Therapists in Tewksbury, MA

Photo of Dale Atlas, LMHC, Counselor
Dale Atlas
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876
When you are struggling with life's challenges, you want to get to the heart of the issues so that you can overcome the anxiety, depression, trauma, fears, anger, and other emotions that are preventing you from experiencing joy, peace, and freedom. There is hope that you can enjoy life, healthy friendships and relationships, and heal the ones that are troubled. Whether your struggles stem from primary/early family dynamics, or more recent developments, together we can build a strong, healthy therapeutic alliance to identify and achieve your needs and goals. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
When you are struggling with life's challenges, you want to get to the heart of the issues so that you can overcome the anxiety, depression, trauma, fears, anger, and other emotions that are preventing you from experiencing joy, peace, and freedom. There is hope that you can enjoy life, healthy friendships and relationships, and heal the ones that are troubled. Whether your struggles stem from primary/early family dynamics, or more recent developments, together we can build a strong, healthy therapeutic alliance to identify and achieve your needs and goals. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(339) 230-0521 View (339) 230-0521
Photo of Shane MacDonald -  OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW , LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
(617) 675-2000 View (617) 675-2000
Photo of Lindsay Mason, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lindsay Mason
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Are problems getting in the way of your preferred way of being? Do you need a space to process complex emotions and relationships? Hi, I'm Lindsay Mason, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I work with individuals to identify the effects that problems are having in their lives. Especially the concerns no one talks about because of the stigma traditionally attached. I offer a judgement free, safe space to shift away from blame and address hopes, values and goals.
Are problems getting in the way of your preferred way of being? Do you need a space to process complex emotions and relationships? Hi, I'm Lindsay Mason, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I work with individuals to identify the effects that problems are having in their lives. Especially the concerns no one talks about because of the stigma traditionally attached. I offer a judgement free, safe space to shift away from blame and address hopes, values and goals.
(508) 593-1294 View (508) 593-1294
Photo of Kerry Bailey Aronofsky - KBA Counseling & Substance Abuse Evaluations, Counselor
KBA Counseling & Substance Abuse Evaluations
Counselor
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876
Currently taking requests for DUI and Substance Use Evaluations! Welcome. I'm an LMHC and LADC-1 with over a decade of experience in the mental health field. I offer individual therapy for those seeking help with mental health concerns and/or substance abuse. Recovery, whatever that needs to be for you, is possible.
Currently taking requests for DUI and Substance Use Evaluations! Welcome. I'm an LMHC and LADC-1 with over a decade of experience in the mental health field. I offer individual therapy for those seeking help with mental health concerns and/or substance abuse. Recovery, whatever that needs to be for you, is possible.
(978) 391-6972 View (978) 391-6972
Photo of Kristin Bramante, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Kristin Bramante
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Are you feeling like you have lost your balance? Are you avoiding people, places, or situations because of anxiety, depression, or a recent trauma? Do you feel like you’re walking on eggshells in your relationships because you aren’t able to express how you really feel? Maybe you experienced childhood trauma and you need help to process and understand what happened to you so that you can create a different narrative for your life. All of these situations can be very painful and reaching out to a stranger is courageous step! I strive to create a trusting and nonjudgemental space for you. I hope you will take a moment to call.
Are you feeling like you have lost your balance? Are you avoiding people, places, or situations because of anxiety, depression, or a recent trauma? Do you feel like you’re walking on eggshells in your relationships because you aren’t able to express how you really feel? Maybe you experienced childhood trauma and you need help to process and understand what happened to you so that you can create a different narrative for your life. All of these situations can be very painful and reaching out to a stranger is courageous step! I strive to create a trusting and nonjudgemental space for you. I hope you will take a moment to call.
(508) 439-6149 View (508) 439-6149
Photo of Mark Deyab, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Deyab
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876
I am a solution oriented psychotherapist and life coach who develops creative solutions to common emotional and behavioral problems. I develop customized solutions based on a client's particular circumstances: unique problem, needs, goals, urgency, past accomplishments, support systems, capacity to take responsibility, openness to learning, and motivation to change. I treat adults, teenagers, children, couples and families and have experience working with a wide range of emotional, behavioral, interpersonal and substance abuse problems.
I am a solution oriented psychotherapist and life coach who develops creative solutions to common emotional and behavioral problems. I develop customized solutions based on a client's particular circumstances: unique problem, needs, goals, urgency, past accomplishments, support systems, capacity to take responsibility, openness to learning, and motivation to change. I treat adults, teenagers, children, couples and families and have experience working with a wide range of emotional, behavioral, interpersonal and substance abuse problems.
(781) 797-0767 View (781) 797-0767
Photo of Olivia DiVirgilio, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Olivia DiVirgilio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** Do you feel anxious and find your mind constantly worrying? Do you feel sad, down and hopeless? Do you find yourself struggling and stressed with the demands of everyday life? These feelings can be overwhelming and upsetting. I am here to support you as you work towards exploring, processing and learning how to better cope with these feelings.
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** Do you feel anxious and find your mind constantly worrying? Do you feel sad, down and hopeless? Do you find yourself struggling and stressed with the demands of everyday life? These feelings can be overwhelming and upsetting. I am here to support you as you work towards exploring, processing and learning how to better cope with these feelings.
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Photo of Marla Ohanesian, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marla Ohanesian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years experience providing therapy in schools, hospitals and outpatient clinics. I have worked with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, life transitions, and behavioral challenges. My approach to therapy is built on empathy, trust, and collaboration. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients. Together, we'll work towards identifying strengths, overcoming obstacles, and fostering personal growth. My clients are the experts in their life, and my role is to provide guidance, support, and strategies to help.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years experience providing therapy in schools, hospitals and outpatient clinics. I have worked with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, life transitions, and behavioral challenges. My approach to therapy is built on empathy, trust, and collaboration. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients. Together, we'll work towards identifying strengths, overcoming obstacles, and fostering personal growth. My clients are the experts in their life, and my role is to provide guidance, support, and strategies to help.
(508) 978-1493 View (508) 978-1493
Photo of Shannon Ferrelli, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Ferrelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
If you are feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, depressed or suffering with low self-esteem, you are not alone. I can provide a safe and supportive space where your voice will be heard and validated. You have your own unique needs and strengths, and together we can navigate the challenges life can bring.
If you are feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, depressed or suffering with low self-esteem, you are not alone. I can provide a safe and supportive space where your voice will be heard and validated. You have your own unique needs and strengths, and together we can navigate the challenges life can bring.
(508) 570-0667 View (508) 570-0667
Photo of Julie Fielding - Mind Spruce Counseling, PLLC, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mind Spruce Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876
I acknowledge the courage it requires to begin a therapeutic journey. When you take that step, my aim is to provide you with a secure and empowering environment where we can collaborate. Respecting and honoring your unique story is of utmost importance to me, and I prioritize understanding your treatment goals. Above all, my hope is that our collaborative efforts will equip you with the skills and confidence to effectively navigate life's challenges and create a positive future.
I acknowledge the courage it requires to begin a therapeutic journey. When you take that step, my aim is to provide you with a secure and empowering environment where we can collaborate. Respecting and honoring your unique story is of utmost importance to me, and I prioritize understanding your treatment goals. Above all, my hope is that our collaborative efforts will equip you with the skills and confidence to effectively navigate life's challenges and create a positive future.
(978) 631-3100 View (978) 631-3100
Photo of Phyllis Ann Tobias, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Phyllis Ann Tobias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Are you feeling anxious, stuck, sad, depressed, grieving or just don’t feel right? Are you having a difficult time with your current and/or past relationships, parenting— or are your children having challenges with their siblings, peers, or with school? Has being a caregiver of an elderly parent challenged you? Are you a parent of an adult child(ren) whose relationship or communication has become tense or strained? Or maybe you and your partner just aren't connecting the way that you once did . . . . We are all feeling a bit “off” during these uncertain times. Now more than ever it's an important time to engage in self care.
Are you feeling anxious, stuck, sad, depressed, grieving or just don’t feel right? Are you having a difficult time with your current and/or past relationships, parenting— or are your children having challenges with their siblings, peers, or with school? Has being a caregiver of an elderly parent challenged you? Are you a parent of an adult child(ren) whose relationship or communication has become tense or strained? Or maybe you and your partner just aren't connecting the way that you once did . . . . We are all feeling a bit “off” during these uncertain times. Now more than ever it's an important time to engage in self care.
(978) 307-5660 View (978) 307-5660
Photo of Christine Becker, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
I have been a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW) with over 25 years of experience. Although well known through my work with the LGBTQ community, I look forward to working with all individuals, and couples. All are welcome here. Day and evening video appointments are available from wherever you are located.
I have been a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW) with over 25 years of experience. Although well known through my work with the LGBTQ community, I look forward to working with all individuals, and couples. All are welcome here. Day and evening video appointments are available from wherever you are located.
(339) 500-7268 View (339) 500-7268
Photo of Jackie Melius, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jackie Melius
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Jackie. I have been working in the field of psychology and counseling for the last 7 years. As a licensed therapist, I am passionate about supporting young adults navigate the complexities of life's transitions. Whether you are adjusting to new responsibilities, career changes, or relationship challenges, I provide a safe and compassionate space to explore these shifts.
Hi! I'm Jackie. I have been working in the field of psychology and counseling for the last 7 years. As a licensed therapist, I am passionate about supporting young adults navigate the complexities of life's transitions. Whether you are adjusting to new responsibilities, career changes, or relationship challenges, I provide a safe and compassionate space to explore these shifts.
(508) 338-9643 View (508) 338-9643
Photo of Laurel Ashcraft, MEd, LMHC, LADC-I, Counselor
Laurel Ashcraft
Counselor, MEd, LMHC, LADC-I
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876
Waitlist for new clients
My specialty is helping others develop an optimistic state of mind. I have learned that every person is the right person to help when they are ready. You are far more powerful than you may think, and you can have a profound impact on your own happiness. Changing your thoughts and behaviors can be difficult. It takes time and practice, but it can be done. Our brain has a dramatic impact on how we think, feel, and behave from moment to moment. Everyone can experience negative thoughts and emotions sometimes, but it is how you accept, express, and cope with them that turns into your reality.
My specialty is helping others develop an optimistic state of mind. I have learned that every person is the right person to help when they are ready. You are far more powerful than you may think, and you can have a profound impact on your own happiness. Changing your thoughts and behaviors can be difficult. It takes time and practice, but it can be done. Our brain has a dramatic impact on how we think, feel, and behave from moment to moment. Everyone can experience negative thoughts and emotions sometimes, but it is how you accept, express, and cope with them that turns into your reality.
(617) 855-6613 View (617) 855-6613
Photo of Evan Patten, MS, LMHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Evan Patten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Through my practice as an LMHC, I have found my style matches perfectly with people living with everyday mental illness such as anxiety/depression/substance use/life stress. Most clients come to me for support with identifying issues, assessing them and then problem solving to overcome and strengthen their own skill set and use of coping skills. My clients enjoy traditional talk therapy as well as setting some goals and using my service to keep them accountable. Whether you are looking for a non biased, clinical, third party to chat with or someone to process and overcome stressors and life issues, you are in the right spot.
Through my practice as an LMHC, I have found my style matches perfectly with people living with everyday mental illness such as anxiety/depression/substance use/life stress. Most clients come to me for support with identifying issues, assessing them and then problem solving to overcome and strengthen their own skill set and use of coping skills. My clients enjoy traditional talk therapy as well as setting some goals and using my service to keep them accountable. Whether you are looking for a non biased, clinical, third party to chat with or someone to process and overcome stressors and life issues, you are in the right spot.
(978) 543-5070 View (978) 543-5070
Photo of Cassandra DeQuevedo, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Cassandra DeQuevedo
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876
You’re good at so many things, but you struggle in relationships, with confidence in who you are, or managing grief. Therapy will help you tap into your natural ability for deep connection, inner strength, and healing. Perhaps in Relationships- you struggle with communication, boundaries, or you keep getting stuck in the same patterns? In Identity- you know your worth, but have trouble with your self-esteem? In Grief- you get overwhelmed, and don’t know where to start to feel better? You're ready to master relationships, heal, and be unapologetically yourself.
You’re good at so many things, but you struggle in relationships, with confidence in who you are, or managing grief. Therapy will help you tap into your natural ability for deep connection, inner strength, and healing. Perhaps in Relationships- you struggle with communication, boundaries, or you keep getting stuck in the same patterns? In Identity- you know your worth, but have trouble with your self-esteem? In Grief- you get overwhelmed, and don’t know where to start to feel better? You're ready to master relationships, heal, and be unapologetically yourself.
(781) 633-6706 View (781) 633-6706
Photo of Colleen M Smith, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Colleen M Smith
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876
I specialize in helping Christian women integrate their faith into clinical practice and solutions. I am here to support and empower women who have lost their sense of self. There are many obstacles we encounter in life and sometimes it takes someone sitting with us and exploring what is making the mountain seem immovable. I specialize in helping set up goals and develop a path to achieve them. I enjoy working with married couples, to help them develop healthy ways to handle conflict, and also those trying to blend a family. Currently using EFT for couples as well! I also do premarital counseling for engaged couples.
I specialize in helping Christian women integrate their faith into clinical practice and solutions. I am here to support and empower women who have lost their sense of self. There are many obstacles we encounter in life and sometimes it takes someone sitting with us and exploring what is making the mountain seem immovable. I specialize in helping set up goals and develop a path to achieve them. I enjoy working with married couples, to help them develop healthy ways to handle conflict, and also those trying to blend a family. Currently using EFT for couples as well! I also do premarital counseling for engaged couples.
(207) 672-1079 View (207) 672-1079
Photo of Jade Hernandez, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jade Hernandez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
If you’re working on overcoming depression, anxiety, substance abuse, trauma, a difficult life transition, unhealthy coping behaviors, relationship struggles or any other area hindering your ability to live your fullest life I would love to work with you! My goal is for you to flourish through our work together and I strive to create a supportive and nonjudgmental environment. It’s important to uncover the root cause of symptoms and effectively work through them so they don’t create roadblocks or unhealthy patterns in our life. Please reach out for a free consultation, I’d love to hear about you and your goals!
If you’re working on overcoming depression, anxiety, substance abuse, trauma, a difficult life transition, unhealthy coping behaviors, relationship struggles or any other area hindering your ability to live your fullest life I would love to work with you! My goal is for you to flourish through our work together and I strive to create a supportive and nonjudgmental environment. It’s important to uncover the root cause of symptoms and effectively work through them so they don’t create roadblocks or unhealthy patterns in our life. Please reach out for a free consultation, I’d love to hear about you and your goals!
(508) 501-6840 View (508) 501-6840
Photo of Danielle Lovejoy, MSW, LCSW MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Danielle Lovejoy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSW MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tewksbury, MA 01876  (Online Only)
Emotional and mental health is just as important to us as breathing is. Emotional and mental wellbeing is so important to overall well being. I can assist you with working through the emotional situations in life, the stress in life and the changes that happen through moving forward.
Emotional and mental health is just as important to us as breathing is. Emotional and mental wellbeing is so important to overall well being. I can assist you with working through the emotional situations in life, the stress in life and the changes that happen through moving forward.
(603) 931-4102 View (603) 931-4102
Photo of Jillian Theberge, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jillian Theberge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Tewksbury, MA 01876
I am a strengths-based therapist who works with adults, children, and adolescents. I enjoy supporting and partnering with their parents to foster growth and change for the child-parent. I also support young adults transitioning into a new phase of life at work or personally (marriage, parenting, divorce). I am solution-focused and utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness to help my clients with regulating their emotional ups and downs as well as slowing down the stream of thoughts they often experience due to their busy, hectic lives.
I am a strengths-based therapist who works with adults, children, and adolescents. I enjoy supporting and partnering with their parents to foster growth and change for the child-parent. I also support young adults transitioning into a new phase of life at work or personally (marriage, parenting, divorce). I am solution-focused and utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness to help my clients with regulating their emotional ups and downs as well as slowing down the stream of thoughts they often experience due to their busy, hectic lives.
(978) 540-8029 View (978) 540-8029
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tewksbury, MA

40+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Tewksbury, MA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
86% Depression
82% Coping Skills
73% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
67% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
70% Optum

How Therapists in Tewksbury, MA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tewksbury?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.