Therapists in Worcester, MA

Photo of Mary Lippoth - Mary Lippoth, M.A., LMHC, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Mary Lippoth, M.A., LMHC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605
Welcome and thank you for reading further. Since even prior to the Pandemic, it seems life has become much more stressful for children, adolescents and adults but mental health awareness has improved. If you or your child are struggling with anxiety/social anxiety, AD(H)D, OCD, depression, significant loss/bereavement, have experienced trauma, feeling pressure to be perfect, feeling disconnected in your relationships, or in general feeling you've lost perspective of where you want to or are supposed to be at this point in your life, I would like to be of assistance. I have been successfully treating all of these conditions and more.
Welcome and thank you for reading further. Since even prior to the Pandemic, it seems life has become much more stressful for children, adolescents and adults but mental health awareness has improved. If you or your child are struggling with anxiety/social anxiety, AD(H)D, OCD, depression, significant loss/bereavement, have experienced trauma, feeling pressure to be perfect, feeling disconnected in your relationships, or in general feeling you've lost perspective of where you want to or are supposed to be at this point in your life, I would like to be of assistance. I have been successfully treating all of these conditions and more.
(508) 923-7062 View (508) 923-7062
Photo of Dr. Peter Gagliardo, PhD
Dr. Peter Gagliardo
PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01605
Accepting Self-Paying Clients only at this time. Meet Dr. Peter Gagliardo—your shortcut to a life less ordinary. More than a therapist or consultant, Dr. Gagliardo blends both with a Mindfullness and Holistic approach to help you build lasting relationships, zero in on your life's mission, and master the art of laser focus. No need for academic titles or boardroom lingo, just you, hungry for a change. Ready for your breakthrough? Let's chat and kickstart your transformation journey.
Accepting Self-Paying Clients only at this time. Meet Dr. Peter Gagliardo—your shortcut to a life less ordinary. More than a therapist or consultant, Dr. Gagliardo blends both with a Mindfullness and Holistic approach to help you build lasting relationships, zero in on your life's mission, and master the art of laser focus. No need for academic titles or boardroom lingo, just you, hungry for a change. Ready for your breakthrough? Let's chat and kickstart your transformation journey.
(508) 372-8494 View (508) 372-8494
Enlightened Interventions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01608
Our practice offers clients a chance to collaborate to create a strength-based, client-centered, holistic treatment plan that will allow the client to achieve their goals through a wide variety of interventions. Our group practice has a variety of clinicians who have an extensive history working with a wide variety of presenting problems, including mood and adjustment disorders, trauma, and family and relational issues. We will work with you to find creative and plausible solutions to the problems you are facing. We believe wellness is achievable, manageable, and sustainable for all clients.
Our practice offers clients a chance to collaborate to create a strength-based, client-centered, holistic treatment plan that will allow the client to achieve their goals through a wide variety of interventions. Our group practice has a variety of clinicians who have an extensive history working with a wide variety of presenting problems, including mood and adjustment disorders, trauma, and family and relational issues. We will work with you to find creative and plausible solutions to the problems you are facing. We believe wellness is achievable, manageable, and sustainable for all clients.
(978) 404-7979 View (978) 404-7979
Photo of Maggie Platt, LMHC, Counselor
Maggie Platt
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01605
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking for a coachy therapist? or a therapisty coach? Are you feeling not heard or seen in your relationships? Have you not accomplished your goals - personally or professionally? I enjoy working collaboratively with motivated adults looking to understand the barriers to full expression and fulfillment in their lives. I tend to be direct and engage in lots of active dialogue in order to provide alternative viewpoints from which people gain insight and grow to achieve their goals. I believe we are all perfect, and life events interrupt our belief of that. We can heal this belief through exploration and understanding.
Are you looking for a coachy therapist? or a therapisty coach? Are you feeling not heard or seen in your relationships? Have you not accomplished your goals - personally or professionally? I enjoy working collaboratively with motivated adults looking to understand the barriers to full expression and fulfillment in their lives. I tend to be direct and engage in lots of active dialogue in order to provide alternative viewpoints from which people gain insight and grow to achieve their goals. I believe we are all perfect, and life events interrupt our belief of that. We can heal this belief through exploration and understanding.
(774) 206-9656 View (774) 206-9656
Photo of Kathleen L McLeod, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen L McLeod
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01609
I do my best work with adolescents and adults. I meet clients where they are and listen and validate each one's personal story. I work with clients to identify strengths and gently challenge beliefs or behaviors that are no longer serving them. I draw metaphors from nature and emphasize the practice of mindfulness.
I do my best work with adolescents and adults. I meet clients where they are and listen and validate each one's personal story. I work with clients to identify strengths and gently challenge beliefs or behaviors that are no longer serving them. I draw metaphors from nature and emphasize the practice of mindfulness.
(508) 290-6035 View (508) 290-6035
Photo of Sarah Baillie, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Baillie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01609  (Online Only)
Therapy is a special, intimate process through which individuals may heal, evolve, and flourish. Clients who work with me are eager to invest in their wellbeing, growth, and quality of life and relationships.
Therapy is a special, intimate process through which individuals may heal, evolve, and flourish. Clients who work with me are eager to invest in their wellbeing, growth, and quality of life and relationships.
(508) 715-8101 View (508) 715-8101
Photo of Jason Czernich, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jason Czernich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605  (Online Only)
Jason Czernich is a person-centered, trauma-informed, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with more than 11 years of experience in the mental health and human services field. He utilizes motivational interviewing techniques with adults and seniors to help them understand, manage, alleviate, and resolve symptoms of depression, anxiety, overspending, grief, suicidality, interpersonal conflict, existential crises, and other challenges they're facing in their lives.
Jason Czernich is a person-centered, trauma-informed, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with more than 11 years of experience in the mental health and human services field. He utilizes motivational interviewing techniques with adults and seniors to help them understand, manage, alleviate, and resolve symptoms of depression, anxiety, overspending, grief, suicidality, interpersonal conflict, existential crises, and other challenges they're facing in their lives.
(508) 625-5332 View (508) 625-5332
Photo of Kimberly Trainor, PsyD, NCSP, LEP
Kimberly Trainor
PsyD, NCSP, LEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01602
Does your child have trouble with attention, managing their emotions or behavior, or learning at school or at home? As a doctoral-level licensed educational psychologist, I can help by providing therapy and/or comprehensive psychological or psycho-educational assessments to better understand their strengths and weaknesses. Through evaluations, I can provide specific treatment recommendations for issues such as ADHD, autism, learning disorders, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD. In therapy, I can help children and teens develop positive coping, communication, and problem-solving skills.
Does your child have trouble with attention, managing their emotions or behavior, or learning at school or at home? As a doctoral-level licensed educational psychologist, I can help by providing therapy and/or comprehensive psychological or psycho-educational assessments to better understand their strengths and weaknesses. Through evaluations, I can provide specific treatment recommendations for issues such as ADHD, autism, learning disorders, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD. In therapy, I can help children and teens develop positive coping, communication, and problem-solving skills.
(774) 450-6076 View (774) 450-6076
Photo of Cassidy Steinbrecher, MA
Cassidy Steinbrecher
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01608  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with getting tasks done? Are you chronically late to classes or meetings? Are you disorganized, forgetful, or constantly misplacing items? Executive Functioning Coaching is for you! Executive functions are cognitive skills that are critical in managing daily life and achieving goals. Individuals can struggle with these skills for a number of reasons, including life transitions (e.g. going to college, first jobs), stress, or a number of different diagnoses (e.g. anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism). Problems with EF skills can negatively impact schooling, career, and relationships.
Do you struggle with getting tasks done? Are you chronically late to classes or meetings? Are you disorganized, forgetful, or constantly misplacing items? Executive Functioning Coaching is for you! Executive functions are cognitive skills that are critical in managing daily life and achieving goals. Individuals can struggle with these skills for a number of reasons, including life transitions (e.g. going to college, first jobs), stress, or a number of different diagnoses (e.g. anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism). Problems with EF skills can negatively impact schooling, career, and relationships.
(978) 577-2961 x700 View (978) 577-2961 x700
Photo of Kendyl Geeze, LMHC, Counselor
Kendyl Geeze
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605  (Online Only)
Kendyl Geeze is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) who has 4 years of experience working with adults, couples, and adolescents seeking support with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, past trauma, faith/spiritual issues, and career/ life transitions. Kendyl completed her Master of Science (MS) in Professional Counseling at Grand Canyon University.
Kendyl Geeze is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) who has 4 years of experience working with adults, couples, and adolescents seeking support with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, past trauma, faith/spiritual issues, and career/ life transitions. Kendyl completed her Master of Science (MS) in Professional Counseling at Grand Canyon University.
(508) 257-7384 View (508) 257-7384
Photo of Debra Joy, MEd, CAGS, LMHC, Counselor
Debra Joy
Counselor, MEd, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605
I have been working with families who are in crisis ( children with behavioral issues and teens who have trouble functioning). I have extensive experience with substance abuse (heroin,pills, and alcohol) issues, that have been affecting teens/parents. I can help parents and couples, dealing with relationship problems-many times tantruming children or depressed/anxious teens are a factor. Working with the entire family, or just the individual is my specialty. I have experience working with children who have trauma history, ADHD, anxiety or depression. I am able to assist parents in deciphering the IEP/504 options, if needed.
I have been working with families who are in crisis ( children with behavioral issues and teens who have trouble functioning). I have extensive experience with substance abuse (heroin,pills, and alcohol) issues, that have been affecting teens/parents. I can help parents and couples, dealing with relationship problems-many times tantruming children or depressed/anxious teens are a factor. Working with the entire family, or just the individual is my specialty. I have experience working with children who have trauma history, ADHD, anxiety or depression. I am able to assist parents in deciphering the IEP/504 options, if needed.
(978) 434-5776 View (978) 434-5776
Photo of Caroline Bardini, MA , Pre-Licensed Professional
Caroline Bardini
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01605
Caroline (she/her) graduated with her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She enjoys working with young adults to assist in building healthy relationships, improving self esteem, and managing life stressors. Caroline's experience in the inpatient setting has given her tools to recognize and support clients when they are most vulnerable in a therapeutic, non-judgemental environment. Her ultimate goal for therapy is to create a safe space through respect and unconditional positive regard.
Caroline (she/her) graduated with her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She enjoys working with young adults to assist in building healthy relationships, improving self esteem, and managing life stressors. Caroline's experience in the inpatient setting has given her tools to recognize and support clients when they are most vulnerable in a therapeutic, non-judgemental environment. Her ultimate goal for therapy is to create a safe space through respect and unconditional positive regard.
View
Photo of Katy (Kathryn) Allen, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katy (Kathryn) Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01609  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Practice Full/Waitlist for October 2024: There are times in our lives when we just don't feel like ourselves anymore. We notice we're worrying more often, feeling more run down, or disconnected from the person we know we can be. Maybe these challenges crept up over time or perhaps they stemmed from a recent life event. I like to think of these challenges as our edges: places that might feel like a stopping point, but are really just a pause before we enter a new phase of growth. You are wise to reach out and know you can get better with the right support. I would be honored to help.
Practice Full/Waitlist for October 2024: There are times in our lives when we just don't feel like ourselves anymore. We notice we're worrying more often, feeling more run down, or disconnected from the person we know we can be. Maybe these challenges crept up over time or perhaps they stemmed from a recent life event. I like to think of these challenges as our edges: places that might feel like a stopping point, but are really just a pause before we enter a new phase of growth. You are wise to reach out and know you can get better with the right support. I would be honored to help.
(978) 464-3932 View (978) 464-3932
Photo of Sophie Kolchin-Miller, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophie Kolchin-Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01602  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Reaching out to a therapist is a courageous and healthy way of taking care of yourself. Perhaps you’re here because of a loss or trauma, a life transition, or a relationship challenge. Or maybe it’s a feeling of stuckness or pain, or a sense of fear or shame that prevents you from expressing important parts of yourself. Whatever it is that brings you to therapy, I am confident that working through your suffering within the safety of a trusting relationship can give you relief and help you live more authentically.
Reaching out to a therapist is a courageous and healthy way of taking care of yourself. Perhaps you’re here because of a loss or trauma, a life transition, or a relationship challenge. Or maybe it’s a feeling of stuckness or pain, or a sense of fear or shame that prevents you from expressing important parts of yourself. Whatever it is that brings you to therapy, I am confident that working through your suffering within the safety of a trusting relationship can give you relief and help you live more authentically.
(508) 715-3237 View (508) 715-3237
Photo of Mary Murphy, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605  (Online Only)
(Accepting New Clients Via Telehealth) Seeking therapy is the first step to positive changes in your life that you may be yearning for. My role within your time in therapy is to help increase your self awareness, recognize the skills and strengths already within you, support you getting unstuck so you feel empowered, motivated and happy. Many people seek routine and accountability while others might need to increase comfortability expressing emotions or coping. I work with you to explore how therapy can be unique to you and be the most beneficial for your current needs.
(Accepting New Clients Via Telehealth) Seeking therapy is the first step to positive changes in your life that you may be yearning for. My role within your time in therapy is to help increase your self awareness, recognize the skills and strengths already within you, support you getting unstuck so you feel empowered, motivated and happy. Many people seek routine and accountability while others might need to increase comfortability expressing emotions or coping. I work with you to explore how therapy can be unique to you and be the most beneficial for your current needs.
(508) 538-3768 View (508) 538-3768
Photo of Laura Silva, MA, LicMHC, Counselor
Laura Silva
Counselor, MA, LicMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01609  (Online Only)
I provide traditional, holistic and transpersonal psychotherapy, empowering people with hope, skills for positive change and a path for total well being. I help Individuals feeling stuck, discontent,and desiring greater fulfillment. Clients love my work. I provide a natural approach to mental health. Working together, blocks and struggles are transformed, unlocking inner wisdom and personal power. For over 30+ years, I offer a compassionate, intuitive presence, healing the root cause of the problem. Clients express feeling greater clarity, integration, self acceptance and inner strength. I also teach inner skills of mindfulness, meditation and spiritual development.
I provide traditional, holistic and transpersonal psychotherapy, empowering people with hope, skills for positive change and a path for total well being. I help Individuals feeling stuck, discontent,and desiring greater fulfillment. Clients love my work. I provide a natural approach to mental health. Working together, blocks and struggles are transformed, unlocking inner wisdom and personal power. For over 30+ years, I offer a compassionate, intuitive presence, healing the root cause of the problem. Clients express feeling greater clarity, integration, self acceptance and inner strength. I also teach inner skills of mindfulness, meditation and spiritual development.
(978) 226-8901 View (978) 226-8901
Photo of Laura Fusari, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Fusari
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01602  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am currently unable to take new patients. I will possibly have openings mid February. I welcome the opportunity to work with you, wherever you are in your journey, without judgement. I enjoy helping individuals work through all sorts of challenges, and would be honored to help you dig into areas of your life you wish to begin to understand more deeply. Through strength focused therapy, I work hard to empower you to feel more aware—and in control—of your life and your reactions. We will work collaboratively to improve your functioning and overall wellbeing.
I am currently unable to take new patients. I will possibly have openings mid February. I welcome the opportunity to work with you, wherever you are in your journey, without judgement. I enjoy helping individuals work through all sorts of challenges, and would be honored to help you dig into areas of your life you wish to begin to understand more deeply. Through strength focused therapy, I work hard to empower you to feel more aware—and in control—of your life and your reactions. We will work collaboratively to improve your functioning and overall wellbeing.
(508) 850-0387 View (508) 850-0387
Photo of Catherine Cruz, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Cruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605
Accepting New Clients. I have been a social worker for 23 years servicing clients who are coping with life's difficulties and challenges. I believe in meeting you where you are at, and then assisting you to progress to where you want to be. I will guarantee you a safe, non-judgmental space to talk where you will be treated with respect and dignity. My experience encompasses many issues that face us on a daily basis, including, grief & loss, anxiety & depression, trauma, weight loss & self-esteem issues., chronic & terminal illness, and narcissistic abuse recovery. Telehealth/In-person sessions offered.
Accepting New Clients. I have been a social worker for 23 years servicing clients who are coping with life's difficulties and challenges. I believe in meeting you where you are at, and then assisting you to progress to where you want to be. I will guarantee you a safe, non-judgmental space to talk where you will be treated with respect and dignity. My experience encompasses many issues that face us on a daily basis, including, grief & loss, anxiety & depression, trauma, weight loss & self-esteem issues., chronic & terminal illness, and narcissistic abuse recovery. Telehealth/In-person sessions offered.
(508) 658-9122 View (508) 658-9122
Photo of Alice Litter, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alice Litter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Let's have a conversation. I'll offer a fresh perspective and strategies for managing anxiety, reducing relationship tensions, and coping with change. Together, we’ll focus on your strengths and explore next steps toward feeling more hopeful. I use a blend of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive behavioral and conflict resolution techniques,
Let's have a conversation. I'll offer a fresh perspective and strategies for managing anxiety, reducing relationship tensions, and coping with change. Together, we’ll focus on your strengths and explore next steps toward feeling more hopeful. I use a blend of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive behavioral and conflict resolution techniques,
(978) 716-2785 View (978) 716-2785
Photo of Brittany Ford Petty, LICSW, E-RYT, IINHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brittany Ford Petty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, E-RYT, IINHC
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01609
Not accepting new clients
It is with gratitude that I hold space for you. The therapeutic relationship is an important tool used to build a solid and trusting relationship with yourself, the world around you, and the people within it. I work with humans who may be struggling to cope with life's unpredictable and impermanent nature, with life transitions, anxiety, grief, trauma, and other forms of emotional pain. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore patterns of thinking and living that have hindered your growth and prevented you from engaging wholeheartedly in your life.
It is with gratitude that I hold space for you. The therapeutic relationship is an important tool used to build a solid and trusting relationship with yourself, the world around you, and the people within it. I work with humans who may be struggling to cope with life's unpredictable and impermanent nature, with life transitions, anxiety, grief, trauma, and other forms of emotional pain. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore patterns of thinking and living that have hindered your growth and prevented you from engaging wholeheartedly in your life.
(508) 978-6170 View (508) 978-6170

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Worcester, MA

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Worcester, MA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
67% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem
67% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
65% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
61% Aetna

How Therapists in Worcester, MA see their clients

56% Online Only
44% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Worcester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.