Buddhist Therapists in Wilmington, MA
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![Photo of Stephen Fisher, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fccd476a-42fd-4903-bf03-500a7bf7dad2/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a spiritually oriented psychologist who has been practicing psychotherapy with individual adults and couples in the Greater Lowell community for 40 years and am certified as a marriage and family therapist (AAMFT) and pastoral counselor as well as a psychologist. I have practiced contemplative prayer/meditation in the Christian and Buddhist traditions for many years and integrate mind/body/spirit approaches to healing with counseling. Weaving strands from psychology, psychotherapy, and holistic healing continues to be my passion and I welcome persons of all faith persuasions or none.
I am a spiritually oriented psychologist who has been practicing psychotherapy with individual adults and couples in the Greater Lowell community for 40 years and am certified as a marriage and family therapist (AAMFT) and pastoral counselor as well as a psychologist. I have practiced contemplative prayer/meditation in the Christian and Buddhist traditions for many years and integrate mind/body/spirit approaches to healing with counseling. Weaving strands from psychology, psychotherapy, and holistic healing continues to be my passion and I welcome persons of all faith persuasions or none.
![Photo of Bryan Harter, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a234abc7-5d92-4373-a4cf-bdaf5d6966db/1/320x400.jpeg)
Bryan Harter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Wakefield, MA 01880 (Online Only)
Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I provide behavioral health consultation services to adults of all ages and life circumstances. I help with anxiety, depression, life-limiting illnesses, and general day-to-day adjustment to life challenges. Together, we find solutions to what brings you to therapy in the context of your unique life experiences.
Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I provide behavioral health consultation services to adults of all ages and life circumstances. I help with anxiety, depression, life-limiting illnesses, and general day-to-day adjustment to life challenges. Together, we find solutions to what brings you to therapy in the context of your unique life experiences.
![Photo of Madeleine Pluhar, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45a4dfcc-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Madeleine Pluhar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Winchester, MA 01890 (Online Only)
Do you tell yourself "Something's wrong with me"? On the outside your life looks good - no one would know you feel this way - but on the inside you cope with conflicting feelings and thoughts that leave you anxious, depressed and undecided. Do you feel very alone – despite your apparent success? Maybe the crux of the matter is an important relationship; no matter how you try, you still feel so alone and invisible. Maybe you feel the problem must be you, "I'm the common denominator" and your efforts to improve yourself haven't helped. If you recognize yourself in this description, reach out to me. I can help.
Do you tell yourself "Something's wrong with me"? On the outside your life looks good - no one would know you feel this way - but on the inside you cope with conflicting feelings and thoughts that leave you anxious, depressed and undecided. Do you feel very alone – despite your apparent success? Maybe the crux of the matter is an important relationship; no matter how you try, you still feel so alone and invisible. Maybe you feel the problem must be you, "I'm the common denominator" and your efforts to improve yourself haven't helped. If you recognize yourself in this description, reach out to me. I can help.
![Photo of Vennis Nhem, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3e97029d-5bdd-4e7b-8c9f-f884d3c221df/1/320x400.png)
Vennis Nhem
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lowell, MA 01852 (Online Only)
Are you struggling with feeling misunderstood by others around you? Do you find yourself wondering what you're doing? Seeking counseling or therapy can be a vulnerable process. Vennis works to providing a safe, non-judgmental space for her clients to explore their thoughts and feelings, and works collaboratively with them to develop treatment plans that are tailored to their unique needs.
Are you struggling with feeling misunderstood by others around you? Do you find yourself wondering what you're doing? Seeking counseling or therapy can be a vulnerable process. Vennis works to providing a safe, non-judgmental space for her clients to explore their thoughts and feelings, and works collaboratively with them to develop treatment plans that are tailored to their unique needs.
![Photo of Laura Howell, MS, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/811447d5-d463-4270-97f6-9580268eae83/2/320x400.jpeg)
Life can be difficult and overwhelming. All of us have times when we struggle and feel alone or unclear about what to do. Entering into a therapeutic relationship is a courageous and powerful way to get unstuck and find a path forward. Since 1991, I have enjoyed working with adults and adolescents who come to counseling with a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and chronic stress. I utilize both traditional and innovative therapeutic approaches based on your unique preferences and needs.
Life can be difficult and overwhelming. All of us have times when we struggle and feel alone or unclear about what to do. Entering into a therapeutic relationship is a courageous and powerful way to get unstuck and find a path forward. Since 1991, I have enjoyed working with adults and adolescents who come to counseling with a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and chronic stress. I utilize both traditional and innovative therapeutic approaches based on your unique preferences and needs.
![Photo of Emily Murcko, MEd](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ce7c53cf-5ed2-4de3-80aa-bcc0c0a5f6bd/2/320x400.jpeg)
Accepting NEW patients as of July 2024! Emily Murcko is a Boston-based clinical psychotherapist specializing in the holistic treatment of trauma-related disorders. Emily is passionate about providing empathetic, trauma-informed care to all of her patients, utilizing a wide variety of techniques, with a primarily person-centered approach. Above all, Emily believes the quality of connection between therapist and patient is critical, and is dedicated to creating strong interpersonal bonds in the therapeutic milieu.
Accepting NEW patients as of July 2024! Emily Murcko is a Boston-based clinical psychotherapist specializing in the holistic treatment of trauma-related disorders. Emily is passionate about providing empathetic, trauma-informed care to all of her patients, utilizing a wide variety of techniques, with a primarily person-centered approach. Above all, Emily believes the quality of connection between therapist and patient is critical, and is dedicated to creating strong interpersonal bonds in the therapeutic milieu.
![Photo of Neal M Patel, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/99fd9f2e-769b-4704-91e7-7b616770c1be/2/320x400.png)
Neal has been in the mental health field since 2017, working with various populations and levels of care. He completed his clinical training at Harvard Medical School, Department of Mental Health, and Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital. Neal has had the most success helping adolescents and young adults with executive functioning, anxiety disorders (OCD), trauma, and maximizing potential through amotivational training. He works with NBA and NHL players/coaches to enhance their mental performance and recovery, boosting game-time confidence. With extensive experience in addictions, he is also well-versed in co-occurring disorders.
Neal has been in the mental health field since 2017, working with various populations and levels of care. He completed his clinical training at Harvard Medical School, Department of Mental Health, and Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital. Neal has had the most success helping adolescents and young adults with executive functioning, anxiety disorders (OCD), trauma, and maximizing potential through amotivational training. He works with NBA and NHL players/coaches to enhance their mental performance and recovery, boosting game-time confidence. With extensive experience in addictions, he is also well-versed in co-occurring disorders.
![Photo of Eva A. Mendes, LMHC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d23cc3f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Eva Mendes, LMHC, NCC is an Asperger's/Autism expert and master couples' counselor working with couples where one or both partners have Asperger Syndrome/Autism Spectrum Disorder (diagnosed or suspected). Eva also specializes in working with Asperger's/ASD/ADHD females. Other profiles that she specializes in are ADHD, Social Communication Pragmatic Disorder, and gifted individuals. People often seek out Eva's expertise after many years of confusion regarding these profiles. Eva is the author of two books: Marriage and Lasting Relationships with Asperger's Syndrome and Gender Identity, Sexuality and Autism. Available on Amazon.com
Eva Mendes, LMHC, NCC is an Asperger's/Autism expert and master couples' counselor working with couples where one or both partners have Asperger Syndrome/Autism Spectrum Disorder (diagnosed or suspected). Eva also specializes in working with Asperger's/ASD/ADHD females. Other profiles that she specializes in are ADHD, Social Communication Pragmatic Disorder, and gifted individuals. People often seek out Eva's expertise after many years of confusion regarding these profiles. Eva is the author of two books: Marriage and Lasting Relationships with Asperger's Syndrome and Gender Identity, Sexuality and Autism. Available on Amazon.com
![Photo of Amos Worth, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8745727c-8b86-4747-a6d9-2ed109100019/3/320x400.jpeg)
My clients come to me with a broad range of goals. Often they have concerns about relationships, meaning, or their place in the world, and these can be reflected in feelings of anxiety or sadness. Sometimes my clients come with a feeling that something in their life is not quite right, but lack clarity as to what that is, or what they really want.
My clients come to me with a broad range of goals. Often they have concerns about relationships, meaning, or their place in the world, and these can be reflected in feelings of anxiety or sadness. Sometimes my clients come with a feeling that something in their life is not quite right, but lack clarity as to what that is, or what they really want.
![Photo of Naowarat (Nonay) B Irwin - Movement For The Mind, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/35c97939-6ae8-45fd-9a4c-506ad72f4ce2/1/320x400.png)
Naowarat (Nonay) B Irwin - Movement For The Mind
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Lowell, MA 01850 (Online Only)
I combining traditional psychotherapy with the expressive/creative arts and somatic healing techniques in my practice. As a mental health clinician and dance/movement therapist, I'm deeply passionate about guiding individuals through the mind and body integration toward holistic healing. Over time, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse range of clients, from children and adolescents to families and adults, each with their unique journeys and challenges. Through my experience, I've honed my skills in supporting individuals through trauma, anxiety, depression, and various other mental health concerns.
I combining traditional psychotherapy with the expressive/creative arts and somatic healing techniques in my practice. As a mental health clinician and dance/movement therapist, I'm deeply passionate about guiding individuals through the mind and body integration toward holistic healing. Over time, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse range of clients, from children and adolescents to families and adults, each with their unique journeys and challenges. Through my experience, I've honed my skills in supporting individuals through trauma, anxiety, depression, and various other mental health concerns.
![Photo of Carol Wintle, LMHC, MA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c68c4dc-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I bring 40 years of experience to my private practice helping individuals solve emotional and behavioral health problems. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a Masters degree in Counseling Psychology, I am skilled in helping people with problems such as anxiety, depression, relationship/interpersonal issues, bullying and loss. I assist clients in developing social and emotional skills that help them live happier and more meaningful lives. My style is warm, respectful and spirited. I love the work I do and look forward to meeting and helping you.
I bring 40 years of experience to my private practice helping individuals solve emotional and behavioral health problems. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a Masters degree in Counseling Psychology, I am skilled in helping people with problems such as anxiety, depression, relationship/interpersonal issues, bullying and loss. I assist clients in developing social and emotional skills that help them live happier and more meaningful lives. My style is warm, respectful and spirited. I love the work I do and look forward to meeting and helping you.
![Photo of Lisa Wessan - Lisa Wessan Consulting, LICSW, CLYL, RM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/27197a26-1be3-450a-bdb8-b7a28b7370d6/3/320x400.jpeg)
Lisa Wessan Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CLYL, RM
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chelmsford, MA 01824
People often ask me, "What is the purpose of therapy?" I believe there are a few answers to that question. First, you come to therapy to defrost grief, unexpressed rage and other negative feelings, e.g. traumas, losses, betrayals. You also learn to re-parent yourself. Second, you come to have a better transition in your work or love life, or to improve your performance and personal relations. Finally, you get to share your dreams and goals in a safe environment, with no judgment, and to produce amazing action plans to manifest your best life ever.
People often ask me, "What is the purpose of therapy?" I believe there are a few answers to that question. First, you come to therapy to defrost grief, unexpressed rage and other negative feelings, e.g. traumas, losses, betrayals. You also learn to re-parent yourself. Second, you come to have a better transition in your work or love life, or to improve your performance and personal relations. Finally, you get to share your dreams and goals in a safe environment, with no judgment, and to produce amazing action plans to manifest your best life ever.
![Photo of Douglas Baker - Well-Beings Retreats, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b9c4404-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Well-Beings Retreats
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winchester, MA 01890
If you're in a crisis, stuck, or at a turning point you'd like to leverage, a personal counseling retreat is uniquely impactful. It compresses 6-12 months of therapy into a week. The impact is also in the inspiring environment, and sustained process, which allows a deep and more cohesive process. There's time to connect many small dots to a bigger picture. Time to learn, understand and practice new cognitive and behavioral skills. And to cultivate mindfulness and perspective, to practice stepping back to watch distress arise, and then, importantly, pass. You come away with a lived experience of inner resilience, in mind and body.
If you're in a crisis, stuck, or at a turning point you'd like to leverage, a personal counseling retreat is uniquely impactful. It compresses 6-12 months of therapy into a week. The impact is also in the inspiring environment, and sustained process, which allows a deep and more cohesive process. There's time to connect many small dots to a bigger picture. Time to learn, understand and practice new cognitive and behavioral skills. And to cultivate mindfulness and perspective, to practice stepping back to watch distress arise, and then, importantly, pass. You come away with a lived experience of inner resilience, in mind and body.
![Photo of Renee Hoekstra, PsyD, MA, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/efbc5d69-4ce4-46d7-92cd-e5e6d11dc18b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Individual and group therapy for emotional extremists: Do intense emotions interfere with your life? What would you be doing differently if your (emotions, thoughts, anxiety) were not causing problems for you? How can increased connections decrease isolation and depression? With 20+ years of experience, I help people stop blaming their moods and make specific steps to experience their life differently. I focus on helping you act according to your values and develop a collaborative, reality based, practical treatment agenda.
Individual and group therapy for emotional extremists: Do intense emotions interfere with your life? What would you be doing differently if your (emotions, thoughts, anxiety) were not causing problems for you? How can increased connections decrease isolation and depression? With 20+ years of experience, I help people stop blaming their moods and make specific steps to experience their life differently. I focus on helping you act according to your values and develop a collaborative, reality based, practical treatment agenda.
![Photo of Louis Galex - Advantage Counseling, LMHC, MA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c886fdbc-09e1-4463-b2a9-962edc311b2c/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, irritability, and/or a general unhappiness that affects your relationships with family or significant others or your ability to focus at work/home? Do you feel emotionally exhausted, overwhelmed, lost, or frustrated by the day to day stressors of living up to other's standards or balancing your career or family life? Do you wish or hope these stressors could be better or go away? Now more than ever people of all ages are struggling with anxiety, uncertainty, and balance in their lives. Let Advantage Counseling help you learn ways to manage and cope with these struggles.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, irritability, and/or a general unhappiness that affects your relationships with family or significant others or your ability to focus at work/home? Do you feel emotionally exhausted, overwhelmed, lost, or frustrated by the day to day stressors of living up to other's standards or balancing your career or family life? Do you wish or hope these stressors could be better or go away? Now more than ever people of all ages are struggling with anxiety, uncertainty, and balance in their lives. Let Advantage Counseling help you learn ways to manage and cope with these struggles.
![Photo of Ashley Owens Wood, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45ae8947-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Ashley Owens Wood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lexington, MA 02421
Waitlist for new clients
I feel very fortunate to do the job that I do and I approach therapy as a real collaboration between my clients and myself. I believe that people already have inner resources needed for exploration and healing and that therapy is a place where we can work together to discover and utilize those resources. I would describe my style as warm and interactive; I ask questions, I give and seek feedback, and I often use humor. I also focus on being present and open with you, listening with full, active attention in the moment. Overall, my hope is that when you come here, you’ll feel heard, supported, and like you can be yourself.
I feel very fortunate to do the job that I do and I approach therapy as a real collaboration between my clients and myself. I believe that people already have inner resources needed for exploration and healing and that therapy is a place where we can work together to discover and utilize those resources. I would describe my style as warm and interactive; I ask questions, I give and seek feedback, and I often use humor. I also focus on being present and open with you, listening with full, active attention in the moment. Overall, my hope is that when you come here, you’ll feel heard, supported, and like you can be yourself.
![Photo of Justin B Hecht, PhD, CJA, CGP, FAGPA, MBA , Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c985414-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Justin B Hecht
Psychologist, PhD, CJA, CGP, FAGPA, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lexington, MA 02420
I'm a general psychologist, and I provide individual, couples, and group psychotherapy to a wide variety of clients. I have an extensive background in working with anxiety disorders and stress reduction. I can also bring a number of techniques to bear in helping you overcome depression. Because of my background in business (Wharton MBA), I work particularly well with successful professionals who are seeking greater meaning and fulfillment in their careers and personal lives. My style balances patience and deep inquiry with energetic engagement. For people in recovery, my approach is a good complement to 12-step work.
I'm a general psychologist, and I provide individual, couples, and group psychotherapy to a wide variety of clients. I have an extensive background in working with anxiety disorders and stress reduction. I can also bring a number of techniques to bear in helping you overcome depression. Because of my background in business (Wharton MBA), I work particularly well with successful professionals who are seeking greater meaning and fulfillment in their careers and personal lives. My style balances patience and deep inquiry with energetic engagement. For people in recovery, my approach is a good complement to 12-step work.
![Photo of Apexa Patel, LICSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/37e4e086-ad97-446c-823c-b4b6184e4cfd/1/320x400.jpeg)
Apexa Patel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Chelmsford, MA 01824 (Online Only)
Do you ever come out a situation and find yourself questioning your emotional reactions? Do you ever find yourself playing mental gymnastics to avoid causing anyone discomfort only to then realize that you're utterly exhausted and have no spoons left for yourself? Maybe you're trying to make sense of your identity, navigate the world as BIPOC/queer/neurodiverse etc. while trying to simultaneously build healthy relationships, set boundaries, process past traumas, and exist in a capitalist society where your productivity is a measure of your validity (spoiler alert it's not; you're valid and your existence is more than enough).
Do you ever come out a situation and find yourself questioning your emotional reactions? Do you ever find yourself playing mental gymnastics to avoid causing anyone discomfort only to then realize that you're utterly exhausted and have no spoons left for yourself? Maybe you're trying to make sense of your identity, navigate the world as BIPOC/queer/neurodiverse etc. while trying to simultaneously build healthy relationships, set boundaries, process past traumas, and exist in a capitalist society where your productivity is a measure of your validity (spoiler alert it's not; you're valid and your existence is more than enough).
![Photo of Emily E Manove, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bdab78f3-ac5e-4cf2-8baf-7091a59a15e6/3/320x400.jpeg)
I welcome your courage in sharing your challenges with me and believe that we can work together using evidence-based therapy to create change. Our relationship matters to me and I will check in with you frequently about our work. I bring respect, empathy, humor, and authenticity (I'm a real person!) to the therapy room. I often work with OCD, anxiety, substance use, shame, perfectionism, body image, eating issues, depression, trauma/PTSD, relationship issues and parenting. I am an experienced IFS and AEDP therapist. I also use mindfulness, ACT, CBT and DBT heavily in my practice. I am a certified and experienced couples' therapist.
I welcome your courage in sharing your challenges with me and believe that we can work together using evidence-based therapy to create change. Our relationship matters to me and I will check in with you frequently about our work. I bring respect, empathy, humor, and authenticity (I'm a real person!) to the therapy room. I often work with OCD, anxiety, substance use, shame, perfectionism, body image, eating issues, depression, trauma/PTSD, relationship issues and parenting. I am an experienced IFS and AEDP therapist. I also use mindfulness, ACT, CBT and DBT heavily in my practice. I am a certified and experienced couples' therapist.
![Photo of Ben Getman, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/90f80ba9-5037-4e87-819d-6d8474d46a26/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am currently accepting new clients. When you feel stuck under the weight of anxious thinking or traumatic experiences, life can feel unmanageable and your goals can fall out of reach. You might struggle with chronic stress and overthinking, frequent panic attacks, low self-confidence, existential worries, burnout, or insecurity. No one can face these issues for too long before they start feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and hopeless. These feelings are only human and therapy can often be a helpful step toward improving your mental health.
I am currently accepting new clients. When you feel stuck under the weight of anxious thinking or traumatic experiences, life can feel unmanageable and your goals can fall out of reach. You might struggle with chronic stress and overthinking, frequent panic attacks, low self-confidence, existential worries, burnout, or insecurity. No one can face these issues for too long before they start feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and hopeless. These feelings are only human and therapy can often be a helpful step toward improving your mental health.
See more therapy options for Wilmington
Buddhist Therapists
Is buddhism beneficial for mental health?
While Buddhism itself is not a treatment for mental health conditions, its practices can greatly enhance mental well-being by introducing coping skills and ideas that promote overall wellness. Key Buddhist practices, such as mindfulness, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of various mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, addiction, and trauma. Moreover, Buddhism's focus on self-compassion, non-judgment, and acceptance can benefit individuals with particularly negative or self-critical thought patterns.
What are the concepts and principles of buddhism as a therapeutic approach?
Core Buddhist principles are often used in therapy to help clients gain insight into their thoughts and emotions. Concepts such as suffering (dukkha) and impermanence (anicca) are applied to help clients recognize that common forms of suffering, like repetitive negative thought patterns, can be accepted and viewed as impermanent. The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are additional core concepts utilized frequently in Buddhist therapy sessions. The Four Noble Truths highlight the existence of suffering as an inherent part of the human experience—an insight frequently used to move clients toward greater acceptance. The Eightfold Path, which includes right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right concentration, and right mindfulness, offers practical skills to alleviate suffering.
What is the buddhist approach and practice during a therapy session?
Therapists informed by Buddhist principles often integrate mindfulness and meditation practices into therapy sessions to help clients cultivate greater acceptance, compassion, and non-judgment toward themselves and others. Typically, Buddhist therapists guide clients through mindfulness exercises, such as breathing exercises or body scans, and encourage them to practice similar exercises outside of sessions. Additionally, many Buddhist therapists utilize elements of Positive Psychology or Compassion-Focused Therapy, which can help reduce symptoms of self-criticism and shame common among clients with various mental health conditions. In general, Buddhist therapists strive to embody the compassion and non-judgmental approach they promote, often incorporating exercises aimed at developing compassion in session, such as loving-kindness meditation (Metta).
Is mindfulness the same as buddhism in the context of therapy?
While Buddhist therapists frequently integrate mindfulness practices into therapy sessions, the terms mindfulness and Buddhism are not synonymous in the context of therapy. Therapists may use mindfulness techniques, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), without identifying as a Buddhist therapist. In contrast, those practicing within a Buddhist belief framework typically encourage mindfulness therapies, in addition to foundational Buddhist beliefs, such as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. These therapists may also guide clients toward a deeper understanding of Buddhist philosophy, unlike those who use Buddhist mindfulness principles without the broader spiritual context.