Gottman Method Therapists in Annapolis, MD

Photo of Lisa Rabinowitz, LCPC, Counselor
Lisa Rabinowitz
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401  (Online Only)
As a Certified Gottman Method Couples Therapist and PACT level 3 therapist, I specialize in helping couples learn how to decrease arguments, improve communication and start feeling loved and connected again.
Discover how to rekindle your loving relationship and eliminate criticism, defensiveness and dismissiveness. You can stop feeling alone, abandoned or ignored. Learn how to stop having the same arguments over and over again. In the beginning of your relationship, you may have felt connected and happy, and now, you might wonder, "What happened?" and "How can we reignite that spark and love again?". Learn how to feel loved, cared about, validated and heard. Start having fun and feeling connected with your partner again. Whether you are single, married or divorced learn how to have the love and happiness you want Today!
As a Certified Gottman Method Couples Therapist and PACT level 3 therapist, I specialize in helping couples learn how to decrease arguments, improve communication and start feeling loved and connected again.
Discover how to rekindle your loving relationship and eliminate criticism, defensiveness and dismissiveness. You can stop feeling alone, abandoned or ignored. Learn how to stop having the same arguments over and over again. In the beginning of your relationship, you may have felt connected and happy, and now, you might wonder, "What happened?" and "How can we reignite that spark and love again?". Learn how to feel loved, cared about, validated and heard. Start having fun and feeling connected with your partner again. Whether you are single, married or divorced learn how to have the love and happiness you want Today!
(410) 415-1717 View (410) 415-1717
Photo of Adele Gordon, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adele Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
If you are ready to improve your relationship with your parter, I use the Gottman Method and EFT to help you foster a deeper connection with your partner while utilizing healthy and effective communication and conflict-resolution skills.
Maintaining healthy relationships is hard. Effective communication is challenging to achieve at times. Setting and upholding boundaries is tough. When communication falls short, and boundaries become permeable, our emotional connection with others begins to erode. Whether or not you are looking to foster a deeper, emotional connection with your partner or if you are not sure if you can obtain the connection you once had with your partner, therapy can help.
If you are ready to improve your relationship with your parter, I use the Gottman Method and EFT to help you foster a deeper connection with your partner while utilizing healthy and effective communication and conflict-resolution skills.
Maintaining healthy relationships is hard. Effective communication is challenging to achieve at times. Setting and upholding boundaries is tough. When communication falls short, and boundaries become permeable, our emotional connection with others begins to erode. Whether or not you are looking to foster a deeper, emotional connection with your partner or if you are not sure if you can obtain the connection you once had with your partner, therapy can help.
(410) 324-6596 View (410) 324-6596
Photo of Lory A. Cosner, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lory A. Cosner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21403  (Online Only)
I have completed Level I Training in Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
I know that a lot of these profiles look the same, so I’ll skip the things that everyone says. Here’s the truth: I can’t help you on my own. Therapy takes teamwork. I will listen to you, I will validate you, and I will give you tools. The choice is yours of whether you pick them up and use them. I have been providing therapy in a variety of settings for over the past 15 years- community mental health, residential facilities, military clinics, and via telehealth. I have seen a broad range of issues- anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, life changes, postpartum struggles, family violence, struggles with identity, and many more.
I have completed Level I Training in Gottman Method Couples Therapy.
I know that a lot of these profiles look the same, so I’ll skip the things that everyone says. Here’s the truth: I can’t help you on my own. Therapy takes teamwork. I will listen to you, I will validate you, and I will give you tools. The choice is yours of whether you pick them up and use them. I have been providing therapy in a variety of settings for over the past 15 years- community mental health, residential facilities, military clinics, and via telehealth. I have seen a broad range of issues- anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, life changes, postpartum struggles, family violence, struggles with identity, and many more.
(667) 200-1389 View (667) 200-1389
Photo of Adam G Thomas, PsyD, Psychologist
Adam G Thomas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
With couples, I work from an Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy (IBCT) perspective together with the Gottman Method and use a Structural Family Therapy approach with families.
How would it feel if we could turn the volume down on the emotional pain you’re struggling with right now? I see therapy as a way to help you better understand the nature of what you’re currently experiencing in a safe environment and to collaboratively find the solutions to create the life you want to live. Yet, change isn’t easy. My role as a therapist is to help effectively facilitate positive changes while reducing the emotional toll on you. Together, I’m confident that we can improve your quality of life and set you on a viable path to achieving your life goals.
With couples, I work from an Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy (IBCT) perspective together with the Gottman Method and use a Structural Family Therapy approach with families.
How would it feel if we could turn the volume down on the emotional pain you’re struggling with right now? I see therapy as a way to help you better understand the nature of what you’re currently experiencing in a safe environment and to collaboratively find the solutions to create the life you want to live. Yet, change isn’t easy. My role as a therapist is to help effectively facilitate positive changes while reducing the emotional toll on you. Together, I’m confident that we can improve your quality of life and set you on a viable path to achieving your life goals.
(703) 775-1537 View (703) 775-1537
Photo of Gina M. Santoro - Santoro Psychological Services, PhD, NCSP, Psychologist
Santoro Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
Our staff has specialties in Pediatric Psychology, School Psychology, the Gottman Method for couples' counseling, and families in high conflict situations.
Santoro Psychological Services has been providing psychological services to the community since 2008. We have a dedicated staff with a number of different specializations. Our staff provides a variety of therapeutic and forensic services including individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults; parent training; Gottman-trained couples' counseling; court-ordered psychological evaluations; custody evaluations; psychological and educational testing for school-aged students; and expert-witness testimony.
Our staff has specialties in Pediatric Psychology, School Psychology, the Gottman Method for couples' counseling, and families in high conflict situations.
Santoro Psychological Services has been providing psychological services to the community since 2008. We have a dedicated staff with a number of different specializations. Our staff provides a variety of therapeutic and forensic services including individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults; parent training; Gottman-trained couples' counseling; court-ordered psychological evaluations; custody evaluations; psychological and educational testing for school-aged students; and expert-witness testimony.
(410) 988-5943 View (410) 988-5943
Photo of Denise McKoy, LCSW-C, MS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Denise McKoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
Specializations: EMDR, ERP, Gottman Method, DBT, CBT, and Christian Counseling.
Are you going through a difficult transition or struggling from trauma? Mood fluctuations? Do you feel stuck in a cycle you cannot break? Consider a life living well and thriving... Whether you are experiencing a recent difficulty or a long-standing challenge, therapy can offer you new ways to work through challenges and experience joy and hope. My approach is relational and solution-focused. Therapy is tailored to your unique needs and situation. We create a safe space for you to explore, reflect, and learn, while you create new pathways for your life. Now is the time for you to focus on you and live well.
Specializations: EMDR, ERP, Gottman Method, DBT, CBT, and Christian Counseling.
Are you going through a difficult transition or struggling from trauma? Mood fluctuations? Do you feel stuck in a cycle you cannot break? Consider a life living well and thriving... Whether you are experiencing a recent difficulty or a long-standing challenge, therapy can offer you new ways to work through challenges and experience joy and hope. My approach is relational and solution-focused. Therapy is tailored to your unique needs and situation. We create a safe space for you to explore, reflect, and learn, while you create new pathways for your life. Now is the time for you to focus on you and live well.
(443) 315-2770 View (443) 315-2770
Photo of Claire Raesch, LCPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Claire Raesch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21403  (Online Only)
I offer multiple therapies including CBT, DBT, logotherapy, the Gottman method therapy, and mindfulness therapy.
If you feel overwhelmed or hopeless, you are not alone! Life can sometimes become a jumbled mess, but I can help support you to unlock solutions. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in both Texas and Maryland with 5 years experience. I specialize in helping sore spots become less sore, no matter how they got sore. I’m a trauma recovery expert committed to helping individuals heal from trauma and all the other gunk from life.
I offer multiple therapies including CBT, DBT, logotherapy, the Gottman method therapy, and mindfulness therapy.
If you feel overwhelmed or hopeless, you are not alone! Life can sometimes become a jumbled mess, but I can help support you to unlock solutions. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in both Texas and Maryland with 5 years experience. I specialize in helping sore spots become less sore, no matter how they got sore. I’m a trauma recovery expert committed to helping individuals heal from trauma and all the other gunk from life.
(409) 345-2380 View (409) 345-2380
Photo of Meredith Braden-MacMullan, MA, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Meredith Braden-MacMullan
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
Are you feeling stressed or overwhelmed? Well Annapolis is here to help. During times of stress and life transition, counseling can help in gaining perspective, finding useful coping skills, and exploring what you want out of life. We know that lessons can be found in the darkness and that you can’t rush healing, but you can find new meaning and flourish. We provide person-centered and trauma-informed counseling for individuals, couples and families. Let us help you navigate this challenging time.
Are you feeling stressed or overwhelmed? Well Annapolis is here to help. During times of stress and life transition, counseling can help in gaining perspective, finding useful coping skills, and exploring what you want out of life. We know that lessons can be found in the darkness and that you can’t rush healing, but you can find new meaning and flourish. We provide person-centered and trauma-informed counseling for individuals, couples and families. Let us help you navigate this challenging time.
(667) 222-5542 View (667) 222-5542
Photo of John Persampiere, PhD, Psychologist
John Persampiere
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and founder of the Annapolis Child and Family Therapy Center. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples with a wide range of mental health and family relationship concerns. Problems I treat include depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, tics, Tourette's, adjustment problems, noncompliance, anger/aggression, trauma, disruptive behavior, and family and couple relationship difficulties. My approach is collaborative and I view all of my clients as equal partners in the treatment process.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and founder of the Annapolis Child and Family Therapy Center. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples with a wide range of mental health and family relationship concerns. Problems I treat include depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, tics, Tourette's, adjustment problems, noncompliance, anger/aggression, trauma, disruptive behavior, and family and couple relationship difficulties. My approach is collaborative and I view all of my clients as equal partners in the treatment process.
(443) 775-2046 View (443) 775-2046
Photo of Mark C Good, PhD, LCSW-C, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark C Good
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-C, BCD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
Dr. Good specializes in marital therapy. He is a Board Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Work and has worked with couples, families & individuals in the Annapolis community since 1978. Marriage work is about repair: to hear, be honest, build a team, rebuild trust & deepen intimacy. We find our way to do marriage - not my way or your way. Everyone is precious, worthy, broken & competent (in some areas). Everyone walks through life a little differently. The person is more important than the problem. In individual work I help you hear where you are coming from. When you know the impact on you & others, you make a better decision.
Dr. Good specializes in marital therapy. He is a Board Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Work and has worked with couples, families & individuals in the Annapolis community since 1978. Marriage work is about repair: to hear, be honest, build a team, rebuild trust & deepen intimacy. We find our way to do marriage - not my way or your way. Everyone is precious, worthy, broken & competent (in some areas). Everyone walks through life a little differently. The person is more important than the problem. In individual work I help you hear where you are coming from. When you know the impact on you & others, you make a better decision.
(410) 489-1557 View (410) 489-1557
Photo of Dr. Maureen Vernon, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Maureen Vernon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
Life can be challenging and at times we can all use a little extra help. If you are experiencing increased feelings of stress & anxiety, relationship problems with your spouse, child, other family members, friends, or coworkers I will listen and offer new coping tools. You will grow and develop the confidence to create the happy and healthy life you want and deserve.
Life can be challenging and at times we can all use a little extra help. If you are experiencing increased feelings of stress & anxiety, relationship problems with your spouse, child, other family members, friends, or coworkers I will listen and offer new coping tools. You will grow and develop the confidence to create the happy and healthy life you want and deserve.
(410) 376-8663 View (410) 376-8663
Photo of Bianca Johnson, NCC , LGPC , Counselor
Bianca Johnson
Counselor, NCC , LGPC
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
I am a Licensed Graduate Professional Counselor (LGPC) with years of experience working with teens, couples, and adults who are struggling with anxiety, anger issues, parenting difficulties, depression, chronic stress, relationship issues, and pregnancy-related concerns. My ideal client is motivated to learn more about themselves, open to self-reflection, willing to engage in the therapeutic process, and committed to making positive changes in their lives. Additionally, they are motivated to work on their issues, have good communication skills, and are willing to be honest and vulnerable in the therapeutic relationship.
I am a Licensed Graduate Professional Counselor (LGPC) with years of experience working with teens, couples, and adults who are struggling with anxiety, anger issues, parenting difficulties, depression, chronic stress, relationship issues, and pregnancy-related concerns. My ideal client is motivated to learn more about themselves, open to self-reflection, willing to engage in the therapeutic process, and committed to making positive changes in their lives. Additionally, they are motivated to work on their issues, have good communication skills, and are willing to be honest and vulnerable in the therapeutic relationship.
(667) 843-7311 View (667) 843-7311
Photo of Allison Scarinzi - Lotus Psychotherapy , MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lotus Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21409
Our therapy practice embodies a variety of niches and areas of focus. Ideal client's for Lotus Psychotherapy are folks who are motivated to change and value the process of self awareness. We work with tweens, couples, and adults who might be struggling with a multitude of stressors, feelings and barriers. As a collective practice, we have experience with addiction, postpartum, adolescent behaviors, depression, trauma work, grief and anxiety.
Our therapy practice embodies a variety of niches and areas of focus. Ideal client's for Lotus Psychotherapy are folks who are motivated to change and value the process of self awareness. We work with tweens, couples, and adults who might be struggling with a multitude of stressors, feelings and barriers. As a collective practice, we have experience with addiction, postpartum, adolescent behaviors, depression, trauma work, grief and anxiety.
(410) 267-4566 View (410) 267-4566
Photo of Jessica Snell-Johns, PhD, Psychologist
Jessica Snell-Johns
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
My ideal client is anyone who is seeking to make positive changes in their life. I am an active therapist who collaborates with my clients. I believe in research about "what works". I also believe it is my job as a therapist to adapt my approach based on the needs of each client. Given my extensive background in couples, family and parenting work, I bring a wholistic approach to working with my individual clients. I am compassionate, hard working, and determined to help you assess the root causes because I believe a good understanding of the problem leads to a good understanding of the solution!
My ideal client is anyone who is seeking to make positive changes in their life. I am an active therapist who collaborates with my clients. I believe in research about "what works". I also believe it is my job as a therapist to adapt my approach based on the needs of each client. Given my extensive background in couples, family and parenting work, I bring a wholistic approach to working with my individual clients. I am compassionate, hard working, and determined to help you assess the root causes because I believe a good understanding of the problem leads to a good understanding of the solution!
(443) 218-9833 View (443) 218-9833
Photo of Lindsey Blades, LCSW-C, CCTP, CGCS, CSWHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lindsey Blades
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, CCTP, CGCS, CSWHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
I enjoy helping people overcome obstacles to enjoy life again. Using a warm, compassionate approach to therapy I walk alongside my clients on their journey helping to guide them in reaching their goals and living the life they desire. Being a small private practice allows me to provide superior mental health care by connecting with each client and being able to focus on each personal story.
I enjoy helping people overcome obstacles to enjoy life again. Using a warm, compassionate approach to therapy I walk alongside my clients on their journey helping to guide them in reaching their goals and living the life they desire. Being a small private practice allows me to provide superior mental health care by connecting with each client and being able to focus on each personal story.
(410) 656-6735 View (410) 656-6735
Photo of Liz McQuarrie, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liz McQuarrie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with teens and adults in developing a healthy sexual self. In sessions, I focus on sexuality, identity, communication, and self-confidence. We will talk about how previous events may be impacting current life and evaluate strengths that can assist you in making meaningful changes. I am mindful that people come to therapy with different needs and abilities, so I incorporate relevant modalities and use talk as well as visuals to make concepts more accessible. My hope is that people leave therapy feeling that they have more complete relationships with themselves and others.
I enjoy working with teens and adults in developing a healthy sexual self. In sessions, I focus on sexuality, identity, communication, and self-confidence. We will talk about how previous events may be impacting current life and evaluate strengths that can assist you in making meaningful changes. I am mindful that people come to therapy with different needs and abilities, so I incorporate relevant modalities and use talk as well as visuals to make concepts more accessible. My hope is that people leave therapy feeling that they have more complete relationships with themselves and others.
(410) 593-1529 View (410) 593-1529
Photo of Rebecca Mitch - Bay Area Christian Counseling, PhD, LCPC, BC-TMH, CFC
Bay Area Christian Counseling
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LCPC, BC-TMH, CFC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
Bay Area Christian Counseling Center is located in Annapolis, Maryland. Our counselors are believers and followers of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. All of our counselors are professionally trained at the Master's or Doctoral degree level and licensed through the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene as psychologists, professional counselors or social workers. Our goal is to provide sound professional mental health and counseling services, rooted in Biblical truth and ethics, for the Christian community and the community at large.
Bay Area Christian Counseling Center is located in Annapolis, Maryland. Our counselors are believers and followers of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. All of our counselors are professionally trained at the Master's or Doctoral degree level and licensed through the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene as psychologists, professional counselors or social workers. Our goal is to provide sound professional mental health and counseling services, rooted in Biblical truth and ethics, for the Christian community and the community at large.
(410) 469-6110 View (410) 469-6110
Photo of Lisa Eschbach, LCSW-C, CSAT, CMAT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Eschbach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
I specialize in betrayal trauma, affair recovery for couples, as well as sex and porn addiction for male/female and Mother Hunger. Have you hit the “work required” part of your relationship? I am trained to address intimacy issues and support you to restore healing and peace. Our space will be a place where we work to understand the "why" around what is happening in your life and where we identify how to change what isn't working for you. Once we understand these origins, we can help you to highlight your strengths while overcoming the hurdles and challenges that are in the way of your life goals, happiness, and daily peace.
I specialize in betrayal trauma, affair recovery for couples, as well as sex and porn addiction for male/female and Mother Hunger. Have you hit the “work required” part of your relationship? I am trained to address intimacy issues and support you to restore healing and peace. Our space will be a place where we work to understand the "why" around what is happening in your life and where we identify how to change what isn't working for you. Once we understand these origins, we can help you to highlight your strengths while overcoming the hurdles and challenges that are in the way of your life goals, happiness, and daily peace.
(410) 612-3004 View (410) 612-3004
Photo of Alice Sixbey, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alice Sixbey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
While anxiety is a normal reaction to life's stressors, at some point it can lead to depression and helplessness. I work with individuals who experience anxiety, panic disorder and phobias, depression, stress/anger management issues, PTSD, grief, and end of life issues. Grief manifests itself in various ways from sadness to physical illness. I am a warm and compassionate therapist who can assist you through many of life's transitions including the loss of a loved one or depression/anxiety from caring for a loved one with a terminal illness or debilitating disease.
While anxiety is a normal reaction to life's stressors, at some point it can lead to depression and helplessness. I work with individuals who experience anxiety, panic disorder and phobias, depression, stress/anger management issues, PTSD, grief, and end of life issues. Grief manifests itself in various ways from sadness to physical illness. I am a warm and compassionate therapist who can assist you through many of life's transitions including the loss of a loved one or depression/anxiety from caring for a loved one with a terminal illness or debilitating disease.
(410) 431-1275 View (410) 431-1275
Photo of Deborah Harris Reeves, PhD, MSW, Psychologist
Deborah Harris Reeves
Psychologist, PhD, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
My goal at New Directions, a Clinical Psychology practice, is to assist individuals, couples, families and other groups. Issues may result from many situations, including the challenges of marriage, parenting, friendships, the workplace and others. Or, the challenge may be from being alone. The common thread for many individuals is a wish for "new directions" in life. I make every effort to work towards finding solutions. As a Clinical Psychologist in practice for over 40 years, my belief is that the decision made by individuals to seek psychological treatment is an important step in moving forward towards new directions in life.
My goal at New Directions, a Clinical Psychology practice, is to assist individuals, couples, families and other groups. Issues may result from many situations, including the challenges of marriage, parenting, friendships, the workplace and others. Or, the challenge may be from being alone. The common thread for many individuals is a wish for "new directions" in life. I make every effort to work towards finding solutions. As a Clinical Psychologist in practice for over 40 years, my belief is that the decision made by individuals to seek psychological treatment is an important step in moving forward towards new directions in life.
(410) 941-2603 View (410) 941-2603
1
Gottman Method Therapists

How does the Gottman method work?

One of the core doctrines of the Gottman method is that negative emotions hurt relationships about five times more than positive emotions help them. Thus, couples require five times more positive interactions than negative interactions with each other. The therapist will guide clients on how to improve communication and understanding of each other to manage conflict and have their emotional needs met. The therapist will also advise couples on how to repair relations with each other when conflict arises, and therefore avoid lasting damage.

Is the Gottman method evidence-based?

Yes, this method is an evidence-based approach to couples therapy. The method is based on more than 40 years of research by Drs. John and Julie Gottman, the psychologists who developed the method. The Gottmans analyzed decades of data to draw conclusions about what types of interactions are likely to lead to specific results, and which interventions are most likely to lead to success. Studies have found that this approach leads to improvements in relationship satisfaction, intimacy, communication skills, and a lower rate of divorce.

How long does the Gottman method take?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and an average course of treatment is around 10 sessions. In some cases, such as for couples dealing with a critical problem, the therapist will suggest an intensive course of treatment, with daily sessions over the first two to four days. Treatment is complete when the couple is satisfied and has met the goals they’ve set, and when the therapist believes they have the skills to continue on their own.

Is the Gottman method effective?

Through the Gottman method, couples can achieve changes that are real and sustainable. This treatment has been used for more than 40 years; the method is supported by empirical research, including randomized controlled trials that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving relationship outcomes for couples. Like any talk therapy, success or failure depends in large part on how committed the clients are to making positive changes and working toward results.