skill set associated with mindfulness.
All of us experience pain and suffering at one time or another in our lives. As therapists, we know that our clients aren’t broken during such periods—they’re stuck. Our aim in working with you isn’t to fix you; it’s to help you meet life’s challenges and craft a life of meaning and purpose. We take an active role in guiding you through an exploration of your values, as well as broadening your skill set associated with mindfulness.
(844) 953-1034 View (844) 953-1034
Photo of Aleenia Nakamura, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aleenia Nakamura
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
I have always wanted to see people live the life they want. Since 2015, I have worked in the mental health field specifically in case management, crisis management, and with clinical practice of individual and couples therapy; meeting each person where they are in their unique experience. My motivation is to be a team in building the ideal life for you. Together we will identify the behaviors you want to change and I will be there with you when your inner saboteur interferes.
I have always wanted to see people live the life they want. Since 2015, I have worked in the mental health field specifically in case management, crisis management, and with clinical practice of individual and couples therapy; meeting each person where they are in their unique experience. My motivation is to be a team in building the ideal life for you. Together we will identify the behaviors you want to change and I will be there with you when your inner saboteur interferes.
(240) 528-4737 View (240) 528-4737
Photo of Helen Freiling, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Helen Freiling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20817  (Online Only)
A unique perspective of persons as inherently dignified, supported by philosophic and scientific education and study, informs my holistic view of the person sitting in front of me during the process of psychotherapy. With mindful attentiveness and by gently confronting obstacles and threats to emotional health and relational satisfaction in a collaborative manner, the patients I work with are able to experience an increase in personal resilience simultaneous to undergoing the process of cathartic healing. My use of techniques drawn from an array of professional proclivities creates a safe relationship that nourishes innate strengths
A unique perspective of persons as inherently dignified, supported by philosophic and scientific education and study, informs my holistic view of the person sitting in front of me during the process of psychotherapy. With mindful attentiveness and by gently confronting obstacles and threats to emotional health and relational satisfaction in a collaborative manner, the patients I work with are able to experience an increase in personal resilience simultaneous to undergoing the process of cathartic healing. My use of techniques drawn from an array of professional proclivities creates a safe relationship that nourishes innate strengths
(240) 541-5702 View (240) 541-5702
Photo of Karen A Schmid, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen A Schmid
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814  (Online Only)
As a member of the Rainbow community, LGBTQI+ clients can find a safe space to land, I have a special connection with others within my community. I am happy to help & I’ve got your back! Authenticity is my strength as well as my style of choice. I celebrate when women can find their own unique and powerful identities as people and find their special strengths and abilities. May I have the privilege of helping you discover how wonderful you really are?
As a member of the Rainbow community, LGBTQI+ clients can find a safe space to land, I have a special connection with others within my community. I am happy to help & I’ve got your back! Authenticity is my strength as well as my style of choice. I celebrate when women can find their own unique and powerful identities as people and find their special strengths and abilities. May I have the privilege of helping you discover how wonderful you really are?
(240) 774-1766 View (240) 774-1766
Photo of Stephanie Prigal, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Prigal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
My therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of meeting the client and family where they are at and building a connection through trust and understanding. I have experience working with children as young as 5 years old, adolescents, adults and families. I specialize in supporting clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem challenges, socialization and attention deficit disorder. When working with adolescents or adults, I utilize a variety of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Mindfulness.
My therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of meeting the client and family where they are at and building a connection through trust and understanding. I have experience working with children as young as 5 years old, adolescents, adults and families. I specialize in supporting clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem challenges, socialization and attention deficit disorder. When working with adolescents or adults, I utilize a variety of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Mindfulness.
(240) 201-9566 View (240) 201-9566
Photo of Ladan Eshkevari - Avesta Ketamine & Wellness , PhD, CRNA, FAAN
Avesta Ketamine & Wellness
PhD, CRNA, FAAN
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
A Ketamine Treatment Center. We are a group of anesthesia and pain management professionals who have a common goal of managing our patients' wellbeing by providing a variety of services. ​Our Ketamine and Wellness infusions are individually designed to assist you in achieving your wellness goals, as well as your optimal mental and physical condition.
A Ketamine Treatment Center. We are a group of anesthesia and pain management professionals who have a common goal of managing our patients' wellbeing by providing a variety of services. ​Our Ketamine and Wellness infusions are individually designed to assist you in achieving your wellness goals, as well as your optimal mental and physical condition.
(240) 986-3241 View (240) 986-3241
Photo of Tamara Skinner, LCPC, ADHDCSP
Tamara Skinner
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, ADHDCSP
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20817  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am Tamara Skinner, a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor dedicated to helping adults navigate the challenges and stress of their daily lives. My areas of clinical focus are anxiety, depression, life transitions, and dealing with the emotional impacts of adult ADHD. I often work with adults and specifically BIPOC women and men who experience anxious thoughts, loss of enjoyment in activities, feelings of overwhelm; isolation; shame. Some may have also experienced a recent move, loss, or are facing uncertainty about career changes.
Welcome! I am Tamara Skinner, a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor dedicated to helping adults navigate the challenges and stress of their daily lives. My areas of clinical focus are anxiety, depression, life transitions, and dealing with the emotional impacts of adult ADHD. I often work with adults and specifically BIPOC women and men who experience anxious thoughts, loss of enjoyment in activities, feelings of overwhelm; isolation; shame. Some may have also experienced a recent move, loss, or are facing uncertainty about career changes.
(301) 364-3128 View (301) 364-3128
Photo of Keisha M. Watson, LCPC, NCC, ACS, Counselor
Keisha M. Watson
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20817  (Online Only)
Bright Journey Counseling provides empathetic, yet focused coping strategies to offer hope, positive thinking and realization that change is possible. I am passionate about working with young adults and women that have developed unhealthy behaviors and interpersonal relationships related to past trauma experiences. I bring over a decade of clinical experience providing psychotherapy to children, teens and adults in various clinical settings including community-based, outpatient treatment center, private and group practice.
Bright Journey Counseling provides empathetic, yet focused coping strategies to offer hope, positive thinking and realization that change is possible. I am passionate about working with young adults and women that have developed unhealthy behaviors and interpersonal relationships related to past trauma experiences. I bring over a decade of clinical experience providing psychotherapy to children, teens and adults in various clinical settings including community-based, outpatient treatment center, private and group practice.
(301) 307-2296 View (301) 307-2296
Photo of Hannah L Gold, LCSW-C, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah L Gold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
My greatest passion as a therapist is to help my clients lead a meaningful life aligned with their values and goals. I approach therapy collaboratively and support my clients as they work to develop new solutions to old problems. I help my clients build self-reliance through identifying what makes their life meaningful and taking committed actions towards achieving their goals. Therapy with me will look like a space with consistent, meaningful support while incorporating warmth, sensitivity, a sense of humor (at times) and a strong therapeutic alliance.
My greatest passion as a therapist is to help my clients lead a meaningful life aligned with their values and goals. I approach therapy collaboratively and support my clients as they work to develop new solutions to old problems. I help my clients build self-reliance through identifying what makes their life meaningful and taking committed actions towards achieving their goals. Therapy with me will look like a space with consistent, meaningful support while incorporating warmth, sensitivity, a sense of humor (at times) and a strong therapeutic alliance.
(202) 643-8466 View (202) 643-8466
Photo of Annie Bertran, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annie Bertran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Hi everyone! I believe in providing a safe and supportive environment where I will collaborate with you to meet your goals by learning and practicing new skills to apply to your daily life. Throughout my career, I have learned how to remain calm no matter the crisis and provide a steady emotional rock for my clients to lean on throughout the difficult times in their lives. I work with a variety of clients with all types of struggles and needs. I provide a safe space to work through these and teach skills to manage the struggles that come in life. In-Person sessions are joined by my certified therapy dog, Bennet.
Hi everyone! I believe in providing a safe and supportive environment where I will collaborate with you to meet your goals by learning and practicing new skills to apply to your daily life. Throughout my career, I have learned how to remain calm no matter the crisis and provide a steady emotional rock for my clients to lean on throughout the difficult times in their lives. I work with a variety of clients with all types of struggles and needs. I provide a safe space to work through these and teach skills to manage the struggles that come in life. In-Person sessions are joined by my certified therapy dog, Bennet.
(240) 512-8428 View (240) 512-8428
Photo of Simone Collins, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Simone Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Maryland. I received my Master's from The University of Maryland and have eight years of experience. I help adults struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, peer relationships, and life transitions.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Maryland. I received my Master's from The University of Maryland and have eight years of experience. I help adults struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, peer relationships, and life transitions.
(240) 363-2433 View (240) 363-2433
Photo of Maggie Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maggie Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814  (Online Only)
Everyone needs to reach out for help at some time in their lives. In an atmosphere of caring and support I'll help you explore the feelings and thoughts that make you believe you're stuck with anxiety, depression, or the effects of trauma and grief. We’ll create a calm, comfortable space where change feels natural and safe. Starting therapy takes courage, but it allows you to explore your past in a way that improves your future.
Everyone needs to reach out for help at some time in their lives. In an atmosphere of caring and support I'll help you explore the feelings and thoughts that make you believe you're stuck with anxiety, depression, or the effects of trauma and grief. We’ll create a calm, comfortable space where change feels natural and safe. Starting therapy takes courage, but it allows you to explore your past in a way that improves your future.
(240) 376-4360 View (240) 376-4360
Photo of Carolyn S Shaffer, PhD, Psychologist
Carolyn S Shaffer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20817
I enjoy working with couples and individuals using a Cognitive Behavior Therapy model(CBT) and Mindfulness Based CBT. I am a certified sex therapist. I am also skilled in treating depression and anxiety. I have a warm and accepting style and very rarely have clients decide to go elsewhere after they have met me. I was trained by Drs. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, the 2 creators of CBT. I enjoy working on gay and lesbian issues and also working with adolescents and young adults. CBT teaches clients to recognize their dysfunctional thoughts and to change them allowing them to eventually become their own therapists.
I enjoy working with couples and individuals using a Cognitive Behavior Therapy model(CBT) and Mindfulness Based CBT. I am a certified sex therapist. I am also skilled in treating depression and anxiety. I have a warm and accepting style and very rarely have clients decide to go elsewhere after they have met me. I was trained by Drs. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, the 2 creators of CBT. I enjoy working on gay and lesbian issues and also working with adolescents and young adults. CBT teaches clients to recognize their dysfunctional thoughts and to change them allowing them to eventually become their own therapists.
(301) 304-4087 View (301) 304-4087
Photo of Rebecca Aloni, LCPC
Rebecca Aloni
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Are you or a loved one struggling with feeling down, overwhelmed by life's stressors, need help in overcoming social challenges, or just want someone to talk to? I understand how stressful it can be to deal with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and overall sense of hopeless and helplessness. I strive to provide compassionate and meaningful counseling that empowers you to overcome a myriad of life challenges.
Are you or a loved one struggling with feeling down, overwhelmed by life's stressors, need help in overcoming social challenges, or just want someone to talk to? I understand how stressful it can be to deal with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and overall sense of hopeless and helplessness. I strive to provide compassionate and meaningful counseling that empowers you to overcome a myriad of life challenges.
(240) 660-4543 View (240) 660-4543
Photo of Sarah Halpert - Sarah M. Halpert, PhD, LLC, PhD, Psychologist
Sarah M. Halpert, PhD, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Not accepting new clients
I believe every person has the capacity to build a life worth living. I provide psychotherapy in a safe setting where I focus on your unique history, experiences and goals. Together, we will explore the past to better understand your current experiences. We will make use of a number of therapeutic tools to achieve meaningful insight and change. Ultimately, we will help you to create a life that feels intentional and authentic and in line with your goals.
I believe every person has the capacity to build a life worth living. I provide psychotherapy in a safe setting where I focus on your unique history, experiences and goals. Together, we will explore the past to better understand your current experiences. We will make use of a number of therapeutic tools to achieve meaningful insight and change. Ultimately, we will help you to create a life that feels intentional and authentic and in line with your goals.
(202) 800-1636 View (202) 800-1636
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bethesda, MD

1,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Bethesda, MD who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
63% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% CareFirst
61% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Bethesda, MD see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bethesda?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.