Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Patricia Fernández, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Fernández
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
With a warm, thoughtful, and focused style, I aim to create a safe space in which we can collaboratively explore your difficulties and make sense out of what feels overwhelming or impossible to change. Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, difficulties in relationships, or any other kind of emotional pain, sharing the process of understanding yourself better can also change how you experience yourself and others, and make other changes possible.
With a warm, thoughtful, and focused style, I aim to create a safe space in which we can collaboratively explore your difficulties and make sense out of what feels overwhelming or impossible to change. Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, difficulties in relationships, or any other kind of emotional pain, sharing the process of understanding yourself better can also change how you experience yourself and others, and make other changes possible.
(917) 746-5450 View (917) 746-5450
Photo of Lana Krichmar, PhD, Psychologist
Lana Krichmar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10005
Finding a psychologist who is a good fit, especially at the time of emotional crisis can be challenging. To find someone who is empathic, but also direct and firm, who is not afraid to call you out when you most need it, someone who understands the real life challenges of being a parent, teen, or young adult and who approaches challenges with a sense of humor and compassion, someone who has the right training, expertise, and schedule, can be daunting, to say the least. I am a CBT/DBT trained and practicing psychologist who is compassionate and direct.
Finding a psychologist who is a good fit, especially at the time of emotional crisis can be challenging. To find someone who is empathic, but also direct and firm, who is not afraid to call you out when you most need it, someone who understands the real life challenges of being a parent, teen, or young adult and who approaches challenges with a sense of humor and compassion, someone who has the right training, expertise, and schedule, can be daunting, to say the least. I am a CBT/DBT trained and practicing psychologist who is compassionate and direct.
(718) 255-9448 View (718) 255-9448
Photo of Baris Unsal-Riley, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Baris Unsal-Riley
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and couples who would like to gain a deeper understanding of their internal processes, thoughts and behaviors. I provide psychodynamic and supportive psychotherapy for patients who struggle with various issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, trauma and body image.
I work with individuals and couples who would like to gain a deeper understanding of their internal processes, thoughts and behaviors. I provide psychodynamic and supportive psychotherapy for patients who struggle with various issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, trauma and body image.
(646) 349-0888 View (646) 349-0888
Photo of Gavriel Boniuk, PsyD
Gavriel Boniuk
PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I have focused my clinical interests on anxiety and mood disorders and griefwork. Additionally, I have experience working with a diverse population of adolescents and adults. I appreciate sitting with my clients and supporting them through difficult emotions to help embolden them to navigate the challenges they face. My work tends to focus on cognitive behavioral therapies such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation, and I occasionally employ dialectical behavioral therapy skills.
I have focused my clinical interests on anxiety and mood disorders and griefwork. Additionally, I have experience working with a diverse population of adolescents and adults. I appreciate sitting with my clients and supporting them through difficult emotions to help embolden them to navigate the challenges they face. My work tends to focus on cognitive behavioral therapies such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation, and I occasionally employ dialectical behavioral therapy skills.
(646) 687-1227 View (646) 687-1227
Photo of Felecia Farrell, LCSW, RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Felecia Farrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
I seek to create an affirming, supportive space to explore raw emotions without judgment. My aim is to guide you on your journey of self-awareness so that you can make informed decisions about your life. I have specialized training in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, which I combine with other modalities to help clients actualize a deeper sense of self-awareness. I practice from a trauma-informed perspective and racial equity lens, and understand that each client is an intersection of the various identities they are balancing (e.g. race, gender, sexuality, culture).
I seek to create an affirming, supportive space to explore raw emotions without judgment. My aim is to guide you on your journey of self-awareness so that you can make informed decisions about your life. I have specialized training in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, which I combine with other modalities to help clients actualize a deeper sense of self-awareness. I practice from a trauma-informed perspective and racial equity lens, and understand that each client is an intersection of the various identities they are balancing (e.g. race, gender, sexuality, culture).
(929) 547-7560 View (929) 547-7560
Photo of Chloe Carmichael, PhD, Psychologist
Chloe Carmichael
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
I work well with clients seeking help with stress management, relationship issues, goal attainment, or issues related to emotion and self-esteem. My ideal clients are professionals who are seeking results. In addition to my work with clients, I also provide practice building tools for clinicians. Although I am currently on sabbatical from psychotherapy clients, I do oversee my associates, Amanda Pelcher, LMFT and Grayson Stadler, LCSW. You can have a free consultation with my office to learn more. Send us an email or give us a call so we may assist you further!
I work well with clients seeking help with stress management, relationship issues, goal attainment, or issues related to emotion and self-esteem. My ideal clients are professionals who are seeking results. In addition to my work with clients, I also provide practice building tools for clinicians. Although I am currently on sabbatical from psychotherapy clients, I do oversee my associates, Amanda Pelcher, LMFT and Grayson Stadler, LCSW. You can have a free consultation with my office to learn more. Send us an email or give us a call so we may assist you further!
(929) 499-0492 View (929) 499-0492
Photo of Olivia Reasoner, MA, MHC-I, Pre-Licensed Professional
Olivia Reasoner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHC-I
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10004
I work with adults of all ages, couples, and families and offer both remote and in-person appointments. I help clients navigate relational difficulties, self-esteem issues, anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions & feelings of being stuck. I draw on prior experience from a nonprofit mental health care center and a research-based group practice where I engaged in research and collaborative practice with mental health providers. I earned my Master’s Degree in Psychology with a focus on Spirituality, Mind, and Body from Teachers College, Columbia University & am pursuing an additional Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling.
I work with adults of all ages, couples, and families and offer both remote and in-person appointments. I help clients navigate relational difficulties, self-esteem issues, anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions & feelings of being stuck. I draw on prior experience from a nonprofit mental health care center and a research-based group practice where I engaged in research and collaborative practice with mental health providers. I earned my Master’s Degree in Psychology with a focus on Spirituality, Mind, and Body from Teachers College, Columbia University & am pursuing an additional Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling.
(646) 718-7198 View (646) 718-7198
Photo of Racquel Reid, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Racquel Reid
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I identify as a gender non conforming Caribbean American Lesbian Woman. My therapy practice is inclusive of all genders, sexual orientation, racial backgrounds, and religious affiliations. Everyone deserves a warm, welcoming, therapeutic experience which I pride myself in offering. I work with clients dealing with various issues such as mental health issues (Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, etc), personality disorders, trauma, relational issues, substance abuse, gender identity and sexuality issues, chronic medical illnesses, grief and the loss of loved ones, etc...
I identify as a gender non conforming Caribbean American Lesbian Woman. My therapy practice is inclusive of all genders, sexual orientation, racial backgrounds, and religious affiliations. Everyone deserves a warm, welcoming, therapeutic experience which I pride myself in offering. I work with clients dealing with various issues such as mental health issues (Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, etc), personality disorders, trauma, relational issues, substance abuse, gender identity and sexuality issues, chronic medical illnesses, grief and the loss of loved ones, etc...
(917) 994-6285 View (917) 994-6285
Photo of Ludmilla Rubinov - AvantGarde Behavioral Health Services PLLC, MS, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
AvantGarde Behavioral Health Services PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Hello. My name is Ludmilla Rubinov. I am the owner of a private psychotherapy practice, as well as a psychotherapist with 23 years experience. I have worked with variety of human struggles with emphasis on solution-focused, insight-oriented work designed to instill an expansive self-belief and effective means of dealing with emotional symptoms, relationship conflicts and work related stress. Described as warm, welcoming and emphatic, I partner with my clients to help them to understand themselves and in identifying obstacles that prevent them from leading more satisfying lives.
Hello. My name is Ludmilla Rubinov. I am the owner of a private psychotherapy practice, as well as a psychotherapist with 23 years experience. I have worked with variety of human struggles with emphasis on solution-focused, insight-oriented work designed to instill an expansive self-belief and effective means of dealing with emotional symptoms, relationship conflicts and work related stress. Described as warm, welcoming and emphatic, I partner with my clients to help them to understand themselves and in identifying obstacles that prevent them from leading more satisfying lives.
(929) 298-3964 View (929) 298-3964
Photo of Geraldine Espinoza, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Geraldine Espinoza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
I welcome everyone from all walks of life. My goal is to gain an in-depth knowledge of your specific needs using our talk space to deepen self-awareness, using psycho-education, and empathically nurture growth by providing the tools needed to achieve goals. The initial session will focus on completing a comprehensive assessment. I have worked with families, children, adolescents, and adults. I will guide, support, mentor, and collaborate with you on establishing goals to best meet your needs.
I welcome everyone from all walks of life. My goal is to gain an in-depth knowledge of your specific needs using our talk space to deepen self-awareness, using psycho-education, and empathically nurture growth by providing the tools needed to achieve goals. The initial session will focus on completing a comprehensive assessment. I have worked with families, children, adolescents, and adults. I will guide, support, mentor, and collaborate with you on establishing goals to best meet your needs.
(347) 482-1572 View (347) 482-1572
Photo of Maxine Gann, PhD, Psychologist
Maxine Gann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
Not accepting new clients
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst in private practice for nearly 30 years. I graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a Ph.D. in clinical and developmental psychology and from the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute. There are times when life can be a struggle, whether in your personal relationships, achievements at work, or life transitions. You may feel depressed, suffer from panic, or experience anxiety. My years of experience and post-graduate education make it possible for me to work successfully with people in need.
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst in private practice for nearly 30 years. I graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a Ph.D. in clinical and developmental psychology and from the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute. There are times when life can be a struggle, whether in your personal relationships, achievements at work, or life transitions. You may feel depressed, suffer from panic, or experience anxiety. My years of experience and post-graduate education make it possible for me to work successfully with people in need.
(646) 941-8044 View (646) 941-8044
Photo of Sally Miller, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sally Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
Are you missing appreciation? Does he stonewall? Does she not stop criticizing? Anxious and having trust issues? Do you feel a lack of sexual desire? Fighting over sexual frequency? I can help you stop the negative cycle. Feel love again. Feel intimate again. Trained explicitly as a marriage and family therapist, I am a highly trained and experienced couples therapist. I believe in a collaborative approach and skilled at creating tools to foster healthy connections between couples and families. Together, we repair your relationship by introducing new methods of communication to increase empathy and flexibility.
(929) 441-6281 View (929) 441-6281
Photo of Seda Ciftci Sevil, PsyD, MA, BA, Psychologist
Seda Ciftci Sevil
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, BA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10029
I am a NY State licensed clinical psychologist with experience working with children 6 years and older, adolescents and young adults. I use person centered approach and CBT to treat mood and anxiety disorders and other mental health problems. My authenticity and sense of humor, and ability to incorporate play into the sessions help me connect with children and treat them effectively. I believe individuals first need to feel safe, understood and supported within the therapeutic relationship. I also think it's important to tailor treatment interventions to fit the specific needs of individuals I am working with.
I am a NY State licensed clinical psychologist with experience working with children 6 years and older, adolescents and young adults. I use person centered approach and CBT to treat mood and anxiety disorders and other mental health problems. My authenticity and sense of humor, and ability to incorporate play into the sessions help me connect with children and treat them effectively. I believe individuals first need to feel safe, understood and supported within the therapeutic relationship. I also think it's important to tailor treatment interventions to fit the specific needs of individuals I am working with.
(347) 414-7759 View (347) 414-7759
Photo of Tera Jansen, PsyD, LP, CST, Psychologist
Tera Jansen
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, CST
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Hello, I’m Dr Tera Jansen, a psychologist and certified sex therapist with 10+ years of experience. Beyond my competencies in general mental health, I have had extensive training and experience working with concerns related to sexual health and gender. This includes individuals and couples experiencing significant distress or concern in relation to their sexual functioning, relationships, behaviors, interests, or identity. I have also helped many folks find satisfaction in their sexual lives post trauma.
Hello, I’m Dr Tera Jansen, a psychologist and certified sex therapist with 10+ years of experience. Beyond my competencies in general mental health, I have had extensive training and experience working with concerns related to sexual health and gender. This includes individuals and couples experiencing significant distress or concern in relation to their sexual functioning, relationships, behaviors, interests, or identity. I have also helped many folks find satisfaction in their sexual lives post trauma.
(332) 238-4918 View (332) 238-4918
Photo of Natalie Christensen, LMSW
Natalie Christensen
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
I recognize that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to mental health. I believe in the importance of co-creating an open, judgment-free space where clients can safely explore challenges and collaboratively discover strengths and strategies for managing mental health. I take a strengths-based, curiosity-driven perspective that highlights clients’ innate abilities to process and explore their experiences in order to improve their daily lives.
I recognize that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to mental health. I believe in the importance of co-creating an open, judgment-free space where clients can safely explore challenges and collaboratively discover strengths and strategies for managing mental health. I take a strengths-based, curiosity-driven perspective that highlights clients’ innate abilities to process and explore their experiences in order to improve their daily lives.
(646) 849-4743 View (646) 849-4743
Photo of Jeffrey Motter, PhD, Psychologist
Jeffrey Motter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
I specialize in providing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for adults who are experiencing anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, or depression. I use brief, evidence-based treatments to help you feel better quickly. My style is empathic, realistic, and optimistic. I view therapy as a collaborative process, mainly focused on the here-and-now, where we work together to enable you to overcome the barriers between you and your goals.
I specialize in providing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for adults who are experiencing anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, or depression. I use brief, evidence-based treatments to help you feel better quickly. My style is empathic, realistic, and optimistic. I view therapy as a collaborative process, mainly focused on the here-and-now, where we work together to enable you to overcome the barriers between you and your goals.
(646) 759-1596 View (646) 759-1596
Photo of Celia Lesh, MSWI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Celia Lesh
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSWI
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
While I believe that the soul can be a locus of pain, vulnerable to devastation – I also believe that in tending to the many truths of this pain with curiosity and therapeutic collaboration that the soul can also become a locus of transformation where healing takes place. I provide an empathetic and non-judgmental setting where issues of anxiety, depression, challenging relationships, traumatic history, existential loneliness, longing, and belonging can be intricately tended to and shifted.
While I believe that the soul can be a locus of pain, vulnerable to devastation – I also believe that in tending to the many truths of this pain with curiosity and therapeutic collaboration that the soul can also become a locus of transformation where healing takes place. I provide an empathetic and non-judgmental setting where issues of anxiety, depression, challenging relationships, traumatic history, existential loneliness, longing, and belonging can be intricately tended to and shifted.
(347) 919-8294 View (347) 919-8294
Photo of Fred Casale, PhD, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Fred Casale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Therapy is about healing and self growth. It is about making decisions and achieving life goals. It is about bettering relationships and building meaningful ties. It's about working through, and living without the pain of loss, depression and anxiety. In an atmosphere of safety, trust and non-judgement, I will help you navigate those difficulties which foster anxiety, depression and confusion, recognizing the often, central role of trauma in such challenges. I will assist in the process of gaining insight, while making decisions which breed personal and professional success. I will help in cultivating and improving relationships.
Therapy is about healing and self growth. It is about making decisions and achieving life goals. It is about bettering relationships and building meaningful ties. It's about working through, and living without the pain of loss, depression and anxiety. In an atmosphere of safety, trust and non-judgement, I will help you navigate those difficulties which foster anxiety, depression and confusion, recognizing the often, central role of trauma in such challenges. I will assist in the process of gaining insight, while making decisions which breed personal and professional success. I will help in cultivating and improving relationships.
(646) 783-4762 View (646) 783-4762
Photo of Vanessa Dine - Vanessa Dine, Trauma and Sex Addiction Counseling, LMSW, ASAT, APTT, EMDR, trained
Vanessa Dine, Trauma and Sex Addiction Counseling
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, ASAT, APTT, EMDR, trained
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014  (Online Only)
If you are reading this, you may be seeking treatment for porn or out of control sexual behaviors. Or if you have been impacted by sexual betrayal and feeling the symptoms of PTSD then we can start the therapeutic work. I am a Licensed Master of Social Work (LMSW), Associate Sex Addiction Therapist, Associate Partner Trauma Therapist and CSAT trained. With compassion and expertise, I support individuals and couples impacted by compulsive sexual behaviors, intimacy concerns and partner betrayal.
If you are reading this, you may be seeking treatment for porn or out of control sexual behaviors. Or if you have been impacted by sexual betrayal and feeling the symptoms of PTSD then we can start the therapeutic work. I am a Licensed Master of Social Work (LMSW), Associate Sex Addiction Therapist, Associate Partner Trauma Therapist and CSAT trained. With compassion and expertise, I support individuals and couples impacted by compulsive sexual behaviors, intimacy concerns and partner betrayal.
(912) 493-7793 View (912) 493-7793
Photo of Olivia Korn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Olivia Korn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am an integrative psychotherapist with a master of clinical social work from Columbia University. I have dedicated my professional life to learning experiential approaches that focus on the mind-body connection, attachment theory, and healing trauma. I am passionate about sharing what I have learned through my extensive training, holistic psychotherapy practice, my healing work, and having designed and taught an innovative somatic-based trauma course for social work graduate students.
I am an integrative psychotherapist with a master of clinical social work from Columbia University. I have dedicated my professional life to learning experiential approaches that focus on the mind-body connection, attachment theory, and healing trauma. I am passionate about sharing what I have learned through my extensive training, holistic psychotherapy practice, my healing work, and having designed and taught an innovative somatic-based trauma course for social work graduate students.
(929) 466-9104 View (929) 466-9104
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.